Substituted quinoxalines compounds

ABSTRACT

A heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof: 
                         
wherein m, l, and n respectively represent an integer of 1 or 2; X represents —O— or —CH 2 —;
 
R 1  represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, a protecting group, or a tri-lower alkylsilyloxy-lower alkyl group;
 
R 2  and R 3 , which are the same or different, each independently represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; or R 2  and R 3  are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and
 
R 4  represents an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, wherein the aromatic or heterocyclic group may have one or more arbitrary substituent(s).

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a novel heterocyclic compound.

BACKGROUND ART

Three monoamines known as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine function as neurotransmitters in vivo. Therefore, drugs having inhibitory effects on the reuptake of these monoamines have been used widely as therapeutic drugs for diseases associated with the central or peripheral nervous system.

Most of drugs previously used in the treatment of depression selectively inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin. Examples of such drugs include imipramine (first-generation antidepressant), maprotiline (second-generation antidepressant), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, third-generation antidepressants) typified by fluoxetine, and serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs, fourth-generation antidepressants) typified by venlafaxine (S. Miura, Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2000, 3: 311-318).

However, all of these drugs require a period as long as 3 weeks or longer for exerting their therapeutic effects and, in addition, fail to exert sufficient therapeutic effects on approximately 30% of patients with depression (Phil Skolnick, European Journal of Pharmacology, 1999, 375: 31-40).

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a drug that has a wide therapeutic spectrum and can exert sufficient therapeutic effects in a short period, compared with antidepressants known in the art.

The present inventors have conducted diligent studies to attain the object and have consequently found that a heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) shown below can he used in the production of the desired drug. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 15 shown below, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound or an use of the compounds, a method for treating or preventing diseases or a methods for producing the compounds.

Item 1. A heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof:

wherein m, l, and n respectively represent an integer of 1 or 2; X represents —O— or —CH₂—; R¹ represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, a protecting group, or a tri-lower alkylsilyloxy-lower alkyl group; R² and R³ , which are the same or different, each independently represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, or R₂ and R₃ are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and R⁴ represents an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, wherein the aromatic or heterocyclic group may have one or more arbitrary substituent(s). Item 2. The heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof according to item 1, wherein R⁴ represents any of

-   (1) a phenyl group, -   (2) an indolyl group, -   (3) a benzothienyl group, -   (4) a naphthyl group, -   (5) a benzofuryl group, -   (6) a quinolyl group, -   (7) an isoquinolyl group, -   (8) a pyridyl group, -   (9) a thienyl group, -   (10) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, -   (11) a dihydrobenzodioxinyl group, -   (12) a dihydroquinolyl group, -   (13) a chromanyl group, -   (14) a quinoxalinyl group, -   (15) a dihydroindenyl group, -   (16) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, -   (17) a benzodioxolyl group, -   (18) an indazolyl group, -   (19) a benzothiazolyl group, -   (20) an indolinyl group, -   (21) a thienopyridyl group, -   (22) a tetrahydrobenzazepinyl group, -   (23) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, -   (24) a dihydrobenzodioxepinyl group, -   (25) a fluorenyl group, -   (26) a pyridazinyl group, -   (27) a tetrahydroquinolyl group, -   (28) a carbazolyl group, -   (29) a phenanthryl group, -   (30) a dihydroacenaphthylenyl group, -   (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, -   (32) an anthryl group, -   (33) a benzodioxinyl group, -   (34) a pyrrolidinyl group, -   (35) a pyrazolyl group, -   (36) an oxadiazolyl group, -   (37) a pyrimidinyl group, -   (38) a tetrahydronaphthyl group, -   (39) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, -   (40) a benzoxazolyl group, -   (41) a thiazolyl group, -   (42) a quinazolinyl group, -   (43) a phthalazinyl group, -   (44) a pyrazinyl group, and -   (45) a chromenyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic     groups may have one or more substituent(s) selected from -   (1-1) a halogen atom, -   (1-2) a lower alkyl group, -   (1-3) a lower alkanoyl group, -   (1-4) a halogen-substituted lower alkyl group, -   (1-5) a halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, -   (1-6) a cyano group, -   (1-7) a lower alkoxy group, -   (1-8) a lower alkylthio group, -   (1-9) an imidazolyl group, -   (1-10) a tri-lower alkylsilyl group, -   (1-11) an oxadiazolyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s), -   (1-12) a pyrrolidinyl group which may have an oxo group(s), -   (1-13) a phenyl group which may have a lower alkoxy group(s), -   (1-14) a lower alkylamino-lower alkyl group, -   (1-15) an oxo group, -   (1-16) a pyrazolyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s), -   (1-17) a thienyl group, -   (1-18) a furyl group, -   (1-19) a thiazolyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s), -   (1-20) a lower alkylamino group, -   (1-21) a pyrimidyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s), -   (1-22) a phenyl-lower alkenyl group, -   (1-23) a phenoxy group which may have a halogen atom(s), -   (1-24) a phenoxy-lower alkyl group, -   (1-25) a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-26) a lower alkylsulfamoyl group, -   (1-27) a pyridazinyloxy group which may have a lower alkyl group(s), -   (1-28) a phenyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-29) a lower alkylamino-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-30) an imidazolyl-lower alkyl group. -   (1-31) a phenyl-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-32) a hydroxy group, -   (1-33) a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, -   (1-34) a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, -   (1-35) an oxazolyl group, -   (1-36) a piperidyl group, -   (1-37) a pyrrolyl group, -   (1-38) a morpholinyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-39) a piperazinyl-lower alkyl group which may have a lower alkyl     group(s), -   (1-40) a piperidyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-41) a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-42) a morpholinyl group, and -   (1-43) a piperazinyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s).     Item 3. The heterocyclic compound represented by the general     formula (1) or a salt thereof according to item 2, wherein     R⁴ represents any of -   (1) a phenyl group, -   (2) an indolyl group, -   (3) a benzothienyl group, -   (4) a naphthyl group, -   (5) a benzofuryl group, -   (6) a quinolyl group, -   (7) an isoquinolyl group, -   (8) a pyridyl group, -   (9) a thienyl group, -   (10) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, -   (11) a dihydrobenzodioxinyl group, -   (12) a dihydroquinolyi group, -   (13) a chromanyl group, -   (14) a quinoxalinyl group, -   (15) a dihydroindenyl group, -   (16) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, -   (17) a benzodioxolyl group, -   (18) an indazolyl group, -   (19) a benzothiazolyl group, -   (20) an indolinyl group, -   (21) a thienopyridyl group, -   (22) a telrahydrobenzazepinyl group, -   (23) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, -   (24) a dihydrobenzodioxepinyl group, -   (25) a fluorenyl group, -   (26) a pyridazinyl group, -   (27) a tetrahydroquinolyl group, -   (28) a carbazolyl group, -   (29) a phenanthryl group, -   (30) a dihydroacenaphthylenyl group, -   (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, -   (32) an anthryl group, -   (33) a benzodioxinyl group, -   (34) a pyrrolidinyl group, -   (35) a pyrazolyl group, -   (36) an oxadiazolyl group, -   (37) a pyrimidinyl group, -   (38) a tetrahydronaphthyl group, -   (39) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, -   (40) a benzoxazolyl group, -   (41) a thiazolyl group, -   (42) a quinazolinyl group, -   (43) a phthalazinyl group, -   (44) a pyrazinyl group, and -   (45) a chromenyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic     groups may have 1 to 4 substituent(s) selected from -   (1-1) a halogen atom, -   (1-2) a lower alkyl group, -   (1-3) a lower alkanoyl group, -   (1-4) a halogen-substituted lower alkyl group, -   (1-5) a halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, -   (1-6) a cyano group, -   (1-7) a lower alkoxy group, -   (1-8) a lower alkylthio group, -   (1-9) an imidazolyl group, -   (1-10) a tri-lower alkylsilyl group, -   (1-11) an oxadiazolyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-12) a pyrrolidinyl group which may have 1 oxo group, -   (1-13) a phenyl group which may have 1 lower alkoxy group, -   (1-14) a lower alkylamino-lower alkyl group, -   (1-15) an oxo group, -   (1-16) a pyrazolyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-17) a thienyl group, -   (1-18) a furyl group, -   (1-19) a thiazolyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-20) a lower alkylamino group, -   (1-21) a pyrimidyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-22) a phenyl-lower alkenyl group, -   (1-23) a phenoxy group which may have 1 halogen atom, -   (1-24) a phenoxy-lower alkyl group, -   (1-25) a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-26) a lower alkylsulfamoyl group, -   (1-27) a pyridazinyloxy group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-28) a phenyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-29) a lower alkylamino-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-30) an imidazolyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-31) a phenyl-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-32) a hydroxy group, -   (1-33) a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, -   (1-34) a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, -   (1-35) an oxazolyl group, -   (1-36) a piperidyl group, -   (1-37) a pyrrolyl group, -   (1-38) a morpholinyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-39) a piperazinyl-lower alkyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl     group, -   (1-40) a piperidyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-41) a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-42) a morpholinyl group, and -   (1-43) a piperazinyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group.     Item 4. The heterocyclic compound represented by the general     formula (1) or a salt thereof according to item 3, wherein     m represents 2; l and n respectively represent an integer of 1; X     represents —CH₂—;     R¹ represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy-lower alkyl     group, a benzyl group, or a tri-lower alkylsilyloxy-lower alkyl     group; and     R⁴ represents any of -   (1) a phenyl group, -   (2) an indolyl group, -   (4) a naphthyl group, -   (5) a benzofuryl group, and -   (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic     groups may have 1 to 4 substituent(s) selected from -   (1-1) a halogen atom, -   (1-2) a lower alkyl group, -   (1-3) a lower alkanoyl group, -   (1-4) a halogen-substituted lower alkyl group, -   (1-5) a halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, -   (1-6) a cyano group, -   (1-7) a lower alkoxy group, -   (1-8) a lower alkylthio group, -   (1-9) an imidazolyl group, -   (1-10) a tri-lower alkylsilyl group, -   (1-11) an oxadiazolyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-12) a pyrrolidinyl group which may have 1 oxo group, -   (1-13) a phenyl group which may have 1 lower alkoxy group, -   (1-14) a lower alkylamino-lower alkyl group, -   (1-15) an oxo group, -   (1-16) a pyrazolyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-17) a thienyl group, -   (1-18) a furyl group, -   (1-19) a thiazolyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-20) a lower alkylamino group, -   (1-21) a pyrimidyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-22) a phenyl-lower alkenyl group, -   (1-23) a phenoxy group which may have 1 halogen atom, -   (1-24) a phenoxy-lower alkyl group, -   (1-25) a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-26) a lower alkylsulfamoyl group, -   (1-27) a pyridazinyloxy group which may have 1 lower alkyl group, -   (1-28) a phenyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-29) a lower alkylamino-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-30) an imidazolyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-31) a phenyl-lower alkoxy group, -   (1-32) a hydroxy group, -   (1-34) a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, -   (1-35) an oxazolyl group, -   (1-36) a piperidyl group, -   (1-37) a pyrrolyl group, -   (1-38) a morpholinyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-39) a piperazinyl-lower alkyl group which may have a lower alkyl     group(s), -   (1-40) a piperidyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-41) a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkyl group, -   (1-42) a morpholinyl group, and -   (1-43) a piperazinyl group which may have 1 lower alkyl group.     Item 5. The heterocyclic compound represented by the general     formula (1) or a salt thereof according to item 4, wherein     R¹ represents hydrogen;     R² and R³ , which are the same or different, each independently     represent a lower alkyl group; or     R² and R³ are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and     R⁴ represents any of -   (1) a phenyl group, -   (2) an indolyl group, -   (4) a naphthyl group, -   (5) a benzofuryl group, and -   (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic     groups may have 1 to 2 substituent(s) selected from -   (1-1) a halogen atom, -   (1-2) a lower alkyl group, -   (1-5) a halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, -   (1-6) a cyano group, and -   (1-7) a lower alkoxy group.     Item 6. The heterocyclic compound represented by the general     formula (1) or a salt thereof according to item 5, which is selected     from -   (4aS,8aR)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, -   2-chloro-4-((4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)benzonitrile, -   (4aS,8aR)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, -   (4aS,8aR)-1-(7-fluorobenzofuran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, -   5-((4aR,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile, -   (4a′R,8a′S)-4′-(7-methoxybenzofuran-4-yl)octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline], -   (4aS,8aR)-1-(6,7-difluorobenzofuran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, -   5-((4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxaline-1(2H)-yl)-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile, -   (4aS,8aR)-1-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, -   6-((4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-2-naphthonitrile, -   (4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)decahydroquinoxaline,     and -   (4aS,8aS)-1-(4-difluoromethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline.     Item 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a heterocyclic     compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof     according to item 1 as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically     acceptable carrier.     Item 8. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for disorders caused     by reduced neurotransmission of serotonin, norepinephrine or     dopamine, comprising as an active ingredient a heterocyclic compound     of general formula (1) or a salt thereof according to item 1.     Item 9. a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to item 8,     wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of     depression, depression status caused by adjustment disorder, anxiety     caused by adjustment disorder, anxiety caused by various diseases,     generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder,     panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress     disorder, hypochodria, dissociative amnesia, avoidant personality     disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, eating disorder, obesity,     chemical dependence, pain, fibromyalgia, Alzheimer's disease, memory     deficit, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, endocrine     disorder, vasospasm, cerebellar ataxia, gastrointestinal disorder,     negative syndrome of schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, stress     urinary incontinence, Tourette's disorder, attention deficit     hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, Asperger syndrome, impulse     control disorder, trichotillomania, kleptomania, gambling disorder,     cluster headache, migraine, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, chronic     fatigue syndrome, precocious ejaculation, male impotence,     narcolepsy, primary hypersomnia, cataplexy, sleep apnea syndrome and     headache.     Item 10. a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to item     9, wherein the depression is selected from the group consisting of     major depressive disorder; bipolar I disorder; bipolar II disorder;     mixed state; dysthymic disorder; rapid cycler; atypical depression;     seasonal affective disorder; postpartum depression; hypomelancholia;     recurrent brief depressive disorder; refractory depression; chronic     depression; double depression; alcohol-induced mood disorder; mixed     anxiety-depressive disorder; depression caused by various physical     diseases such as Cushing('s) syndrome, hypothyroidism,     hyperparathyroidism, Addison's disease, amenorrhea-galactorrhea     syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular     dementia, brain infarct, brain hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage,     diabetes millitus, virus infection, multiple sclerosis, chronic     fatigue syndrome, coronary artery disease, pain, cancer, etc.;     presenile depression; senile depression; depression in children and     adolescents; depression induced by drugs such as interferon, etc.     Item 11. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to item     9, wherein the anxiety caused by various diseases is selected from     the group consisting of anxiety caused by head injury, brain     infection, inner ear impairment, cardiac failure, cardiac     dysrhythmia, hyperadrenalism, hyperthyroidism, asthma and chronic     obstructive pulmonary disease.     Item 12. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to item     9, wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of chronic     pain, psychogenic pain, neuropathic pain, phantom limb pain,     postherpetic neuralgia, traumatic cervical syndrome, spinal cord     injury pain, trigeminal neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy.     Item 13. Use of a heterocyclic compound of the general formula (1)     or a salt thereof according to any one of items 1 to 6 as a drug.     Item 14. Use of a heterocyclic compound of the general formula (1)     ora salt thereof according to any one of items 1 to 6 as a     serotonine reuptake inhibitor and/or a norepinephrine reuptake     inhibitor and/or a dopamine reuptake inhibitor     Item 15. A method for treating and/or preventing disorders caused by     reduced neurotransmission of serotonin, norephnephrine or dopamine,     comprising administering a heterocyclic compound of general     formula (1) or a salt thereof according to items 1 to 6 to human or     an animal.     Item 16. A process for producing a heterocyclic compound of general     formula (1):

or salts thereof, wherein m, l and n respectively represent an integer of 1 or 2; X, R¹, R², and R³ are defined in the above in item 1,

-   -   the process comprising reacting the compound represented by the         general formula;

wherein m, l and n respectively represent an integer of 1 or 2; X, R¹, R², and R³ are defined in the above in item 1 and the compound represented by the general formula; R⁴—X₁ wherein R⁴ and X¹ are defined in the below.

Each group shown in the general formula is specifically as shown below.

The term “lower” means a group having 1 to 6 (preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3) carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified.

A heterocyclic ring group includes saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or polycyctic heterocyclic rings comprising at least one hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom(s), a sulfur atom(s) and nitrogen atom(s). More preferably, it includes the following heterocyclic ring:

3 to 8 unsaturated-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrroliny, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl groups and N-oxide thereof, pyrimidinyl, pyrazhyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl (e.g., 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl gourps etc.), tetrazolyl group (e.g., 1H -tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl groups, etc.), dihydrotriazinyl (e.g., 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazinyl, 2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazinyl groups) groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, imidazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl groups, etc can be mentioned.

3 to 8-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered unsaturated heteromonocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyperazinyl groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, pyrrolidinyl group can be mentioned.

7 to 12-membered partially saturated or unsaturated condensed hetero ring group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, dihydroindolyl, (e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1H -dihydroindolyl group, etc.), isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, dihydroisoquinolyl (e.g., 3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolyl group, etc.), tetrahydroquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-isoquinolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolyl groups, etc.), carbostyril, dihydrocarbostyril (e.g., 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril group, etc.), indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl (e.g., tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazinyl group, etc.), dihydrotriazolopyridazinyl, imidazopyridyl (e.g., imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl group, etc.), naphthyridyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyrazolopyridyl (e.g., pyrazolo[2,3-a]pyridyl group, etc.), pyrrolopyridyl, carbazolyl, Indolinyl, tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl, tetrahydrobenzoazepinyl, quinazolinyl, phthalaztnyl groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinoxalinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, carbazolyl, indolinyl, quinazolyl, phthalazinyl, tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl, or tetrahydrobenzoazepinyl groups, etc. can be mentioned.

3 to 8 membered, preferably 5 or 6 membered unsaturated heteromono ring containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, furyl group, etc can be mentioned.

7 to 12-membered partially saturated or unsaturated condensed hetero ring group containing 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuyl (e.g., 2,3-dihydrobenzo [b]furyl group, etc.), chromanyl, benzodioxanyl (e.g., 1,4-benzodioxanyl group, etc.), dihydrobenzoxadinyl (eg, 2,3-dihydrobenzo-1,4-oxadinyl), benzodioxolyl (e.g., benzo[1,,3]dioxolyl group, etc.), benzodioxynyl, dihydrobenzodioxynyl, dihydrobenzodioxepinyl groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, benzofuryl, benzodioxynyl, benzodioxolyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzodioxepinyl, dihydrobenzodioxsepinylyl, chromenyl, or chromanyl groups can be mentioned.

3 to 8-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered unsaturated heteromonocyclic ring containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazoyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazoyl groups, etc.) groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl groups can be mentioned.

3 to 8-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered saturated heteromonocyclic ring containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, morpholinyl group, etc can be mentioned.

7 to 12-membered partially saturated or unsaturated condensed hetero ring containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, benzoxazoly, benzoxazdiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, furopyridyl (e.g., furo[2,3-b]pyridyl, furo[3,2-c]pyridyl groups, etc.), dihydrobenzoxadinyl groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, benzoxazolyl, dihydrobenzoxadinyl groups can be mentioned.

3 to 8-membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered unsaturated heteromonocyclic ring containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl, thiazolynyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-tiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl groups, etc.) groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, thiazolyl group can be mentioned.

3 to 8-membered, preferably, 5 or 6-membered saturated heteromonocyclic ring containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolydinyl group, etc. can be mentioned.

3 to 8-membered, preferably, 5 or 6-membered unsaturated heteromonocyclic ring containing 1 sulfur atom, for example, thienyl group, etc can be mentioned.

7 to 12-membered unsaturated condensed hetero ring containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms, for example, benzothienyl group (e.g., benzo [b]thienyl group, etc.), etc. can be mentioned.

7 to 12-membered partially saturated or unsaturated condensed hetero ring group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, benzothiazolyl, benzothadiazolyl, thienopyridyl (e.g., thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl, thieno[2,3-c]pyridyl, thieno[3,2-c]pyridyl groups, etc.), imidazothtazolyl (e.g., imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl group, etc.), dihydroimidazothiazolyl (e.g., 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl group, etc.), thienopyradinyl (e.g., thieno[2,3-b]pyradinyl group, etc.), groups, etc. can be mentioned. Preferably, thienopyridyl or benzothiazolyl groups can be mentioned.

The above heterocyclic ring can be substituted by one or more optional substituents.

As an aromatic ring, it includes, for example, C₆₋₁₄ aryl groups can be mentioned. The preferable examples of the aryl groups are a phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, acenaphthylenyl, biphenyl, indenyl groups. Among them, phenyl, naphtyl, anthryl, phenanthryl groups are preferable. The aryl groups can be partially saturated. As the partially unsaturated aryl groups are, for example, dihydroindenyl, fluorenyl, dihydroacenaphthylenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl groups. Here, the above heterocyclic rings can be substituted by one or more optional substituents.

As a saturated hydrocarbon group, it includes, for example, lower alkyl, cyclo C3-C8 alkyl groups, etc.

As an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, it includes, for example, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, phenyl groups, etc.

A characteristic group is a generic term used to refer to groups bind directly to a mother structure other than a carbon-carbon binding (atoms or atomic groups other than hydrogen), and —C≡N and >C═X (X═O, S, Se, Te, NH, NR). As the characteristic group, it includes, for example, carboxy, carbamoyl, cyano, hydroxy, amino groups, etc.

The optional substituents are the above heterocyclic rings, aromatic ring groups, saturated hydrocarbon groups, unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, characteristic groups, etc Preferably, the substituents (1-1) to (1-43) described in item 2 above can be mentioned.

Examples of the lower alkyl group can include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms), unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, isohexyl, and 3-methylpentyl groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkoxy group can include linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms), unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert -butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, isohexyloxy, and 3-methylpentyloxy groups, etc.

Examples of a halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms, unless otherwise specified.

Examples of a halogen-substituted lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups exemplified above which are substituted by 1 to 7 (more preferably 1 to 3) halogen atoms, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, bromomethyl, dibromomethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, 4,4,4,3,3-pentafluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 4-bromobutyl, 2-chlorobutyl, 5,5,5-trifluoropentyl, 5-chloropentyl, 6,6,6-trifluorohexyl, 6-chlorohexyl, and perfluorohexyl groups, etc.

Examples of a halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group can include the lower alkoxy groups exemplified above which are substituted by 1 to 7 (preferably 1 to 3) halogen atoms, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, dibromomethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2 -trifluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, heptafluoropropoxy, heptafluoroisopropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy, 4,4,4,3,3-pentafluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4-bromobutoxy, 2-chlorobutoxy, 5,5,5-trifluoropentyloxy, 5-chloropentyloxy, 6,6,6-trifluorohexyloxy, 6-chlorohexyloxy, and perfluorohexyloxy groups, etc.

Examples of a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclcoctyl groups, etc., unless otherwise specified.

Examples of a lower alkanoyl group can include linear or branched alkanoyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms), unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pentanoyl, tert -butylcarbonyl, and hexanoyl groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkylthio group can include thio groups which are substituted by linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms), unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, tert-butylthio, sec-butylthio, n-pentylthio, 1-ethylpropylthio, isopentylthio, neopentylthio, n-hexylthio, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylthio, 3,3-dimethylbutylthio, 2-ethylbutylthio, isohexylthio, and 3-methylpentylthio groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkenyl group can include linear or branched alkenyl groups having 1 to 3 double bonds and 2 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms), unless otherwise specified, and the lower alkenyl group encompasses both trans and cis forms. More specifically, it includes vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 1-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, 2-penten-4-yl, 2-hexenyl, 1-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 2-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1,3,5-hexatrienyl, 1,3-hexadienyl, and 1,4-hexadienyl groups, etc.

Examples of a hydroxy-lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups exemplified above (preferably, linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms)) which have 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl, 5-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 3,3-dimethyl -3-hydroxypropyl, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropyl, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl, and perhydroxyhexyl groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkylamino group can include amino groups having 1 to 2 of the lower alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 (more preferably 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 to 3) carbon atoms) exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, and diisopropylamino groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkylsulfamoyl group can include sulfamoyl groups having 1 to 2 of the lower alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 (more preferably 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 to 3) carbon atoms) exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes methylsulfamoyl, ethylsulfamoyl, dimethylsulfamoyl, diethylsulfamoyl, and ethylmethylsulfamoyl groups, etc.

A tri-lower alkylsilyl group can be exemplified by silyl groups which are substituted by 3 linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, n-butylethylmethylsilyl, tert -butyldipropylsilyl, n-pentyldiethylsilyl, and n-hexyl-n-propylmethylsilyl groups, etc.

Examples of a tri(lower alkyl)silyloxy-lower alkyl group can include tri(lower alkyl)silyloxy-lower alkyl groups whose lower alkyl moiety is any of the lower alkyl groups exemplified above (preferably, linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms)), unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes trimethylsilyloxymethyl, 1-(or 2-)trimethylsilyloxyethyl, 1-(or 2- or 3-)trimethylsilyloxypropyl, triethylsilyloxymethyl, 1-(or 2-)triethylsilyloxyethyl, 1-(or 2- or 3-)triethylsilyloxypropyl, triisopropylsilyloxymethyl, 1-(or 2-)triisopropylsilyloxyethyl, and 1-(or 2- or 3-)triisopropylsilyloxypropyl groups, etc.

Examples of a phenoxy-lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 (more preferably 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 to 3) carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 3, preferably 1 phenoxy group, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes phenoxymethyl, 1-phenoxyethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 3-phenoxypropyl, 2-phenoxypropyl, 4-phenoxybutyl, 5-phenoxypentyl, 4-phenoxypentyl, 6-phenoxyhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenoxypropyl, and 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenoxyethyl groups, etc.

Examples of a phenyl-lower alkoxy group can include the lower alkoxy groups (preferably linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 (more preferably 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 to 3) carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 3, preferably 1 phenyl group, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes benzyloxy, 2-phenylethoxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-phenylpropoxy, 4-phenylbutoxy, 5-phenylpentyloxy, 6-phenylhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxy, and 2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxy groups, etc.

Examples of a phenyl-lower alkenyl group can include the lower alkenyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 (more preferably 2 to 4) carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 3, preferably 1 phenyl group, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes styryl, 3-phenyl-2-propenyl (commonly called cinnamyl), 4-phenyl-2-butenyl, 4-phenyl-3-butenyl, 5-phenyl-4-pentenyl, 5-phenyl-3-pentenyl, 6-phenyl-5-hexenyl, 6-phenyl-4-hexenyl, 6-phenyl-3-hexenyl, 4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl, and 6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienyl groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkylamino-lower alkyl group can include lower alkyl groups which have 1 to 2 of the lower alkylamino groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes methylaminomethyl, ethylaminomethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, 1-(or 2-)dimethylaminoethyl, 1-(or 2- or 3-)dimethylaminopropyl, diisopropylaminomethyl, 1-(or 2-)diethylaminoethyl, and bis(dimethylamino)methyl groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkylamino-lower alkoxy group can include lower alkoxy groups which have 1 to 2 of the lower alkylamino groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes methylaminomethoxy, ethylaminomethoxy. dimethylaminomethoxy, 1-(or 2-)dimethylaminoethoxy, 1-(or 2- or 3-)dimethylaminopropoxy, diisopropylaminomethoxy, 1-(or 2-)diethylamiaoethoxy, and bis(dimethylamino)methoxy groups, etc

Examples of a dihydrobenzodioxinyl group include 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxinyl, 3,4-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]dioxinyl, and 2,4-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxinyl groups, etc.

Examples of an imidazolyl-lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 (more preferably 1 to 4) carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 3, preferably 1 imidazolyl group. More specifically, it includes 1-(or 2- or 4- or 5-)imidazolylmethyl, 1-(or 2-){1-(or 2- or 4- or 5-)imidazolyl}ethyl, and 1-(or 2- or 3-){1-(or 2- or 4- or 5-)imidazolyl}propyl groups, etc.

A dihydroindenyl group includes (1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-)-1,2-dihydroindenyl groups, etc.

A dihydroquinolyl group includes 1,2-dihydroquinolyl, 3,4-dihydroquinolyl, 1,4-dihydroquinolyl, 4a,8a-dihydroquinolyl, 5,6-dihydroquinolyl, 7,8-dihydroquinolyl, and 5,8-dihydroquinolyl groups, etc.

A fluorenyl group includes 1H-fluorenyl, 2H-fluorenyl, 3H-fluorenyl, 4aH -fluorenyl, 5H-fluorenyl, 6H-fluorenyl, 7H-fluorenyl, 8H-fluorenyl, 8aH-fluorenyl, and 9H -fluorenyl groups, etc.

A dihydrobenzofuryl group includes 2,3-dihydro-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)benzofuryl groups, etc.

A dihydrobenzoxazinyl group includes (2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-)3,4-dihydro-2H -benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl and (1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-. or 8-)2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazinyl groups, etc.

A tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group includes (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-) 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b][1.4]diazepinyland (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-)2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e][1.4]diazepinyl groups, etc.

Examples of a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group can include (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-)2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b][1.4]diazepinyl and (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-)2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e][1.4]diazepinyl groups, etc.

A dihydrobenzodioxepinyl group includes 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepinyl, 4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2-benzodioxepinyl, and 3,5-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodioxepinyl groups, etc.

Examples of a pyrrolidinyl group which may have an oxo group(s) include pyrrolidinyl group which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) oxo groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes (1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl, (2- or 3-)oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, (3-, 4-, or 5-)oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl, and (2-, 4- or 5-)oxo-3-pyrrolidinyl groups, etc.

Examples of an oxadiazolyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) can include oxadiazolyl group which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) of the lower alkyl groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 5-ethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 5-propyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 5-butyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 5-pentyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, and 5-hexyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl groups, etc.

Examples of a pyrazolyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) can include pyrazolyl group which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) of the lower alkyl groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 1-methyl-1H -pyrazolyl, 1-ethyl-1H-pyrazolyl, 1-propyl-1H-pyrazolyl, 1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolyl, 1-butyl-1H -pyrazolyl, 1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazolyl, and 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolyl groups, etc.

Examples of a thiazolyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) can include thiazolyl group which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) of the lower alkyl groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 2-methylthiazolyl, 2-ethylthiazolyl, 2-propylthiazolyl, 2-isopropylthiazolyl, 2-butylthiazolyl, 2-tert-butylthiazolyl, and 2,5-dimethylthiazolyl groups, etc.

Examples of a pyrimidyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) can include pyrimidyl group which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) of the lower alkyl groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 2-methylpyrimidyl, 2-ethylpyrimidyl, 2-propylpyrimidyl, 2-isopropylpyrimidyl, 2-butylpyrimidyl, 2-tert-butylpyrimidyl, and 2,4-dimethylpyrimidyl groups, etc.

Examples of a pyridazinyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) can include pyridazinyl group which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) of the lower alkyl groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 3-methylpyridazinyl, 3-ethylpyridazinyl, 3-propylpyridazinyl, 3-isopropylpyridazinyl, 3-butylpyridazinyl, 3-tert-butylpyridazinyl, and 3,4-dimethylpyridazinyl groups, etc.

Examples of a pyridazinyloxy group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) can include oxy group which is substituted by pyridazinyl which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) of the lower alkyl groups exemplified above, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 6-methylpyridazinyl-3-yloxy and 4-methylpyridazinyl-3-yloxy groups, etc.

Examples of a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkoxy group can include lower alkoxy groups (preferably linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 (more preferably 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 to 3) carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 3, preferably 1 pyrrolidinyl group, unless otherwise specified. Specific examples thereof include (1-, 2-, or 3-) pyrrolidinylmethoxy, 2-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]ethoxy, 1-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]ethoxy, 3-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]propoxy, 4-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]butoxy, 5-[(1-, 2-, or 3-) pyrrolidinyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, or 3-) pyrrolidinyl]ethoxy, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolidinyl]propoxy groups, etc.

Examples of a protecting group include protecting groups routinely used, such as substituted or unsubstituted lower alkanoyl [e.g, formyl, acetyl, propionyl, and trifluoroacetyl], phthaloyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl [e.g., tertiary butoxycarbonyl and tertiary amyloxycarbonyl], substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl [e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl and p -nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl], 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted arenesulfonyl [e.g., benzenesulfonyl and tosyl], nitrophenylsulfenyl, aralkyl [e.g., trityl and benzyl], and lower alkylsilyl groups [e.g., triisopropylsilyl].

Examples of a phenyl-lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 (more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 3, preferably 1 phenyl group, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes benzyl, phenethyl, 3-phenyipropyl, benzhydryl, trityl, 4 -phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, and 6-phenylhexyl groups, etc.

Examples of a morpholinyl-lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) morpholinyl groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 2-morpholinyl methyl, 3-morpholinyl methyl, 4-morpholinyl methyl, 2-(2-morpholinyl)ethyl, 2-(3-morpholinyl)ethyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl), 1-(2-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(3-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 3-(2-morpholinyl)propyl, 3-(3-morpholinyl)propyl, 3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl, 4-(2-morpholinyl)butyl, 4-(3-morpholinyl)butyl, 4-(4-morpholinyl)butyl, 5-(2-morpholinyl)pentyl, 5-(3-morpholinyl)pentyl, 5-(4-morpholinyl)pentyl, 6-(2- morpholinyl)hexyl, 6-(3- morpholinyl)hexyl, 6-(4-morpholinyl)hexyl, 3-methyl-3-(2-morpholinyl)propyl, 3-methyl-3-(3-morpholinyl)propyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-(3-morpholmyl)ethyl, and 1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl groups, etc.

Examples of a pyrrolidinyl-lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups exemplified above which have 1 to 3 (preferably 1) pyrrolidinyl groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes (1-, 2-, or 3-) pyrrolidinylmethyl, 2-[(1-, 2- or 3-) pyrrolidinyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2- or 3-)]pyrrolidinyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2- or 3-)]pyrrolidinyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2- or 3-)]pyrrolidinyl]butyl, 5-[(1-, 2- or 3-)]pyrrolidinyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2- or 3-)]pyrrolidinyl]hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2- or 3-)]pyrrolidinyl]ethyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2- or 3-)]pyrrolidinyl]propyl groups, etc.

Examples of a piperidyl-lower alkyl group can include the lower alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) exemplified above which have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) piperidyl groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes (1-, 2-, 3- or 4-) piperidylmethyl, 2-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]ethyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]ethyl, 3-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]propyl, 4-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]butyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]ethyl, 5-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]pentyl, 6-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]hexyl, 1-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]isopropyl, and 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)piperidyl]propyl groups, etc.

Examples of a lower alkoxycarbonyl group can include linear or branched alkoxy groups having preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms and having a lower alkoxycarbonyl moiety as exemplified above. More specifically, it includes methoxycarbonyl. ethoxycarbonyl, n -propxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl. isobutoxycarbonyl, tert -butoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentyloxycarbonyl, neopentyloxycarbonyl, n -hexyloxycarbonyl, isohexyloxycarbonyl. 3-methylpentyloxycarbonyl groups, etc.

Examples of a piperazinyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) include piperazinyl groups which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) lower alkyl groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 2-methyl piperazinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl, 2-ethylpiperazinyl, 2-propylpiperazinyl, 2-isopropylpiperazinyl, 2-butylpiperazinyl, 2-tert butylpiperazinyl, and 2,4-dimethylpiperazinyl groups, etc.

Examples of a piperazinyl-lower alkyl group which may have a lower alkyl group(s) include piperazinyl groups exemplified above which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) lower alkyl groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 1-(4 -methylpiperazinyl)methyl, 1-(2-methyl piperazinyl)methyl, 2-(1-methyl piperazinyl)ethyl, 3-(1-methyl piperazinyl)propyl, 4-(1-methyl piperazinyl)butyl groups, etc.

Examples of a phenyl group which may have a lower alkoxy group(s) include phenyl groups exemplified above which may have 1 to 2 (preferably 1) lower alkoxy groups, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-butoxyphenyl, 4-tert butoxyphenyl groups, etc. can be mentioned. As a phenoxy group exemplified above which may have a halogen atom(s) include phenoxy groups which may have 1 to 4 (preferably 1) halogen atoms, unless otherwise specified. More specifically, it includes 4-fluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy, and 3-chloro-4,5-difiuorophenoxy groups, etc.

A tetrahydroquinolyl group includes, for example, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolyl, 4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydroquinolyl, 3,4,4a,8a-tetrahydroquinolyl, 4a, 5,8,8a-tetrahydroquinolyl, and 4a,5,6,7-tetrahydroquinolyl groups, etc.

A dihydroacenaphthylenyl group includes, for example, 1,2-dihydroacenaphthylenyl, 2a¹, 3-dihydroacenaphthylenyl, 5,6-dihydroacenaphthylenyl, 3,7-dihydroacenaphthylenyl, 2a¹, 6-dihydroacenaphthylenyl, 1,2a¹-dihydroacenaphthylenyl, and 6,8a-dihydroacenaphthylenyl groups, etc. More preferably, it is 1,2-dihydroacenaphthylenyl group can be mentioned.

A tetrahydronaphthyl group includes, for example, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1,2,3,5-tetrahydronaphthyl, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl groups, etc. can be mentioned.

A dihydroquinazolinyl group includes, for example, 1,2-dihydroquinazolinyl, 3,4-dihydroquinazolinyl, 4a,5-dihydroquinazolinyl, 5,6-dihydroquinazolinyl, 6,7-dihydroquinazolinyl, 7,8-dihydroquinazolinyl, 8,8a-dihydroquinazolinyl, and 4a,8a -dihydroquinazolinyl groups, etc. can be mentioned.

The heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) can be produced by various methods. As an example, the heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) is produced by methods represented by the reaction formulas shown below.

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, X, l, m, and n are defined as above; and X₁ represents a leaving group.

In the general formula (3), the leaving group represented by X₁ can be exemplified by halogen atoms, lower alkanesulfonyloxy groups, arylsulfonyloxy groups, aralkylsulfonyloxy groups, trihalomethanesulfonyloxy groups, sulfonio groups, and toluenesulfoxy groups. Preferable examples of the leaving groups for the present reaction include halogen atoms.

Examples of the halogen atoms represented by X₁ can include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms.

The lower alkanesulfonyloxy groups represented by X₁ can be exemplified specifically by linear or branched alkanesulfonyloxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, n-propanesulfonyloxy, isopropanesulfonyloxy, n -butanesulfonyloxy, tert-butanesulfonyloxy, n-pentanesulfonyloxy, and n-hexanesulfonyloxy groups.

Examples of the arylsulfonyloxy groups represented by X₁ can include: phenylsulfonyloxy groups which may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, nitro groups, and halogen atoms as substituents on the phenyl ring; and naphthylsulfonyloxy groups. The phenylsulfonyloxy groups which may have the substituents can be exemplified specifically by phenylsulfonyloxy, 4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy, 2-methylphenylsulfonyloxy, 4-nitrophenylsulfonyloxy, 4-methoxyphenylsulfonyloxy, 2-nitrophenylsulfonyloxy, and 3-chlorophenylsulfonyloxy groups. The naphthylsulfonyloxy groups can be exemplified specifically by α-naphthylsulfonyloxy and β-naphthylsulfonyloxy groups.

Examples of the aralkylsulfonyloxy groups represented by X₁ can include: linear or branched alkanesulfonyloxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are substituted by a phenyl group which may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, nitro groups, and halogen atoms as substituents on the phenyl ring; and linear or branched alkanesulfonyloxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are substituted by a naphthyl group. The alkanesulfonyloxy groups which are substituted by the phenyl group can be exemplified specifically by benzylsulfonyloxy, 2-phenylethylsulfonyloxy, 4-phenylbutylsulfonyloxy, 4-methylbenzylsulfonyloxy, 2-methylbenzylsulfonyloxy, 4-nitrobenzylsulfonyloxy, 4-methoxybenzylsulfonyloxy, and 3-chlorobenzylsulfonyloxy. The alkanesulfonyloxy groups which are substituted by the naphthyl group can be exemplified specifically by α-naphthylmethylsulfonyloxy and β-naphthylmethylsulfonyloxy groups.

The perhaloalkanesulfonyloxy groups represented by X₁ can be exemplified specifically by trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy groups.

Examples of the sulfonio groups represented by X₁ can specifically include dimethylsulfonio, diethylsulfonio, dipropylsulfonio, di-(2-cyanoethyl)sulfonio, di-(2-nitroethyl)sulfonio, di-(aminoethyl)sulfonio, di-(2-methylaminoethyl)sulfonio, di-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)sulfonio, di-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonio, di-(3-hydroxypropyl)sulfonio, di-(2-methoxyethyl)sulfonio, di-(2-carbamoylethyl)sulfonio, di-(2-carbamoylethyl)sulfonio, di-(2-carboxyethyl)sulfonio, and di-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)sulfonio, and diphenylsulfonio groups.

A compound represented by the general formula (2) and the compound represented by the general formula (3) can be reacted in the presence of a palladium catalyst in the presence or absence of a basic compound without or in an inert solvent to thereby produce the compound (1).

Examples of the inert solvent can include, for example: water; ether solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and polar solvents such as N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile. These inert solvents are used alone or as a mixture of two or more of them.

The palladium compound used in the present reaction is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include: tetravalent palladium catalysts such as sodium hexachloropalladium (IV) acid tetrahydrate and potassium hexachloropalladium (IV) acid; divalent palladium catalysts such as palladium (II) chloride, palladium (II) bromide, palladium (II) acetate, palladium (II) acetylacetonate, diclorobis(benzonitrile)palladium (II), dichlorobis(acetonitrile)palladium (II), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II), dichlorotetraammine palladium (II), dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)palladium (II), and palladium (II) trifluoroacetate 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloropalladium (II)-dichloromethane complex; and zerovalent palladium catalysts such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0)-chloroform complex, and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0). These palladium compounds are used alone or as a mixture of two or more of them.

In the present reaction, the amount of the palladium catalyst used is not particularly limited and usually ranges from 0.000001 to 20 mol in terms of palladium with respect to 1 mol of the compound of the general formula (2). More preferably, the amount of the palladium compound used ranges from 0.0001 to 5 mol in terms of palladium with respect to 1 mol of the compound of the general formula (2).

The present reaction proceeds advantageously in the presence of an appropriate ligand. For example, 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINAP), tri-o -tolylphosphine, bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, triphenylphosphine, tri-t-butylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, and 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene (XANTPHOS) can be used as the ligand for the palladium catalyst. These ligands are used alone or as a mixture of two or more of them.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the tertiary phosphine may be prepared in a complex form in advance and added thereto. Examples of the complex can include tri-t -butyiphosphonium tetrafluoroborate and tri-t-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate.

The ratio between the palladium catalyst and the ligand used is not particularly limited. The amount of the ligand used is approximately 0.1 to 100 mol, preferably approximately 0.5 to 15 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the palladium catalyst.

Inorganic and organic bases known in the art can be used widely as the basic compound.

Examples of the inorganic bases can include: alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate; alkali metal bicarbonates such as lithium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium bicarbonate; alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; phosphates such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate; amides such as sodium amide; and alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride.

Examples of the organic bases can include: alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, and potassium t-butoxide; and amines such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO).

These basic compounds are used alone or as a mixture of two or more of them. More preferable examples of the basic compound used in the present reaction include alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate, and sodium t-butoxide.

The amount of the basic compound used is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the compound of the general formula (2).

The ratio between the compound of the general formula (2) and the compound of the general formula (3) used in the Reaction Formula-1 may be at least 1 mol, preferably approximately 1 to 5 mol of the latter compound with respect to 1 mol of the former compound.

The reaction can be performed in an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen or argon under the atmospheric pressure or can be performed under increased pressure.

The present reaction is usually performed under temperature conditions involving room temperature to 200° C., preferably room temperature to 150° C., and generally completed in approximately 1 to 30 hours. It is also achieved by heating at 100 to 200° C. for 5 minutes to 1 hour using a microwave reactor.

After the completion of the reaction, the reaction product can be treated by a standard method to obtain the compound of interest.

The compound represented by the general formula (2) used as a starting material in the Reaction Formula-1 is produced from compounds known in the art, for example, by methods represented by Reaction Formulas-3 and 4 shown below. The compound represented by the general formula (3) is an easily obtainable compound known in the art or a compound easily produced by a method known in the art.

wherein R², R³, R⁴, X, l, m, and n are defined as above; and R^(1a) represents a protecting group.

Examples of the protecting group include the protecting groups exemplified above.

The compound represented by the general formula (1b) can be produced by subjecting a compound represented by the general formula (1a) to the elimination reaction of the protecting group.

A method routinely used such as hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis can be applied to the elimination reaction of the protecting group.

The present reaction is usually performed in a solvent routinely used that does not adversely affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include: water; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, and ethylene glycol; ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, and diglyme; ester solvents such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N -methylpyrrolidone; halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride and ethylene chloride, and other organic solvents.

(i) Hydrolysis:

The hydrolysis is preferably performed in the presence of a base or an acid (including Lewis acids).

Inorganic and organic bases known in the art can be used widely as the base. Preferable examples of the inorganic bases include alkali metals (e.g., sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metals (e.g., magnesium and calcium), and hydrides, carbonates, or bicarbonates thereof. Preferable examples of the organic bases include trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine and triethylamine), picoline, and 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene.

Organic and inorganic acids known in the art can be used widely as the acid. Preferable examples of the organic acids include: fatty acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid; and trihaloacetic acids such as trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. Preferable examples of the inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide. Examples of the Lewis acids include boron trifluoride-ether complexes, boron tribromide, aluminum chloride, and ferric chloride.

When trihaloacetic acid or Lewis acid is used as the acid, the reaction is preferably performed in the presence of a cation scavenger (e.g., anisole and phenol).

The amount of the base or the acid used is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount necessary for hydrolysis.

The reaction temperature is usually 0 to 120° C., preferably room temperature to 100° C., more preferably room temperature to 80° C. The reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 12 hours, more preferably 1 to 8 hours.

(ii) Hydrogenolysis:

Hydrogenolysis methods known in the art can be applied widely to the hydrogenolysis. Examples of such hydrogenolysis methods include chemical reduction and catalytic reduction.

Preferable reducing agents used in chemical reduction are the combinations of hydrides (e.g., hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulfide, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, and sodium cyanoborohydride), metals (e.g., tin, zinc, and iron), or metal compounds (e.g., chromium chloride and chromium acetate) with organic or inorganic acids (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrobromic acid).

Preferable catalysts used in catalytic reduction are platinum catalysts (e.g., platinum plates, platinum sponge, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, and platinum wires), palladium catalysts (e.g., palladium sponge, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium-carbon, palladiunVbarium sulfate, and palladium/barium carbonate), nickel catalysts (e.g., reduced nickel, nickel oxide, and Raney nickel), cobalt catalysts (e.g., reduced cobalt and Raney cobalt), iron catalysts (e.g., reduced iron), etc.

When these acids used in chemical reduction are in a liquid state, they can also be used as solvents.

The amount of the reducing agent used in chemical reduction or the catalyst used in catalytic reduction is not particularly limited and may be an amount usually used.

The reaction of the present invention can be performed in an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen or argon under the atmospheric pressure or can be performed under increased pressure.

The reaction temperature is usually 0 to 120° C., preferably room temperature to 100° C., more preferably room temperature to 80° C. The reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 4 hours.

After the completion of the reaction, the reaction product can be treated by a standard method to obtain the compound of the general formula (1b) of interest.

The deprotection reaction of the protecting group is not limited to the reaction conditions described above. For example, reaction described in T. W. Green, PGM. Wuts, “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, 4th ed., or John Wiley & Sons; New York, 1991, P. 309 can also be applied to the present reaction step.

The compound represented by the general formula (2) is a novel compound, which is useful as an intermediate for the compound represented by the general formula (1), as described above.

The compound of the general formula (2) is produced according to, for example, Reaction Formulas-3, 4, or 5 shown below.

Hereinafter, each reaction formula will be described.

wherein R¹, R², R³, X, l, m, and n are defined as above.

The compound represented by the general formula (2a) is produced by subjecting a compound represented by the general formula (4) and a compound represented by the general formula (5) to cyclization reaction to form a compound represented by the general formula (6) (Step A), which is then reduced (Step B).

Step A

The reaction between the compound represented by the general formula (4) and the compound represented by the general formula (5) can be performed in the presence or absence of a base without or in an inert solvent.

Examples of the inert solvent can include, for example: water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.

Basic compounds known in the art can be used widely. Examples thereof can include: alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate; alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; other inorganic bases such as sodium amide, sodium hydride, and potassium hydride; alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, and potassium ethoxide; and other organic bases such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazacyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO).

These basic compounds are used alone or as a mixture of two or more of them.

The amount of the basic compound used is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, with respect to the compound of the general formula (4).

The reaction can be performed by adding, if necessary, alkali metal iodide (e.g., potassium iodide and sodium iodide) as a reaction promoter.

The ratio between the compound of the general formula (4) and the compound of the general formula (5) used in the reaction formula may be usually at least 0.5 mol, preferably approximately 0.5 to 5 mol of the latter compound with respect to 1 mol of the former compound.

The reaction of the present invention can be performed in an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen or argon under the atmospheric pressure or can be performed under increased pressure.

The reaction is usually performed under temperature conditions involving 0° C. to 200° C., preferably room temperature to 150° C., and generally completed in approximately 1 to 30 hours.

The compound of the general formula (4) and the compound of the general formula (5) used as starting materials in the Step A are easily obtainable compounds known in the art or compounds easily produced by a method known in the art.

Step B

The compound represented by the general formula (2a) can be produced by subjecting the compound represented by the general formula (6) to reduction reaction without or in an inert solvent.

Examples of such reduction methods include chemical reduction and catalytic reduction.

Examples of the inert solvent can include, water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and polar solvents such as N.N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.

Preferable reducing agents used in chemical reduction are the combinations of hydrides (e.g., hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulfide, lithium aluminum hydride, boron hydride, sodium borohydride, and sodium cyanoborohydride), metals (e.g., tin, zinc, and iron), or metal compounds (e.g., chromium chloride and chromium acetate) with organic or inorganic acids (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrobromic acid).

Preferable catalysts used in catalytic reduction are platinum catalysts (e.g., platinum plates, platinum sponge, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, and platinum wires), palladium catalysts (e.g., palladium sponge, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium-carbon, palladium/barium sulfate, and palladium/barium carbonate), nickel catalysts (e.g., reduced nickel, nickel oxide, and Raney nickel), cobalt catalysts (e.g., reduced cobalt and Raney cobalt), iron catalysts (e.g., reduced iron), etc.

When these acids used in chemical reduction are in a liquid state, they can also be used as solvents.

The amount of the reducing agent used in chemical reduction or the catalyst used in catalytic reduction is not particularly limited and may be an amount usually used.

The reaction of the present invention can be performed in an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen or argon under the atmospheric pressure or can be performed under increased pressure.

The reaction temperature is usually 0 to 120° C., preferably room temperature to 100° C., more preferably room temperature to 80° C. The reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 4 hours.

After the completion of the reaction, the reaction product can be treated by a standard method to obtain the compound of the general formula (2a) of interest.

wherein R¹, R², R³, X, l, m, and n are defined as above.

The compound represented by the general formula (2b) is produced by subjecting the compound represented by the general formula (4) and a compound represented by the general formula (7) to cyclization reaction to form a compound represented by the general formula (8) (Step C), which is then reduced (Step D). The reaction conditions are the same reaction conditions as in the Reaction Formula-3.

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, l, m, n, and X are defined as above; and Y and Z, which are the same or different, each independently represent a leaving group.

Examples of the leaving groups represented by Y and Z in the general formula (9) include the leaving groups exemplified above.

Step E

The compound represented by the general formula (2) can be produced by subjecting the compound represented by the general formula (4) and a compound represented by the general formula (9) to cyclization reaction. The cyclization reaction is usually performed in the presence or absence of a basic compound.

The present reaction is usually performed in a solvent routinely used that does not adversely affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include: water; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, and ethylene glycol; ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, and diglyme; ester solvents such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N -methylpyrrolidone; halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride and ethylene chloride; and other organic solvents.

A transition metal catalyst and a ligand may be used in this reaction. Examples of the transition metal include ruthenium chloride, dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium, dibromotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium, dihydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium, (η⁴-cyclooctadiene)(η⁶-cyclooctatriene)ruthenium, dichlorotricarbonylruthenium dimers, dodecacarbonyltriruthenium, (η⁵-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chloro(η⁴-cyclooctatriene)ruthenium, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, rhodium chloride, chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium, hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium, hydridotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium, di-μ-chlorotetracarbonyldirhodium, chlorocarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)iridium, (η⁵-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dichloroiridium dimers, nickel tetrakis(triphenylphosphine), dicobaltoctacarbonyl, and (η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylcobalt.

Examples of the ligand include: unidentate phosphine ligands typified by trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, tri-n-propyl phosphine, tri-i-propylphosphine, tri-n -butylphosphine, tri-t-butylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, and tri(o -tolyl)phosphine; bidentate phosphine ligands typified by 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and 1,2-(diethylphosphino)ethane; and phosphite ligands typified by triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, and tri(o-tolyl) phosphite.

This reaction may be performed in the presence of a base. Inorganic and organic bases known in the art can be used widely as the base. Examples of the inorganic bases include alkali metals (e.g., sodium and potassium), alkali metal bicarbonates (e.g., lithium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium bicarbonate), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and cesium hydroxide), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and cesium carbonate), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide), and alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride and potassium hydride). Examples of the organic bases include trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, and N-ethyldiisopropylamine), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N -methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). When these bases are in a liquid state, they can also be used as solvents. These bases are used alone or as a mixture of two or more of them. The amount of the base used is usually 0.1 to 10 mol, preferably 0.1 to 3 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the compound of the general formula (7).

The reaction can also be performed in the presence of a mixture of an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent.

Examples of the oxidizing agent include manganese dioxide, chromic acid, lead tetraacetate, silver oxide, copper oxide, halogen acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (Swern oxidation), organic peroxides, and oxygen. A method such as electrode oxidation may be used.

Examples of the reducing agent include borohydride reagents such as sodium borohydride and aluminum hydride reagents such as lithium aluminum hydride.

The ratio between the compound of the general formula (9) and the compound of the general formula (4) used in the reaction formula is usually at least 1 mol, preferably approximately 1 to 5 mol of the former compound with respect to 1 mol of the latter compound.

The reaction of the present invention can be performed in an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen or argon under the atmospheric pressure or can be performed under increased pressure.

The reaction temperature is not particularly limited. The reaction is usually performed under cooling, at room temperature, or under heating. The reaction is preferably performed under temperature conditions involving room temperature to 100° C., for 30 minutes to 30 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 5 hours.

After the completion of the reaction, the reaction product can be treated by a standard method to obtain the compound of the general formula (2) of interest.

Examples of preferable salts of the compound of the general formula (1) include pharmacologically acceptable salts, for example: metal salts such as alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salt and potassium salt) and alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salt and magnesium salt); ammonium salt; salts of inorganic bases such as alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and cesium carbonate), alkali metal bicarbonates (e.g., lithium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium bicarbonate), and alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and cesium hydroxide); salts of organic bases such as tri-(lower) alkylamine (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, and N-ethyldiisopropylamine), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-(lower) alkyl-morpholine (e.g., N -methylmorpholine), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO); inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate; and organic acid salts such as formate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, malate, citrate, tartrate, carbonate, picrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, p -toluenesulfonate, and glutamate.

Moreover, compounds in a form of a solvate (e.g., a hydrate or an ethanolate) added to the raw material or the compound of interest shown in each reaction formula are also included in each general formula. Preferable examples of the solvate include hydrates.

Each compound of interest obtained according to each of the reaction formulas can be isolated and purified from the reaction mixture, for example, by separating, after cooling, the reaction mixture into a crude reaction product by isolation procedures such as filtration, concentration, and extraction and subjecting the crude reaction product to usual purification procedures such as column chromatography and recrystallization.

The compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention also encompasses isomers such as geometric isomers, stereoisomers, and optical isomers, of course.

Various isomers can be isolated by a standard method using difference in physicochemical properties among the isomers. For example, racemic compounds can be converted to sterically pure isomers by a general optical resolution method [e.g., method involving conversion to diastereomeric salts with a general optically active acid (tartaric acid, etc.) and subsequent optical resolution]. Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated by, for example, fractional crystallization or chromatography. Optically active compounds can also be produced using appropriate optically active starting materials.

The present invention also encompasses isotope-labeled compounds which are the same as the compound represented by the general formula (1) except that one or more atom(s) is substituted by one or more atoms(s) having a particular atomic mass or mass number. Examples of the isotope that can be incorporated in the compound of the present invention include hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine isotopes such as ²H, ³H, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸F, and ³⁶Cl. These particular isotope-labeled compounds of the present invention containing any of the isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms, for example, radioisotope (e.g., ³H and ¹⁴C)-incorporated compounds, are useful in assay for the distribution of drugs and/or substrates in tissues. Tritiated (i.e., ³H) and carbon-14 (i.e., ¹⁴C) isotopes are particularly preferable because of their easy preparation and detectability. Furthermore, substitution by heavier isotopes such as heavy hydrogen (i.e., ²H) can be expected to bring about particular therapeutic advantages attributed to improved metabolic stability, for example, increased in-vivo half-life, or reduced necessary doses. The isotope-labeled compounds of the present invention can be prepared generally by substituting an unlabeled reagent by an easily obtainable isotope-labeled reagent by a method disclosed in the reaction formulas and/or Examples below.

A pharmaceutical preparation comprising the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient will be described.

The pharmaceutical preparation is obtained by making the compound of the present invention into usual dosage forms of pharmaceutical preparations and prepared using a diluent and/or an excipient usually used, such as fillers, extenders, binders, humectants, disintegrants, surfactants, and lubricants.

Such a pharmaceutical preparation can be selected from among various forms according to a therapeutic purpose. Typical examples thereof include tablets, pills, powders, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules, capsules, suppositories, and injections (solutions, suspensions, etc.).

Carries known in the art for use for forming a tablet form can be used widely. Examples thereof include: excipients such as lactose, sucrose, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and crystalline cellulose; binders such as water, ethanol, propanol, simple syrup, glucose solutions, starch solutions, gelatin solutions, carboxymethylcellulose, shellac, methylcellulose, potassium phosphate, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; disintegrants such as dry starch, sodium alginate, agar powder, laminaran powder, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid monoglyceride, starch, and lactose; disintegration inhibitors such as sucrose, stearin, cacao butter, and hydrogenated oil; absorption promoters such as quaternary ammonium bases and sodium lauryl sulfate; humectants such as glycerin and starch; adsorbents such as starch, lactose, kaolin, bentonite, and colloidal silicic acid; and lubricants such as purified talc, stearate, boric acid powder, and polyethylene glycol.

Furthermore, the tablets can be coated, if necessary, with a usual coating material to prepare, for example, sugar-coated tablets, gelatin-coated tablets, enteric coated tablets, film -coated tablets, and bilayer or multilayer tablets.

Carries known in the art for use for forming a pill form can be used widely. Examples thereof include: excipients such as glucose, lactose, starch, cacao butter, hydrogenated plant oil, kaolin, and talc; binders such as gum arabic powder, powdered tragacanth, gelatin, and ethanol; and disintegrants such as laminaran and agar.

Carries known in the art for use for forming a suppository form can be used widely. Examples thereof include polyethylene glycol, cacao butter, higher alcohol, esters of higher alcohol, gelatin, and semisynthetic glyceride.

When the compound represented by the general formula (1) is prepared as injections, solutions, emulsions, and suspensions are preferably sterile and isotonic with blood. Diluents known in the art for use for forming forms of these solutions, emulsions, and suspensions can be used widely. Examples thereof include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters. In this case, the pharmaceutical preparation may contain common salt, glucose, or glycerin in an amount sufficient for preparing an isotonic solution and may contain usual solubilizers, buffers, soothing agents, and the like, and if necessary, coloring agents, preservatives, perfumes, flavoring agents, sweetening agents, and the like, and/or other drugs.

The amount of the compound of the present invention contained in the pharmaceutical preparation is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately from within a wide range. The compound of the present invention is usually contained in an amount of preferably approximately 1 to 70% by weight in the pharmaceutical preparation.

A method for administering the pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention is not particularly limited. The pharmaceutical preparation is administered by a method according to various dosage forms, the age, sex, and disease state of a patient, and other conditions. For example, tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules, and capsules are orally administered. Moreover, injections can be administered through an intravenous route alone or as a mixture with a usual replacement fluid such as glucose or amino acid or can be administered alone through intramuscular, intradermal, hypodermic, or intraperitoneal route, if necessary. Suppositories are rectally administered.

The dose of the pharmaceutical preparation may be selected appropriately according to use, the age, sex, and disease state of a patient, and other conditions. The pharmaceutical preparation is usually administered once or several times a day at a daily dose of approximately 0.001 to 100 mg, preferably approximately 0.001 to 50 mg, per kg of body weight.

The dose varies depending on various conditions. Thus, in some cases, a dose smaller than this range suffices. In other cases, a dose exceeding this range is required.

A heterocyclic compound of the present invention has reuptake inhibitory effects on 1, 2, or 3 monoamines (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine).

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention has remarkably strong uptake inhibitory activity in in-vitro or ex-vivo tests on any one, any two, or all of the 3 monoamines, compared with existing compounds having monoamine uptake inhibitory activity. Moreover, the heterocyclic compound of the present invention exhibits remarkably strong activity in brain microdialysis study against increase in any one, any two, or all of the 3 monoamines, compared with existing compounds having monoamine uptake inhibitory activity.

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention has a wide therapeutic spectrum, compared with antidepressants known in the art.

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention exerts sufficient therapeutic effects even in short-term administration.

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention has excellent bioavailability, weak inhibitory activity on metabolic enzymes in the liver, few side effects, and excellent safety.

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention is excellent in transfer into the brain.

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention also exerts strong activity in a mouse forced swimming test used in depression screening. Moreover, the heterocyclic compound of the present invention also exerts strong activity in a rat forced swimming test used in depression screening. Moreover, the heterocyclic compound of the present invention also exerts strong activity in a reserpine-induced hypothermia test used in depression screening.

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention exerts strong activity in a marble burying behavior test of anxiety or stress disease model mice and in fear-conditioned stress models.

The heterocyclic compound of the present invention has reuptake inhibitory effects on 1, 2, or 3 monoamines (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) and is therefore effective for treating various disorders associated with the reduced neurotransmission of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine.

Such disorders include depression (e.g.: major depressive disorder; bipolar I disorder; bipolar II disorder; mixed state; dysthymic disorder; rapid cycler; atypical depression; seasonal affective disorder; postpartum depression; hypomelancholia; recurrent brief depressive disorder; refractory depression/chronic depression; double depression; alcohol-induced mood disorder; mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, depression caused by various physical diseases such as Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Addison's disease, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dementia, brain infarct, brain hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, diabetes mellitus, virus infection, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, coronary artery disease, pain, and cancer, etc.; presenile depression; senile depression; depression in children and adolescents; depression induced by drugs such as interferon, etc.), depression status caused by adjustment disorder, anxiety caused by adjustment disorder, anxiety caused by various diseases [e.g.: nerve disorders (head injury, brain infection, and inner ear impairment); cardiovascular disorders (cardiac failure and arrhythmia); endocrine disorders (hyperadrenalism and hyperthyroidism); and respiratory disorders (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)], generalized anxiety disorder, phobia (e.g., agoraphobia, social fear, simple phobia, social phobia, social anxiety disorder, ereuthrophobia, anthrophobia, acrophobia, odontophobia, trypanophobia, specific phobia, simple phobia, animal phobia, claustrophobia, nyctophobia and phobic anxiety), obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress syndrome, hypochondriasis disorder, dissociative amnesia, avoidant personality disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity, chemical dependence (e.g., addition to alcohol, cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, and benzodiazepines), pain (e.g., chronic pain, psychogenic pain, neuropathic pain, phantom limb pain, postherpetic neuralgia, traumatic cervical syndrome, spinal cord injury (SCI) pain, trigeminal neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy), fibromyalgia (FMS), Alzheimer's disease, memory deficit (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorder, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's disease (e.g., non-motor/psychotic symptoms, dementia in Parkinson disease, neuroleptic-induced Parkinson's syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia), restless leg diseases, endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperprolactinemia), vasospasm (particularly, in the cerebral vasculature), cerebellar ataxia, gastrointestinal disorders (which encompass changes in secretion and motility), negative syndromes of schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, stress urinary incontinence, Tourette's Disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, Asperger syndrome, impulse control disorder, trichotillomania, kleptomania, gambling disorder, cluster headache, migraine, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, chronic fatigue syndrome, precocious ejaculation, male impotence, narcolepsy, primary hypersomnia, cataplexy, sleep apnea syndrome and headache (associated with angiopathy).

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Reference Examples, Examples, and Pharmacological Tests. The chemical structures of racemic bodies and optically active forms are indicated, for example, as shown

Racemic Body

Relative Configuration

Optically Active Form Absolute Configuration

Reference Example 1 Production of cis-3,3-dimethyloctahydrocyclopentapyrazin-2-one

Relative Configuration

90% acetone cyanohydrin (9.79 g, 104 mmol) was added to an aqueous (100 mL) solution of cis-cyclopentane-1,2-diamine (9.88 g, 98.6 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 16 hours. The solvent was removed from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure, followed by azeotropy with ethanol. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride/methanol= 1/10) to obtain cis -3,3-dimethyloctahydrocyclopentapyrazin-2-one (5.00 g, 30%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.20 (1H,brs), 1.34 (3H,s), 1.39 (3H,s), 1.40-2.20 (6H,m), 3.50-3.70 (2H,m), 5.89 (1H,brs).

Compounds of Reference Examples 2 to 12 shown below were produced in the same way as in Reference Example 1 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 2 Trans-3,3-dimethyloctahydrocyclopentapyrazin-2-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.26-1.55 (9H,m), 1.75-2.00 (4H,m), 2.85-3.02 (1H,m), 3.05-3.20 (1H,m), 6.02 (1H,brs).

Reference Example 3 Cis-3,3-dimethylhexahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyrazin-2-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.37 (3H,s), 1.40 (3H,s), 1.50-1.85 (1H,br), 3.73-4.10 (6H,m), 6.02-6.22 (1H,br).

Reference Example 4 Trans-3,3-dimethylhexahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyrazin-2-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.38-1.43 (1H,br), 1.44 (3H,s), 1.47 (3H,s), 3.38-3.52 (1H,m), 3.52-3.65 (3H,m), 4.00-4.14 (2H,m), 6.28-6.45 (1H,br).

Reference Example 5 (4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-2-one

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.14-1.37 (6H,m), 1.38 (3H,s), 1.42 (3H,s), 1.69 (1H,brs), 1.74-1.84 (2H,m), 2.57-2.65 (1H,m), 2.96-3.04 (1H,m), 5.61 (1H,s)

Reference Example 6 (4aR,8aR)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-2-one

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.14-1.37 (6H,m), 1.38 (3H,s), 1.42 (3H,s), 1.63 (1H,brs), 1.73-1.83 (2H,m), 2.57-2.66 (1H,m), 2.95-3.04 (1H,m), 5.55 (1H,s)

Reference Example 7 Trans-3,3-diethyloctahydroquinoxalin-2-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.92 (3H,t,J=7.5 Hz), 0.93 (3H,t,J=7.3 Hz), 1.13-1.49 (7H,m), 1.60-1.99 (6H,m), 2.55-2.60 (1H,m), 2.91-3.00 (1H,m), 5.69 (1H,brs)

Reference Example 8 Trans-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2,-quinoxalin]-3′-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.14-1.46 (4H,m), 1.70-2.17 (9H,m), 2.43-2.52 (1H,m), 2.55-2.66 (1H,m), 2.78-2.88 (1H,m), 2.97-3.06 (1H,m), 5.65 (1H,brs)

Reference Example 9 Cis-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxalin]-3′-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.1-1.3 (1H,m), 1.35-2.15 (12H,m), 2.5-2.6 (1H,m), 2.75-2.85 (1H,m), 3.15-3.3 (2H,m), 5.65 (1H,br).

Reference Example 10 Trans-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-quinoxalin]-3′-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.18-1.88 (18H,m), 2.03-2.13 (1H,m), 2.47-2.58 (1H,m), 2.92-3.00 (1H,m), 5.59 (1H,s)

Reference Example 11 Cis-3,3-dimethyldecahydrocycloheptapyrazin-2-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.12-2.00 (16H,m), 2.03-2.20 (1H,m), 3.35-3.55 (2H,m), 5.88 (1H, brs).

Reference Example 12 Trans-3,3-dimethyldecahydrocycloheptapyrazin-2-one

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.35 (3H,s), 1.39 (3H,s), 1.42-1.90 (11H,m), 2.73-2.85 (1H,m), 3.13-3.26 (1H,m), 5.51 (1H,brs).

Reference Example 13 Production of cis-4,4-dimethyloctahydrocyclopenta[b][1,4]diazepin-2-one

Relative Configuration

A toluene (200 mL) suspension of cis-cyclopentane-1,2-diamine (19.7 g, 197 mmol) and 3-methyl-2-butenoic acid (19.7 g, 197 mmol) was stirred under reflux for 24 hours under azeotropic conditions using a Dean-Stark apparatus. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then concentrated under reduced pressure, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was washed with ether and then dried to obtain cis -4,4-dimethyloctahydrocyclopenta[b][1,4]diazepin-2-one (8.60 g, 24%) in a light brown powder form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.10-1.56 (10H,m), 1.65-1.80 (1H,m), 2.02-2.30 (3H,m), 2.60 (1H, d,J=12.8 Hz), 3.18-3.37 (1H,m), 3.68-3.85 (1H,m), 5.73 (1H,brs).

Compounds of Reference Examples 14 and 15 below were produced in the same way as in Reference Example 13 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 14 (5aS,9aS)-4,4-dimethyldecahydro[b][1,4]diazepin-2-one

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.00-1.45 (11H,m), 1.63-1.83 (3H,m), 1.83-2.00 (1H,m), 2.31-2.43 (1H,m), 2.65-2.81 (2H,m), 3.00-3.16 (1H,m), 5.54-5.90 (1H,br).

Reference Example 15 (5aR,9aR)-4,4-dimethyldecahydro[b][1,4]diazepin-2-one

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.02-1.36 (11H,m), 1.64-1.83 (3H,m), 1.83-1.97 (1H,m), 2.37 (1H, dd,J=2.4, 13.9 Hz), 2.66-2.81 (2H,m), 3.01-3.15 (1H,m), 5.75-5.92 (1H,brs).

Reference Example 16 Production of cis-2,2-dimethyloctahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]pyrazine

Relative Configuration

Lithium aluminum hydride (541 mg, 14.3 mmol) was added to an anhydrous dioxane (40 mL) solution of cis-3,3-dimethyloctahydrocyclopentapyrazin-2-one (2.00 g, 11.9 mmol) with stirring at room temperature, and the mixture was gradually heated and stirred for 10 minutes under reflux. The reaction mixture was cooled to ice temperature. Then, sodium sulfate decahydrate was added thereto in small portions until no hydrogen gas was generated. Then, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane= 1/10) to obtain cis-2,2-dimethyloctahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]pyrazine (1.67 g, 91%) in a pale yellow oil form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.04 (3H,s), 1.16 (3H,s), 1.28-2.02 (8H,m), 2.37 (1H,d,J=12.9 Hz), 2.70 (1H,d,J=12.9 Hz), 3.00-3.15 (1H,m), 3.15-3.32 (1H,m).

Compounds of Reference Examples 17 to 34 below were produced in the same way as in Reference Example 16 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 17 Trans-2,2-dimethyloctahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]pyrazine

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.08 (3H,s), 1.19-1.92 (11H,m), 2.15-2.30 (1H,m), 2.55-2.74 (2H,m), 2.77 (1H,d,J=12.2 Hz).

Reference Example 18 Cis-2,2-dimethyldecahydrocyclopenta[b][1,4]diazepine

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.11 (3H,s), 1.14 (3H,s), 1.15-1.45 (6H,m), 1.55-1.67 (1H,m), 1.67-1.77 (1H,m), 1.97-2.12 (2H,m), 2.68-2.80 (1H,m), 2.98-3.11 (2H,m), 3.16-3.28 (1H,m).

Reference Example 19 Cis-2,2-dimethyloctahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyrazine

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.08 (3H,s), 1.18 (3H,s), 1.40-1.80 (2H,br), 2.41(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 2.69 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.33-3.43 (1H,m), 3.43-3.55 (1H,m), 3.63-3.72 (1H,m), 3.75-3.96 (3H,m).

Reference Example 20 Trans-2,2-dimethyloctahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyrazine

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.13 (3H,s), 1.30 (3H,s), 1.44-1.65 (2H,m), 2.64-2.78 (2H,m), 2.83 (1H,d,J=12.2 Hz), 3.11-3.22 (1H,m), 3.46 (1H,dd,J=7.3, 10.5 Hz), 3.55 (1H dd,J=7.4,10.5 Hz), 3.94 (1H,t,J=7.1 Hz), 4.00 (1H,t,J=7.2 Hz).

Reference Example 21 Cis-2,2-dimethyldecahydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.08 (3H,s), 1.13 (3H,s), 1.18-1.84 (12H,m), 2.65-2.93 (3H,m), 3.14-3.22 (1H,m).

Reference Example 22 (5aS,9aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.00-1.35 (11H,m), 1.50-1.85 (7H,m), 2.20-2.31 (1H,m), 2.31-2.43 (1H,m), 2.79-2.90 (1H,m), 2.90-3.04 (1H,m).

Reference Example 23 (5aR,9aR)-2,2-dimethyldecahydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.00-1.35 (11H,m), 1.50-1.85 (7H,m), 2.20-2.31 (1H,m), 2.31-2.43 (1H,m), 2.79-2.90 (1H,m), 2.90-3.04 (1H,m).

Reference Example 24 Cis-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.06 (3H,s), 1.19 (3H,s), 1.20-1.40 (5H,m), 1.53-1.60 (3H,m), 1.70-1.77 (1H,m), 1.92-2.15 (1H,m), 2.36 (1H,d,J=12.7 Hz), 2.66-2.72 (1H,m), 2.72 (1H,d,J=12.7 Hz), 3.16-3.28 (1H,m).

Reference Example 25 Trans-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05 (3H,s), 1.08-1.74 (10H,m), 1.23 (3H,s), 2.02-2.12 (1H,m), 2.40-2.50 (1H,m), 2.60 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz), 2.73 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz).

Reference Example 26 (4aS,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.01-1.43 (6H,m), 1.05 (3H,s), 1.23 (3H,s), 1.58-1.63 (1H,m), 1.68 -1.74 (3H,m), 2.03-2.19 (1H,m), 2.40-2.49 (1H,m), 2.60 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz), 2.73 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz).

Reference Example 27 (4aR,8aR)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05 (3H,s), 1.09-1.56 (6H,m), 1.23 (3H,s), 1.58-1.63 (1H,m), 1.66-1.75 (3H,m), 2.03-2.12 (1H,m), 2.41-2.50 (1H,m), 2.61 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz), 2.75 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz).

Reference Example 28 Trans-2,2-diethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.79 (3H,t,J=7.5 Hz), 0.81 (3H,t,J=7.5 Hz), 0.86-1.02 (1H,m), 1.08-1.40 (8H m), 1.47-1.60 (2H m), 1.67-1.87 (3H,m), 2.06-2.15 (1H,m), 2.33-2.42 (1H,m), 2.57 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz), 2.81 (1H,d,J=12.1 Hz).

Reference Example 29 Trans-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Relative Configuration

Reference Example 30 Cis-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Relative Configuration

Reference Example 31 Trans-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.10-1.97 (18H,m), 2.10-2.21 (1H,m), 2.29-2.38 (1H,m), 2.71 (1H,d, J=12.2 Hz), 2.76 (1H,d,J=12.2 Hz).

Reference Example 32 Trans-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.12-1.76 (20H,m), 2.12-2.20 (1H,m), 2.44-2.53 (1H,m), 2.55 (1H,d, J=12.2 Hz), 2.98 (1H,d,J=12.2 Hz).

Reference Example 33 Cis-2,2-dimethyldecahydro-1H-cyclohepta[b]pyrazine

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.00-2.02 (18H,m), 2.42 (1H,d,J=12.4 Hz), 2.58 (1H,d,J=12.4 Hz), 2.75-2.86 (1H,m), 3.13-3.25 (1H,m).

Reference Example 34 Trans-2,2-dimethyldecahydro-1H-cyclohepta[b]pyrazine

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05 (3H,s), 1.21 (3H,s), 1.23-1.80 (12H,m), 2.09-2.20 (1H,m), 2.46-2.60 (2H,m), 2.68 (1H,d,J=11.8 Hz).

Reference Example 35 Production of (2RS,4aSR,8aSR)-2-ethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Relative Configuration

Dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium (III) dimer (70 mg, 0.090 mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (73 mg, 0.87 mmol) were added to an aqueous (20 mL) solution of trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (2.00 g, 17.5 mmol) and (±)-1,2-butanediol (1.69 mL, 18.4 mmol) with stirring at room temperature. Degassing and argon substitution were repeated 3 times, and the mixture was then stirred for 24 hours under reflux. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride/methanol) to obtain (2R*,4aS*,8aS*)-2-ethyldecahydroquinoxaline (2.03 g, yield: 69%) in a yellow solid form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.92 (3H,t,J=7.5 Hz), 1.10-1.60 (7H,m), 1.64-1.83 (5H,m), 2.16-2.31 (2H,m), 2.44 (1H,dd,J=11.5, 10.4 Hz), 2.58-2.67 (1H,m), 3.02 (1H,dd,J=11.5, 2.7 Hz).

Reference Example 36 Production of (4aS,8aS)-1-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

Benzaldehyde (3.05 mL, 30.0 mmol) was added to a methanol (300 mL) solution of (1S,2S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (3.43 g, 30.0 mmol) with stirring at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred overnight at the same temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. Sodium borohydride (2.27 g, 60.0 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture, water (30 mL) was added, and the product was extracted twice with methylene chloride (50 mL). The organic layers were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was then distilled off under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane) to obtain (1S,2S)-N-benzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (cas no. 207450-11-1) (2.95 g, yield: 48%) in a pale yellow oil form.

The obtained (1S,2S)-N-benzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (2.90 g, 14.2 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (284 nL). To the solution, 60% sodium hydride (1.99 g, 49.7 mmol) was added with ice-cooling and stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere. After 5 minutes, (2-bromoethyl)diphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (6.92 g, 15.6 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture with ice-cooling and stirring, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. To the reaction mixture, a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride was added dropwise in small portions, and the product was then extracted twice with methylene chloride (100 mL). The organic layers were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was then distilled off under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by NH-silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane) to obtain (4aS,8aS)-1-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline (2.28 g, 70%) in a light brown solid form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05-1.4 (4H,m), 1.50 (1H,br), 1.6-1.9 (4H,m), 2.05-2.2 (1H,m), 2.2-2.3 (1H,m), 2.4-2.5 (1H,m), 2.65-2.75 (1H,m), 2.8-2.95 (2H,m), 3.14 (1H,d,J=13.4 Hz), 4.11 (1H,d,J=13.4 Hz), 7.15-7.4 (5H,m).

Compounds of Reference Examples 37 to 39 below were produced in the same way as in Reference Example 36 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 37 (4aS,8aS)-1-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05-1.4 (4H,m), 1.50 (1H,br), 1.6-1.9 (4H,m), 2.05-2.2 (1H,m), 2.2-2.3 (1H,m), 2.4-2.5 (1H,m), 2.65-2.75 (1H,m), 2.8-2.95 (2H,m), 3.13 (1H,d,J=13.4 Hz), 4.11 (1H,d,J=13.4Hz), 7.15-7.4 (5H,m).

Reference Example 38 Cis-decahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05-1.15 (1H,m), 1.2-1.75 (19H,m), 1.75-1.85 (1H,m), 1.85-2.2 (1H,m), 3.70 (1H,br), 4.83 (1H,br).

Reference Example 39 Cis-1-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline

Relative Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.0-2.0 (10H,m), 2.2-2.4 (1H,m), 2.45-2.7 (2H,m), 2.75-3.1 (2H, m), 3.63 (2H,br), 7.05-7.45 (5H,m).

Reference Example 40 Production of (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

Reference Example 41 (4aS,8aR)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

(−)-dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid monohydrate (13.8 g, 36.7 mmol) in ethanol (140 mL) was added to an ethanol (140 mL) solution of cis-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (13.7 g, 81.4 mmol) with stirring at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes under reflux and cooled to room temperature, and the deposited white crystal was then collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was washed with ethanol (20 mL) and then dried to obtain a white solid <1> (13.1 g). The filtrate and washes obtained in obtaining the solid <1> were concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in ethanol (100 mL). To the solution, an ethanol (130 mL) solution of (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid (13.1 g, 36.6 mmol) was added with stirring at room temperature, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was washed with ethanol (20 mL) and then dried to obtain a light brown solid <2> (16.6 g).

A methanol (130 mL)/water (10 mL) suspension of the solid <1> was stirred for 30 minutes under reflux. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The deposited crystal was washed with methanol (10 mL) and then dried to obtain (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline dibenzoyl-L -tartrate (11.4 g, 21.6 mmol) in a white solid form (the absolute configuration of cis-2.2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline was determined by the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the white solid). This solid was dissolved in a 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (44 mL), and the product was extracted with ether (100 mL) three times and with methylene chloride (100 mL) three times. The extracted organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (3.44 g, yield: 25%) in a white solid form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.06 (3H,s), 1.20 (3H,s), 1.2-1.4 (4H,m), 1.45-1.95 (5H,m), 1.95-2.15 (1H,m), 2.36 (1H,d,J=12.7 Hz), 2.65-2.75 (2H,m), 3.15-3.25 (1H,m).

A methanol (130 mL)/water (10 mL) suspension of the solid <2> was stirred for 1 hour under reflux. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The deposited crystal was washed with methanol (10 mL) and then dried to obtain (4aS,8aR)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline dibenzoyl-D -tartrate (16.0 g, 30.4 mmol) in a white solid form. This solid was dissolved in a 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (65 mL), and the product was extracted with methylene chloride (100 mL) three times. The extracted organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain (4aS,8aR)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (4.63 g, yield: 34%) in a light brown solid form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.06 (3H,s), 1.19 (3H,s), 1.2-1.45 (5H,m), 1.45-1.65 (3H,m), 1.65-1.8 (1H,m), 1.95-2.15 (1H,m), 2.36 (1H,d,J=12.7 Hz), 2.6-2.8 (2H,m), 3.15-3.25 (1H,m).

Compounds of Reference Examples 42 to 45 below were produced in the same way as in Reference Examples 40 and 41 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 42 (4a′R,8a′S)-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.20-2.20 (16H,m), 2.69 (1H,d,J=12.4 Hz), 2.72-2.82 (1H,m), 2.87-3.02 (2H,m).

Reference Example 43 (4a′S,8a′R)-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.20-2.20 (16H,m), 2.68 (1H,d,J=12.5 Hz), 2.72-2.82 (1H,m), 2.87-3.02 (2H,m).

Reference Example 44 (4aR,8aS)-1-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.0-1.25 (1H,m), 1.25-1.65 (5H,m), 1.65-2.05 (3H,m), 2.2-2.4 (1H,m), 2.45-2.7 (2H,m), 2.75-3.1 (3H,m), 3.63 (2H,br), 7.15-7.4 (5H,m).

Reference Example 45 (4aS,8aR)-1-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05-1.25 (1H,m), 1.25-1.65 (5H,m), 1.65-2.05 (3H,m), 2.2-2.4 (1H,m), 2.5-2.7 (2H,m), 2.75-3.1 (3H,m), 3.63 (2H,br), 7.15-7.4 (5H,m).

Reference Example 46 Production of (trans-3-oxodecahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester

Relative Configuration

Trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (3.00 g, 26.3 mmol) was diluted with ethanol (15 ml). To the solution, bromoethyl acetate (6.12 mL, 55.2 mmol) was added dropwise with ice -cooling, and the mixture was then stirred overnight at room temperature.

To the reaction solution, water was added, and the mixture was stirred. The product was extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with saturated saline and dried over magnesium sulfate, followed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride/methanol) to obtain (trans-3-oxodecahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester (2.35 g, yield: 74.4%) in an orange particulate solid form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.13-1.41 (4H,m), 1.28 (3H,t,J=7.1 Hz), 1.72-1.97 (4H,m), 2.59-2.67 (1H,m), 3.06-3.13 (1H,m), 3.35 (1H,d,J=17.4 Hz), 3.48 (1H,d,J=16.8 Hz), 3.52 (1H, d,J=17.4 Hz), 3.60 (1H,d,J=16.8 Hz), 4.17 (2H,q,J=7.1 Hz), 6.79 (1H,brs).

Reference Example 47 Production of 2-(trans-decahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)ethanol

Relative Configuration

Lithium aluminum hydride (1.00 g, 26.4 mmol) was suspended in anhydrous dioxane (40 ml). To the suspension, an anhydrous dioxane (10 ml) solution of (trans-3-oxodecahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester (2.35 g, 9.78 mmol) was added dropwise with stirring at room temperature, and the mixture was then stirred under reflux for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled on ice, and sodium sulfate decahydrate was added thereto in small portions until no gas was generated. This mixture was filtered through celite and washed with methylene chloride, and the filtrate was then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2-(trans-decahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)ethanol (1.74 g, yield: 97%) in a brown oil form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.95-1.11 (1H,m), 1.15-1.44 (3H,m), 1.68-1.80 (5H,m), 1.85-1.94 (1H,m), 2.05-2.44 (4H,m), 2.87-2.97 (3H,m), 3.04-3.16 (1H,m), 3.46-3.54 (1H,m), 3.60-3.69 (1H,m).

Reference Example 48 Production of trans-1-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]decahydroquinoxaline

Relative Configuration

Triethylamine (4.61 mL, 33.0 mmol) and subsequently tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (4.27 g, 28.3 mmol) were added to a methylene chloride (40 mL) solution of 2-(trans -decahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)ethanol (1.74 g, 9.44 mmol) with ice-cooling and stirring, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. To the reaction mixture, water (100 mL) was added to terminate the reaction. The product was extracted with methylene chloride (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with water twice and with saturated saline once, then dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride/methanol) to obtain trans-1-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]decahydroquinoxaline (2.00 g, yield: 71%) in a light brown oil form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.06 (6H,s), 0.89 (9H,s), 0.98-1.36 (4H,m), 1.65-1.79 (4H,m), 1.85-1.95 (1H,m), 2.08-2.14 (1H,m), 2.24-2.39 (1H,m), 2.45-2.61 (2H,m) ,2.79-3.03 (4H,m), 3.62-3.80 (2H,m).

Compounds of Reference Examples 50 and 51 below were produced in the same way as in Reference Example 1 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 50 (4a′S,8a′S)-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxalin]-3′-one

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.99-1.38 (4H,m), 1.55-1.78 (5H,m), 1.78-1.94 (3H,m), 2.21-2.33 (2H,m), 2.48-2.59 (1H,m), 2.63 (1H,brs), 2.76-2.87 (1H,m), 7.36 (1H,s).

Reference Example 51 (4a′R,8a′R)-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxalin]-3′-one

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.97-1.36 (4H,m), 1 55-1.77 (5H,m), 1.77-1.92 (3H,m), 2.20-2.32 (2H,m), 2.47-2.57 (1H,m), 2.63 (1H,brs), 2.76-2.86 (1H,m), 7.36 (1H,s).

Compounds of Reference Examples 52 and 53 below were produced in the same way as in Reference Example 16 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 52 (4a′S,8a′S)-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05-1.90 (15H,m), 2.15-2.30 (3H,m), 2.69 (1H,dd,J=1.5, 12.2 Hz), 3.01 (1H,d, J=12.2 Hz).

Reference Example 53 (4a′R, 8a′R)-octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05-1.91 (15H,m), 2.15-2.30 (3H,m), 2.69 (1H,d,J=12.2 Hz), 3.01 (1H,d,J=12.2 Hz).

Reference Example 54 Production of (4aS,8aR)-tert-butyl 4-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate

Absolute Configuration

Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.70 g, 7.79 mmol) was added to a MeOH (16 ml) solution of (4aR,8aS)-1-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline (1.63 g, 7.08 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was distilled off, and the residue was then purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt) to obtain (4aS,8aR)-tert-butyl 4-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate (2.38 g, yield: quantitative) in a colorless oil form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.26-1.66 (14H,m), 1.79-1.96 (2H,m), 2.14-2.33 (2H,m), 2.40-2.45 (1H,m), 2.66 (1H,brs), 2.86 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.03 (1H,brs), 3.50-4.10 (2H,br), 4.16 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 7.21-7.36 (5H,m).

A compound of Reference Example 55 below was produced in the same way as in

Reference Example 54 Using Appropriate Starting Materials. Reference Example 55 (4aR,8aS)-tert-butyl 4-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.26-1.66 (14H,m), 1.79-1.96 (2H,m), 2.14-2.33 (2H,m), 2.40-2.45 (1H,m), 2.65 (1H,brs), 2.86 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.03 (1H,brs), 3.51-4.10 (2H,br), 4.16 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 7.21-7.36 (5H,m).

Reference Example 56 Production process of (4aS,8aR)-tert-butyl decahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate

Absolute Configuration

Pearlman's catalyst (0.24 g) was added to an EtOH (25 ml) solution of (4aS,8aR) -tert-butyl 4-benzyldecahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate (2.4 g, 7.26 mmol). This suspension was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour in a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was filtered through celite, and the residue was washed with EtOH. Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain (4aS,8aR)-tert-butyl decahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate (1.67 g, yield: 96%) in a colorless oil form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.16-1.53 (14H,m), 1.53-1.82 (3H,m), 1.83-2.00 (1H,m), 2.68-2.83 (1H,m), 2.85-3.10 (3H,m), 3.65-4.06 (2H,m).

A compound of Reference Example 57 below was produced in the same way as in Reference Example 56 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 57 (4aR,8aS)-tert-butyl decahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.18-1.55 (14H,m), 1.55-1.82 (3H,m), 1.85-2.00 (1H,m), 2.68-2.82 (1H,m), 2.85-3.10 (3H,m), 3.65-4.04 (2H,m).

Reference Example 58 Production process of cis tert-butyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)decahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate

Relative Configuration

A toluene (4 ml) suspension of cis tert-butyl decahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate (240 mg, 0.999 mmol), 1-bromo-4-chlorobenzene (211 mg, 1.10 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (11.2 mg, 0.0499 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (14.5 mg, 0.0500 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (135 mg, 1.40 mmol) was stirred for 5 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the celite layer was washed with AcOEt (5 ml×2). Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt) to obtain a white solid (87 mg, yield: 25%).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.10-1.40 (4H,m), 1.40-1.52 (10H,m), 1.63-1.71 (1H,m), 1.73-1.82 (1H,m), 2.15-2.28 (1H,m), 2.74 (1H,dt,J=3.6, 11.8 Hz), 2.90-2.97 (1H,m), 3.05-3.11 (1H,m), 3.27 (1H,dt,J=3.4, 12.6 Hz), 3.77-3.86 (1H,m), 4.01-4.10 (1H,m), 7.08-7.13 (2H,m), 7.25-7.30 (2H,m).

Compounds of Reference Examples 59 to 63 below were produced in the same way as in Reference Example 35 using appropriate starting materials.

Reference Example 59 (4aS,8aS)-decahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.12-1.58 (6H,m), 1.62-1.78 (4H,m), 2.20-2.29 (2H,m), 2.82-3.02 (4H,m).

Reference Example 60 (4aR,8aR)-decahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.14-1.27 (2H,m), 1.27-1.57(4H,m), 1.62-1.79 (4H,m), 2.19-2.30 (2H, m), 2.83-3.03 (4H,m).

Reference Example 61 (2R,4aS,8aS)-2-methyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.02 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz), 1.11-1.51 (6H,m), 1.62-1.79 (4H,m), 2.14 -2.22 (1H,m), 2.24-2.33 (1H,m), 2.44 (1H,dd,J=10.2, 11.7 Hz), 2.81-2.91 (1H,m), 2.94 (1H, dd,J=2.9, 11.7 Hz).

Reference Example 62 (2S,4aR,8aR)-2-methyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.02 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz), 1.10-1.49 (6H,m), 1.62-1.80 (4H,m), 2.14-2.22 (1H,m), 2.24-2.33 (1H,m), 2.44 (1H,dd,J=10.3, 11.7 Hz), 2.80-2.91 (1H,m), 2.94 (1H, dd,J=2.9, 11.7 Hz).

Reference Example 63 (2R,4aS,8aS)-2-ethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.92 (3H,t,J=7.5 Hz), 1.1-1.55 (8H,m), 1.6-1.8 (4H,m), 2.14-2.32 (2H,m), 2.39-2.5 (1H,m), 2.57-2.68 (1H,m), 3.01 (1H,dd,J=2.6, 11.6 Hz).

Example 1 Production of (4aR,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-indol-6-yl)decahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (8 mL) suspension of (4aS,8aR)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (337 mg, 2.00 mmol), 6-bromo-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-indole (846 mg, 2.40 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (269 mg, 2.80 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (22.5 mg, 0.0902 mmol), and tri-tert -butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (29.1 mg, 0.101 mmol) was stirred for 5 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred, followed by addition of magnesium sulfate. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by NH-silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane:ethyl acetate) to obtain colorless, amorphous (4aR,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-indol-6-yl)decahydroquinoxaline (0.75 g, yield; 85%).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.1-1.2 (18H,m), 1.21 (3H,s), 1.29 (3H,s), 1.3-1.55 (5H,m), 1.55-1.8 (7H,m), 2.79 (1H,d,J=116 Hz), 2.91 (1H,d,J=11 6 Hz), 3.45-3.6 (2H,m), 6.49 (1H, dd,J=0.7, 3.2 Hz), 6.82 (1H,dd,J=2.0, 8.6 Hz), 6.93 (1H,s), 7.08 (1H,d,J=3.2 Hz), 7.45 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz).

Example 2 Production of (4aR,8aS)-1-(1H-indol-6-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

Tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride (1 M in THF) (3.41 mL, 3.41 mol) was added to a tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) solution of (4aR,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H -indol-6-yl)decahydroquinoxaline (0.750 g, 1.71 mmol) with stirring at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was distilled off from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by NH-silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane) to obtain a white solid. The obtained solid was recrystallized from diisopropyl ether/hexane to obtain (4aR,8aS)-1-(1H-indol-6-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (305 mg, yield: 63%).

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.0-1.55 (11H,m), 1.55-1.85 (4H,m), 2.79 (1H,d,J=11.6 Hz), 2.94 (1H,d,J=11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H,m), 3.6-3 75 (1H,m), 6.35-6.5 (1H,m), 6.79 (1H,s), 6.86 (1H,dd,J=2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.03 (1H,dd,J=2.7, 2.7 Hz), 7.47 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz), 7.92 (1H,br).

Example 3 Production of (4aS,8aS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)decahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

1-chloroethyl chloroformate (229 μL, 2.10 mmol) was added to a methylene chloride (6.5 mL) solution of (4aS,8aS)-1-benzyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)decahydroquinoxaline (0.650 g, 1.91 mmol) with ice-cooling and stirring. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours, and the reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in methanol (6.5 mL), and this solution was stirred for 1 hour under reflux. The solvent was distilled off from the reaction mixture. To the obtained residue, acetone (5 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred. The deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was washed with acetone (1 mL) and then dried to obtain (4aS,8aS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)decahydroquinoxaline (253 mg, yield: 53%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.85-1.05 (1H,m), 1.1-1.4 (2H,m), 1.4-1.65 (3H,m), 1.65-1.8 (1H,m), 1.9-2.05 (1H,m), 2.8-3.0 (2H,m), 3.05-3.2 (3H,m), 3.2-3.5 (1H,m), 7.1-7.2 (2H,m), 7.35-7.45 (2H,m), 9.2-9.65 (2H,m).

Example 4 Production of cis-4-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-1,2,2-trimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride

Relative Configuration

A 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution (0.81 mL, 9.9 mmol) was added to a methanol (10 mL) solution of cis-1-Cbenzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (298 mg, 0.992 mmol) with stirring at room temperature. After 30 minutes, sodium cyanoborohydride (311 mg, 4.96 mmol) and acetic acid (0.30 mL) were added to the reaction solution at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred overnight. The solvent was distilled off from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure. Then, a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate (50 mL) twice. The organic layer was washed with water twice and with saturated saline once, then dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride:methanol=10:1) to obtain a brown oil. 4 N hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate (0.6 mL) was added to an ethanol solution of the obtained oil with stirring at room temperature, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was washed with ethyl acetate and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain cis-4-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-1,2,2-trimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride (258 mg, yield: 74%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.17-1.34 (1H,m), 1.37-1.74 (2H,m), 1.47 (3H,s), 1.87-2.04 (1H,m), 1.90 (3H,s), 2.20-2.30 (1H,m), 2.39-2.54 (1H,m), 2.64-2.88 (2H,m), 2.75 (3H,d,J=4.9 Hz), 3.12 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.69-3.74 (1H,m), 3.85-3.93 (1H,m), 3.87 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 7.01 (1H,dd,J=8.8, 2.3 Hz), 7.21-7.32 (2H,m), 7.44 (1H,d,J=5.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H,d,J=8.8 Hz), 11.20 (1H,brs).

Example 5 Production of 2-(trans-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)decahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)ethanol dihydrochloride

Relative Configuration

Tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride (1 M in THF) (2.1 mL, 2.1 mmol) was added to a THF (10 mL) solution of trans-1-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)decahydroquinoxaline (820 mg, 1.93 mmol) with stirring at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred overnight. To the reaction mixture, ethyl acetate was added, and the resultant mixture was washed with water twice and with saturated saline once, then dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride:methanol=10:l) to obtain a colorless, amorphous solid (534 mg). A 319 mg aliquot of the obtained solid was dissolved in ethanol. To the solution, 4 N hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate (1.0 mL) was added with stirring at room temperature, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was washed with ethyl acetate and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain 2-(trans-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)decahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)ethanol dihydrochloride (365 mg, yield: 49%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.23-1.76 (4H,m), 1.86-2.08 (3H,m) ,2.43-2.48 (1H,m), 3.18-3.25 (1H,m), 3.72-3.77 (2H,m), 3.93-3.98 (1H,m), 3.93-4.78 (1H,br), 4.08-4.20 (2H,m), 4.39-4.55 (1H,m), 4.57-4.78 (2H,m), 4.97-5.06 (1H,m), 7.61-7.68 (3H,m), 7.81-8.07 (3H,m), 8.17-8.69 (1H,br), 12.73 (1H,brs), 14.91 (1H,brs).

Example 77 Production of (4aS,8aR)-1-(7-fluorobenzofuran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (4 ml) suspension of (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (168 mg, 0.998 mmol), 4-bromo-7-fluorobenzofuran (258 mg, 1.20 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (11.2 mg, 0.0499 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (14.5 mg, 0.0500 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (135 mg, 1.40 mmol) was stirred for 4 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Insoluble matter was filtered, and the residue was washed with AcOEt (5 ml×2). Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt) to obtain a colorless oil (167 mg). This oil was crystallized from hexane (1 mL) to obtain (4aS,8aR)-1-(7-fluorobenzofaran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (107 mg, yield: 35%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 1.0-1.45 (11H,m), 1.6-1.8 (3H,m), 1.8-1.95 (1H,m), 2.70 (1H, d,J=11.3 Hz), 3.04 (1H,d,J=11.3 Hz), 3.50 (1H,ddd,J=3.8, 3.8, 12.1 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 6.47 (1H dd,J=3.4, 8.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H,dd,J=2.5, 2.5 Hz), 6.89 (1H,dd,J=8.6, 10.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz).

Example 106 Production of (4aS,8aR)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (10 ml) suspension of (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (252 mg, 1.50 mmol), 1-bromo-4-chlorobenzene (345 mg, 1.80 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (16.8 mg, 0.0748 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (21.8 mg, 0.0751 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (202 mg, 2.10 mmol) was stirred for 5 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Then, insoluble matter was filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt). The obtained oil was dissolved in 1 N HCl-EtOH (3 mL), and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The deposited crystal was recrystallized from ethanol/acetone to obtain (4aS,8aR)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride (262 mg, yield: 55%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆)δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H,m), 1.51 (3H,s), 1.6-2.1 (5H,m), 2.93 (1H,d,J=13.6 Hz), 3.40 (1H,d,J=13.8 Hz), 3.65-3.85 (1H,m), 3.9-4.1 (1H,m), 6.8-7.05 (2H,m), 7.1-7.35 (2H,m), 8.14 (1H,br), 9.77 (1H,br).

Example 112 Production of (4aS,8aR)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (10 ml) suspension of (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (168 mg, 0.998 mmol), 4-bromo-2-ch1oro-1-fluorobenzene (251 mg, 1.20 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (11.2 mg, 0.0500 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (14.5 mg, 0.0500 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (135 mg, 1.40 mmol) was stirred for 5 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Then, insoluble matter was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt). The obtained oil was dissolved in 1 N HCl-EtOH (3 mL), and ethanol was distilled off under reduced pressure. The deposited crystal was recrystallized from ethanol/acetone to obtain (4aS,8aR)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride (153 mg, yield: 46%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆)δppm: 1.15-1.45 (6H,m), 1.51 (3H,s), 1.6-1.9 (4H,m), 1 9-2.05 (1H,m), 2.94 (1H,d,J=13.5 Hz), 3.3-3 45 (1H,m), 3.65-3.8 (1H,m), 3.95-4.1 (1H,m), 6 85-7.0 (1H,m), 7.12 (1H,dd,J=3.0, 6.2 Hz), 7.25 (1H,dd,J=9.1, 9.1 Hz), 8.13 (1H,br), 9.86 (1H,br).

Example 150 Production of 5-((4aR,8aS)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-indole -2-carbonitrile

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (4 ml) suspension of (4aS,8aR)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (168 mg, 0.998 mmol), 5-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile (259 mg, 1.10 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (11.2 mg, 0.0499 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (14.5 mg, 0.0500 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (135 mg, 1.40 mmol) was stirred for 4 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the residue was washed with CH₂Cl₂:MeOH (3:1) (5 mL×2). Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt) to obtain a colorless oil. This oil was crystallized from hexane (1 mL) to obtain 5-((4aR,8aS)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxalin-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile (148 mg, yield: 46%) in a pale yellow powder form.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃)δppm: 0.7-2.3 (15H,m), 2.7-3.2 (2H,m), 3.5-3.8 (2H,m), 3.85 (3H,s), 6.95-7.05 (2H,m), 7.15-7.3 (2H,m).

Example 237 Production of (4aS,8aS)-1-(3-chioro-4-cyanophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (10 ml) suspension of (4aS,8aS)-2,2 -dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (400 mg, 2.38 mmol), 4-bromo-2-chlorobenzonitrile (669 mg, 3.09 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (53 mg, 0.24 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (70 mg, 0.24 mmol), and t-BuONa (320 mg, 3.33 mmol) was stirred for 5 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled. Then, insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) to obtain an orange amorphous solid. This amorphous solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5 mL). A crystal deposited by the addition of 4 N HCl/AcOEt (0.6 mL) was collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to obtain (4aS,8aS)-1-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride (304 mg, 48%) in a pale orange powder form.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃)δppm: 1.05-1.20 (1H,m), 1.23-1.44 (2H,m), 1.54-2.10 (4H,m), 1.63 (3H,s), 1.68 (3H,s), 2.35-2.40 (1H,m), 2.89 (1H,d,J=12.7 Hz), 3.19 (2H,br), 3.34 (1H,d,J=12.7 Hz), 7.06 (1H. dd,J=8.4, 2.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz), 7.61 (1H,d, J=8.4 Hz), 9.62 (1H,brs), 9.90 (1H,br)

Example 579 Production of (4a′R,8a′S)-4′-(7-methoxybenzofuran-4-yl)octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline]

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (4 ml) suspension of (4a′R,8a′S)-octahydro-1′H -spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline](180 mg, 0.998 mmol), 4-bromo-7-methoxybenzofuran (250 mg, 1.10 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (11.2 mg, 0.0499 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (14.5 mg, 0.0500 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (135 mg, 1.40 mmol) was stirred for 4 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Insoluble matter was filtered, and the residue was washed with AcOEt (5 mL×2). Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt) to obtain a colorless amorphous solid. This solid was crystallized from hexane (1 mL) to obtain (4a′R,8a′S)-4′-(7-methoxybenzofuran-4-yl)octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline](107 mg, yield: 35%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.95-1.1 (2H,m), 1.3-1.4 (1H,m), 1,4-2.1 (11H,m), 2.25-2.4 (1H,m), 3.01 (1H,d,J=11.0 Hz), 3.17 (1H,d,J=11.1 Hz), 3.40 (1H,br), 3.45-3.5 (1H, m), 3.97 (3H,s), 6.58 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz), 6.70 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz), 6.80 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz), 7.58 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz).

Example 580 Production of (4aS,8aR)-1-(6,7-difluorobenzofuran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (6 ml) suspension of (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (252 mg, 1.50 mmol), 4-bromo-6,7-difluorobenzofuran (384 mg, 1.65 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (16.8 mg, 0.0748 mmol), t-Bu₃P.HBF₄ (21.8 mg, 0.0751 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (202 mg, 2.10 mmol) was stirred for 3 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Then, insoluble matter was filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex -AcOEt) to obtain a pale yellow oil (193 mg). This oil was dissolved in ethanol (2 mL). To the solution, 1 N HCl-EtOH (1.2 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred. The deposited crystal was collected by filtration, washed with ethyl acetate, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain (4aS,8aR)-1-(6,7-difluorobenzofuran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline hydrochloride (167 mg, yield: 31%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆)δppm: 1.01-1.17 (2H,m), 1.34-1.44 (1H m), 1.48 (3H,s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.59-2.07 (5H,m), 3.00 (1H,d,J=13.0 Hz), 3.28 (1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H,m), 4.0-4.15 (1H,m), 6.83 (1H,dd,J=5.9, 13.5 Hz), 7.36 (1H,dd,J=2.6, 2.6 Hz), 8.0-8.2 (2H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H,m).

Example 581 Production of (4aS,8aS)-1-(2-cyano-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-indol-5-yl) 3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (5 ml) suspension of (4aS,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (200 mg, 1.19 mmol), 5-bromo-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile (493 mg, 1.31 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (13.3 mg, 0.0594 mmol), tBu₃P.HBF₄ (17.2 mg, 0.0594 mmol), and t-BuONa (137 mg, 1.43 mmol) was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt/hexane) to obtain (4aS,8aS)-1-(2-cyano-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-indol-5-yl) 3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (430 mg, 78%) in a white amorphous solid form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.75-1.38 (26H,m), 1.41 (3H,s), 1.54-1.77 (4H,m), 2.01 (3H,quintet, J=7.5 Hz), 2.25-2.32 (1H,m), 2.65 (1H,d,J=11.2 Hz), 2.75-2.85 (2H,m), 7.11 (1H,dd,J=2.0, 9.1 Hz), 7.32 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz), 7.33 (1H,d,J=0.5 Hz), 7.50 (1H,d,J=9.1 Hz).

Example 582 Production of (4aS,8aS)-1-(2-cyano-1H-indol-5-yl) 3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 M THF solution, 0.73 mL, 0.73 mmol) was added to an anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) solution of (4aS,8aS)-1-(2-cyano-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-indol-5-yl) 3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (170 mg, 0.366 mmol) at room temperature, and the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt/hexane= 1/10→ 1/1). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/n -hexane to obtain (4aS,8aS)-1-(2-cyano-1H-indol-5-yl) 3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (30 mg, yield: 27%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆)δppm: 0.82-1.00 (4H,m), 1.08-1.34 (6H,m), 1.42-1.67 (5H,m), 2.19-2.27 (1H,m), 2.55 (1H,d,J=10.9 Hz), 2.59-2.69 (2H,m), 7.11 (1H,dd,J=1.8, 8.8 Hz), 7.26 (1H,d,J=0.8 Hz), 7.32 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz), 7.36 (1H,d,J=8.8 Hz) 12.25 (1H,brs).

Example 583 Production of (4aS,8aR)-1-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-3,3 -dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (1 mL) solution of bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium (25.6 mg, 0.0501 mmol) was added to a toluene (4 ml) suspension of (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (168 mg, 0.998 mmol), 4-bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene (255 mg, 1.10 mmol), and NaOt-Bu (135 mg, 1.40 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Then, water (0.5 mL) and AcOEt (10 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. MgSO₄ was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the residue was washed with AcOEt (5 mL×2). Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (Hex-AcOEt) to obtain a white solid (167 mg). This solid was recrystallized from ethanol/water to obtain (4aS,8aR)-1-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (136 mg, yield: 43%) in a white powder form.

1H-NMR(CDCl3)δppm: 0.97-1.12 (3H,m), 1.16 (3H,s), 1.27 (3H,s), 1.31-1.44 (2H, m), 1.45-1.76 (3H,m), 1.78-1.92 (1H,m), 1.94-2.06 (1H,m), 2.12-2.23 (1H,m), 2.51 (1H, d,J=11.2 Hz), 2.85-3.05 (5H,m), 3.1-3.2 (1H,m), 3.45-3.55 (1H,m), 6.58 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz).

Example 584 Production of (4aS,8aS)-1-(6-cyanonaphthalen-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline dihydrochloride

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (5 mL) suspension of (4aR,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (200 mg, 1.19 mmol), 6-bromo-2-naphthonitrile (303 mg, 1.31 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (13.3 mg, 0.0594 mmol), tBu₃P.HBF₄ (17.2 mg, 0.0594 mmol), and t-BuONa (137 mg, 1.43 mmol) was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt/hexane). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. To this solution, 1 N hydrochloric acid-ethanol was added, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was dried under reduced pressure to obtain (4aS,8aS)-1-(6-cyanonaphthalen-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline dihydrochloride (303 mg, yield: 65%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR(DMSO-d₆)δppm: 1.10-1.50 (6H,m), 1.56-1.90 (7H,m), 2.00-2.14 (1H,m), 3.08-3.45 (4H,m), 4.68-5.32 (1H,br), 7.45 (1H,dd,J=2.0, 8.9 Hz), 7.64 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz), 7.73 (1H,dd,J=1.6, 8.6 Hz), 8.00 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz), 8.04 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz), 8.49 (1H,s), 9.10-9.28 (1H,br), 10.04-10.28 (1H,br).

Example 585 Production of (4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4 -yl)decahydroquinoxaline

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (5 mL) suspension of (4aS,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (200 mg, 1.19 mmol), 4-bromo-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (462 mg, 1.31 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (13.3 mg, 0.0594 mmol), tBu₃P.HBF₄ (17.2 mg, 0.0594 mmol), and t-BuONa (137 mg, 1.43 mmol) was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt/hexane) to obtain (4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)decahydroquinoxaline (439 mg, 84%) in a white amorphous solid form.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm: 0.95-1.20 (22H,m), 1.36-1.45 (3H,m), 1.52 (3H,s), 1.65-1.92 (7H, m), 2.11-2.20 (1H,m), 2.57-2.67 (2H,m), 2.83-2.95 (1H,m), 3.26- (1H,d,J=11.7 Hz), 6.55 (1H,d,J=3.5 Hz), 6.63 (1H,d,J=5.3 Hz), 7.18 (1H,d,J=3.5 Hz), 8.12 (1H,d,J=5.3 Hz).

Example 586 Production of (4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)decahydroquinoxaline fumarate

Absolute Configuration

Tetrabutylarnmonium fluoride (1 M THF solution. 1.95 mL, 1.95 mmol) was added to an anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) solution of (4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)decahydroquinoxaline (430 mg, 0.976 nmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt/hexane= 1/10→ 1/1) to obtain a product (370 mg, 1.30 mmol) in an oil form. This oil was dissolved in ethanol (5 mL). To this solution, an ethanol (5 mL) solution of fumaric acid (151 mg) was added, and ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained solid was recrystallized from ethanol/ethyl acetate to obtain (4aS,8aS)-3.3-dimethyl-1-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)decahydroquinoxaline fumarate (246 mg, yield: 63%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆)δppm: 0.94-1.09 (1H,m). 1.20 (3H,s), 1.26-1.55 (7H,m), 1.68-1.78 (1H,m), 1.85-2.04 (2H,m), 2.81-2.93 (1H,m), 2.95-3.23 (3H,m), 6.36-6.42 (1H, m), 6.49 (2H,s), 6.71 (1H,d,J=5.2 Hz), 7.32-7.38 (1H,m), 8.09 (1H,d,J=5.2 Hz), 8.50-11.20 (1H,br), 11.59 (1H,s).

Example 587 Production of (4aS,8aS)-1-(4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethytdecahydroquinoxaline dihydrochioride

Absolute Configuration

A toluene (5 mL) suspension of (4aS,8aS)-2,2-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline (200 mg, 1.19 mmol), 4-bromo-1-difluoromethoxy-2-fluorobenzene (315 mg, 1.31 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂(13.3 mg, 0.0594 mmol), tBu₃P.HBF₄ (17.2 mg, 0.0594 mmol), and t-BuONa (137 mg, 1.43 mmol) was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours. Insoluble matter was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt/hexane). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in ethyi acetate. To this solution, 1 N hydrochloric acid-ethanol was added, and the deposited crystal was collected by filtration. The obtained crystal was dried under reduced pressure to obtain (4aS,8aS)-1-(4-difluoromethoxy-3-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline dihydrochloride (193 mg, yield: 40%) in a white powder form.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆)δppm: 1.01-1.38 (6H,m), 1.49-1.67 (6Hr m), 1.67-1.77 (1H,m), 1.96-2.05 (1H,m), 2.81-2.95 (2H,m), 3.02 (1H,d,J=12.5 Hz), 3.10-3.23 (1H,m), 4.30-4.80 (1H,br), 6.96-7.01 (1H,m), 7.02 (0.25H,s), 7.17 (1H,dd,J=2.5, 12.1 Hz), 7.20 (0.5H,s), 7.33 (1H. t,J=8.9 Hz), 7.39 (0.25H,s), 9.04-9.21 (1H,m), 9.70-9.85 (1H,m).

Compounds of Examples 6 to 76, 78 to 105, 107 to 111, 113 to 149, 151 to 236, 238 to 578, 58S to 1656 shown in tables below were produced in the same way as in the Examples using corresponding appropriate starting materials. In these tables, for example, the produced compounds have physical properties such as a crystalline form, m.p. (melting point), salt, ¹H-NMR, and MS (mass spectrum).

TABLE 1 Relative configuration

Ex- am- ple X R⁴ 1H-NMR Salt 6 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.39 (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.56-2.20 (6 H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.61 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.75-3.90 (1H, m), 4.40-4.55 (1 H, m), 7.17-7.30 (2 H, m), 7.33-7.48 (2 H, m), 7.65-7.83 (3 H, m), 8.35-8.60 (1 H, brm), 9.70-9.95 (1 H, brm). Hydro- chloride 7 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.39 (3H, s), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.55-2.19 (6H, m), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.70-3.87 (1H, m), 4.28-4.45 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.0 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.81 (1H, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.42-8.65 (1H, br), 9.80-10.05 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride 8 —O—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.42 (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.55 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.72 (1H, t, J = 8.8 Hz), 3.90-4.17 (4H, m), 4.79-4.94 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.30 (1H, dd, J = 0.5, 5.4 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.60-8.85 (1H, br), 10.41-10.65 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride 9 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33 (3H, s), 1.44 (3H, s), 1.55-2.19 (6H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.66-3.82 (1H, m), 4.20-4.35 (1H, m), 6.98 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.23 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.40-8.66 (1H, br), 9.75-10.05 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride 10 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.32 (3H, s), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.55-2.15 (6H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.58 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.65-3.82 (1H, m), 4.20-4.40 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 9.0 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.40-8.52 (1H, br), 9.70-9.95 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride 11 —O—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.34 (3H, s), 1.44 (3H, s), 2.99 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.60-3.73 (2H, m), 3.85-4.11 (4H, m), 4.71-4.90 (1H, m), 6.95-7.08 (1H, m), 7.20-7.30 (1H, m), 7.42 (1H, d, J 9.0 Hz), 8.60-8.89 (1H, br), 10.20-10.61 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride

TABLE 2 Relative configuration

Ex- am- ple X R⁴ NMR Salt 12 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.30-1.50 (4H, m), 1.60 (3H, s), 1.85-2.05 (4H, m), 2.05-2.23 (1H, m), 2.82-2.96 (1H, m), 3.06-3.25 (1H, m), 3.25-3.45 (2H, m), 4.00-5.25 (1H, br), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.35-7.60 (3H, m), 7.78-7.94 (3H, m), 9.33-9.67 (1H, br), 9.73-10.08 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 13 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.30-1.53 (4H, m), 1.60 (3H, s), 1.65-2.07 (6H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.06-3.45 (3H, m), 4.40-5.68 (1H, br), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.7 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 9.40-9.70 (1H, br), 9.80-10.12 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 14 —O—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.44 (3H, s), 1.62 (3H, s), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.34 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.46-3.61 (2H, m), 3.75-3.95 (2H, m), 4.00-4.10 (1H, m), 4.11-4.28 (1H, m), 4.75-5.61 (1H, br), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 9.88-10.08 (1H, br), 10.08-10.30 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 15 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.45 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.65-1.88 (3H, m), 1.88-2.10 (2H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 2.94-3.10 (1H, m), 3.18-3.39 (2H, m), 4.03-4.70 (1H, br), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.7 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 9.26-9.59 (1H, br), 9.72-10.04 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 16 —CH₂—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.24-1.45 (4H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.63-2.04 (5H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 2.90-3.08 (1H, m), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.26-3.36 (1H, m), 4.35-5.05 (1H, br), 7.05-7.18 (2H, m), 7.30-7.40 (2H, m), 9.30-9.55 (1H, br), 9.75-10.02 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 17 —O—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.46 (3H, s), 1.64 (3H, s), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.47-3.66 (3H, m), 3.81-3.97 (2H, m), 4.01-4.15 (1H, m), 4.34-4.45 (1H, m), 7.26 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.8 Hz), 7.38-7.44 (1H, m), 7.44-7.50 (1H, m), 7.50-7.54 (1H, m), 7.80-7.87 (2H, m), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 9.84-10.04 (1H, br), 10.04-10.20 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride

TABLE 3 Relative configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 18

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm (80° C.): 1.40 (3 H, s), 1.43-1.70 (5 H, m), 1.72-1.92 (2 H, m), 1.95-2.23 (4 H, m), 3.39-3.52 (2 H, m), 3.85-4.02 (1 H, br), 4.02-4.14 (1 H, m), 5.64-6.00 (1 H, br), 7.31-7.38 (1 H, m), 7.38-7.47 (2 H, m), 7.50-7.57 (1 H, m), 7.72-7.85 (3 H, m), 8.44-8.80 (1 H, br), 9.04-9.40 (1 H, br). Dihydrochloride 19

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm (80° C.): 1.31-1.51 (5H, m), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.63-1.76 (2H, m), 1.87-2.12 (3H, m), 2.12-2.23 (1H, m), 3.22-3.44 (2H, m), 3.85-4.02 (2H, m), 5.00-5.90 (1H, br), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.77 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.25-8.74 (1H, br), 9.00-9.54 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 20

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.34 (3H, s), 1.39-1.55 (5H, m), 1.67-1.90 (3H, m), 1.90-2.16 (3H, m), 3.17-3.38 (2H, m), 3.76-4.02 (2H, m), 7.10-7.20 (2H, m), 7.25-7.37 (2H, m), 7.37-7.90 (1H, br), 8.45-8.69 (1H, br), 8.89-9.19 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 4 Relative configuration

Ex- ample R⁴ NMR Salt 21

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm (80° C.): 1.43 (3H, s), 1.47(3H, s), 1.51-1.65 (1H, m), 1.72-1.90 (3H, m), 1.93-2.09 (2H, m), 2.12-2.29 (2H, m), 3.69-3.80 (1H, m), 3.81-3.92 (1H, m), 3.96-4.11 (1H, m), 4.11-4.70 (2H, br), 7.22-7.45 (4H, m), 7.70-7.85 (3H, m), 9.15-9.49 (1H, br), 9.49-9.58 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 22

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm (80° C.): 1.46 (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.65-1.94 (5H, m), 2.10-2.44 (3H, m), 3.69-3.80 (1H, m), 3.86-4.00 (1H, m), 4.00-4.20 (1H, m), 4.60-4.85 (1H, m), 4.85-6.06 (1H, br), 7.36-7.55 (2H, m), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H, brs), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 9.40-9.68 (1H, br), 9.68-10.11 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 23

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm (80° C.): 1.44 (6H, s), 1.47-1.64 (1H, m), 1.87-1.84 (3H, m), 1.86-2.13 (3H, m), 2.14-2.30 (1H, m), 3.60-3.80 (2H, m), 3.92-4.07 (1H, m), 5.80-6.70 (1H, br), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 9.40-9.75 (2H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 5 Relative configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 24 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 1.29-1.57 (3H, m), 1.46 (3H, s), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.69-1.91 (4H, m), 1.98-2.09 (1H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.51 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.73-3.92 (1H, m), 4.11-4.30 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.22-7.28 (1H, m), 7.36-7.43 (2H, m), 7.68-7.80 (3H, m), 8.02-8.31 (1H, m), 9.62-9.91 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 25 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.21-1.36 (1H, m), 1.40-1.53 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.58-1.77 (2H, m), 1.93 (3H, s), 1.98-2.05 (1H, m), 2.18-2.34 (1H, m), 2.37-2.58 (1H, m), 2.67-2.88 (1H, m), 2.82 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.26 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.64-3.77 (1H, m), 3.91 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.97-4.04 (1H, m), 7.07-7.09 (1H, m), 7.17-7.22 (1H, m), 7.30-7.35 (1H, m), 7.40-7.48 (1H, m), 7.66-7.83 (3H, m), 11.27 (1H, brs) Hydro- chloride 26 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.6-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.15 (1H, m), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.40 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (4H, m), 4.05-4.2 (1H, m), 4.93 (1H, br), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.9 Hz), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 9.1 Hz), 7.63 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.05-8.3 (1H, m), 9.75-10.05 (1H, m). Dihydro- chloride 27 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.25-1.45 (1H, m), 1.45-1.7 (7H, m), 1.7-2.1 (4H, m), 2.85 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.43 (1H, d, J − 12.8 Hz), 3.55-3.7 (1H, m), 4.1-4.3 (1H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.28 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.6-7.7 (2H, m), 7.74 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.9-8.2 (1H, m), 9.55-9.95 (1H, m). Hydro- chloride 28 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-1.28 (1H, m), 1.38-1.50 (2H, m), 1.66 (3H, s), 1.72-2.00 (2H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 2.07-2.22 (1H, m), 2.39-2.52 (2H, m), 3.05 (1, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.43 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.77-3.90 (1H, m), 3.91-4.01 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.2 Hz), 7.21-7.25 (2H, m), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.55-8.97 (1H, br), 9.99-10.37 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 29 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.17-1.34 (1H, m), 1.37-1.74 (2H, m), 1.47 (3H, s), 1.87-2.04 (1H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 2.20-2.30 (1H, m), 2.39-2.54 (1H, m), 2.64-2.88 (2H, m), 2.75 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.12 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.69-3.74 (1H, m), 3.85-3.93 (1H, m), 3.87 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.3 Hz), 7.21-7.32 (2H, m), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 11.20 (1H, brs) Hydro- chloride 30 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.11-1.33 (1H, m), 1.36-1.54 (2H, m), 1.65 (3H, s), 1.72-2.00 (2H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 2.07-2.29 (1H, m), 2.34-2.60 (2H, m), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.76-4.02 (2H, m), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 2.2 Hz), 7.17-7.31 (3H, m), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.64-9.00 (1H, br), 10.08-10.37 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 31 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.33 (1H, m), 1.38-1.74 (3H, m), 1.46 (3H, s), 1.90 (3H, s), 1.97-2.11 (1H, m), 2.20-2.30 (1H, m), 2.41-2.56 (1H, m), 2.66-2.89 (1H, m), 2.81 (3H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.16 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.61-3.74 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.89-3.99 (1H, m), 6.99 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 2.1 Hz), 7.20-7.31 (3H, m), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 11.04-11.44 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 32 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.2 (2H, m), 1.25-1.45 (1H, m), 1.53 (6H, s), 1.6-1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 1.9-2.15 (2H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.75-4.0 (2H, m), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.17 (1H, br), 9.78 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride 33 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 (5H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 1.29 Hz), 3.2-3.45 (1H, m), 3.75-3.95 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 6.6-6.8 (1H, m), 7.1-7.3 (3H, m), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.07 (1H, br), 9.77 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride

TABLE 6 Relative configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 34 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15 (18H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.25-1.45 (6H, m), 1.45-1.8 (8H, m), 1.8-2.0 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.6-3.65 (1H, m), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 6.64 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 7.00 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz). — 35 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.13 (18H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.25-1.3 (5H, m), 1.35-1.45 (2H, m), 1.53 (1H, br), 1.6-1.8 (7H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 6.48 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 36 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.1-1.2 (18H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.25-1.3 (4H, m), 1.3-1.85 (11H, m), 2.79 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.65 (2H, m), 6.45-6.5 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 6.93 (1H, s), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). —

TABLE 7 Relative configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 37 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (3H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.25-1.45 (6H, m), 1.45-1.8 (2H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, dd, J = 0.9, 7.4 Hz), 8.55-6.6 (1H, m), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 8.18 (1H, br). — 38 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.15 (5H, m), 1.19 (3H, s), 1.2-1.5 (3H, m), 1.6-1.7 (1H, m), 2.0-2.3 (5H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.05-3.15 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.49 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.55-6.6 (1H, m), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.13 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 8.11 (1H, br). — 39 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.85 (15H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 6.4-6.45 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.8 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.13 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 7.25-7.3 (1H, m), 7.98 (1H, br). — 40 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.06 (3H, s), 1.1-1.55 (8H, m), 1.6-1.75 (1H, m), 1.95-2.15 (2H, m), 2.18 (3H, s), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.95-3.0 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.55-3.7 (1H, m), 6.35-6.45 (1H, m), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.8 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 7.2-7.3 (1H, m), 7.94 (1H, br). — 41 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.4 (9H, m), 1.4-1.9 (5H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.0-4.5 (4H, m), 6.25 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 2.4 Hz), 6.47 (1H, s), 6.7-6.8 (2H, m), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 2.7 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz), 10.65 (1H, s). Hemifumarate 42 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.5 (11H, m), 1.55-1.7 (1H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.18 (3H, s), 2.65-4.2 (6H, m), 6.2-6.25 (1H, m), 6.60 (2H, s), 6.7-6.8 (2H, s), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 3.0 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 10.60 (1H, s). Fumarate 43 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.4 (9H, m), 1.45-1.9 (5H, m), 2.88 (2H, dd, J = 12.3, 15.1 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.6-3.75 (4H, m), 6.24 (1H, dd, J = 0.6, 3.0 Hz), 6.47 (1H, s), 6.85-7.0 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz). Hemifumarate 44 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.4 (9H, m), 1.4-1.9 (6H, m), 2.85 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.69 (3H, s), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.24 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 6.49 (2H, s), 6.7-6.85 (2H, m), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). Fumarate 45 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.3 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (7H, m), 1.5-1.95 (5H, m), 2.9-3.1 (2H, m), 3.71 (1H, br), 3.8-3.95 (1H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 6.54 (3H, s), 7.04 (1H, s), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 9.2 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.83 (1H, s), 10.6 (4H, br). 3/2 Fumarate 46 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (4H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 1.9-2.1 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.5-4.05 (3H, m), 5.91 (2H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 6.32 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.5 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.06 (1H, br), 9.83 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 8 Relative configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 47 —H —H —H —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), Dihydrochloride 1.6-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.15 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.65-3.85 (1H, m), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 5.30 (1H, br), 6.9-7.0 (2H, m), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m), 8.0-8.35 (1H, m), 10.03 (1H, d, J = 10.5 Hz). 48 —H —H —H —F —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.35 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-1.95 (4H, m), Hydrochloride 1.95-2.15 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.85-3.8 (1H, m), 3.9-4.1 (1H, m), 6.6-6.8 (1H, m), 6.9-7.1 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 19.7 Hz), 8.0-8.4 (1H, m), 10.02 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz). 49 —H —H —F —H —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.6 (9H, m), 1.6-2.05 (5H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, Hydrochloride J = 14.0 Hz), 3.56 (1H, d, J = 13.9 Hz), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.35-6.55 (1H, m), 6.5-6.75 (2H, m), 8.05-8.4 (1H, m), 9.65-10.2 (1H, m). 50 —H —H —F —OCH₃ —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), Hydrochloride 1.9-2.05 (1H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 3.9-4.05 (1H, m), 6.65-6.8 (2H, m), 8.17 (1H, br), 9.86 (1H, br). 51 —CH₃ —H —F —OCH₃ —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.96 (3H, s), 1.05-1.2 (4H, m), 1.2-1.5 (4H, m), 3/2 Fumarate 1.55-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.16 (3H, s), 2.75-2.9 (2H, m), 3.12 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.65-3.85 (4H, m), 6.55-6.85 (5H, m). 52 —H —H —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-2.05 (5H, m), Hydrochloride 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.77 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 7.8 Hz), 6.90 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.4 Hz), 6.95-7.0 (1H, m), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz), 8.14 (1H, br), 9.55-10.0 (1H, m). 53 —CH₃ —H —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97 (3H, s), 1.05-1.2 (4H, m), 1.2-1.5 (4H, m), Fumarate 1.6-1.75 (1H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.15 (3H, s), 2.65-5.05 (6H, m), 6.61 (2H, s), 6.66 (1H, dd, J = 1.2, 7.8 Hz), 6.75-6.9 (2H, m), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz). 54 —H —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.45 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 (5H, m), Hydrochloride 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.39 (1H, d, J = 13.9 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 3.9-4.1 (1H, m), 6.9-7.0 (2H, m), 7.15-7.3 (2H, m), 7.95-8.4 (1H, m), 9.65-10.1 (1H, m). 55 —CH₃ —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.99 (3H, s), 1.05-1.5 (8H, m), 1.55-1.75 (1H, Fumarate m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.8-2.95 (2H, m), 3.12 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 6.61 (2H, s), 6.8-6.9 (2H, m), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m). 56 —H —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 1.21-1.62 (2H, m), 1.38 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), Hydrochloride 1.67-2.09 (6H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.70-3.74 (1H, m), 4.04-4.10 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 2.6 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.03-8.52 (1H, br), 9.77-10.21 (1H, br) 57 —CH₃ —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.23-1.72 (4H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.89 (3H, s), 2.01-2.11 Hydrochloride (1H, m), 2.20-2.29 (1H, m), 2.37-2.55 (1H, m), 2.68-2.83 (1H, m), 2.79 (3H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.54-3.65 (1H, m), 3.76-3.83 (1H, m), 3.78 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 6.88 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 2.9 Hz), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 11.48 (1H, brs) 58 —H —H —Cl —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 1.24-1.57 (3H, m), 1.37 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), Hydrochloride 1.64-1.81 (4H, m), 1.87-2.01 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.65-3.79 (1H, m), 3.90-4.06 (1H, m), 6.89-6.94 (1H, m), 7.08-7.11 (1H, m), 7.20-7.27 (1H, m), 7.90-8.21 (1H, br), 9.55-9.81 (1H, br)

TABLE 9 Absolute configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 59 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.85 (7H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m), 7.22-7.29 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 60 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.3 (8H, m), 1.3-1.5 (6H, m), 1.65-1.85 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J = 7.0 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.2-7.3 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 61 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.5 (6H, m), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.65-2.1 (5H, m), 3.06 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 4.1-4.2 (1H, m), 4.42 (1H, br), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.31 (1H, ddd, J= 4.5, 12.8, 12.8 Hz), 7.47 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 9.2 Hz), 7.54 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 10.2 Hz), 7.75-7.8 (2H, m), 8.1-8.25 (1H, m), 9.75-9.95 (1H, m). Dihydro- chloride 62 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.5-1.65 (7H, m), 1.65-1.85 (2H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 1.26 Hz), 3.4-3.6 (2H, m), 4.2-4.35 (1H, m), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.43 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.5-7.6 (2H, m), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.85-7.95 (1H, m), 7.95-8.15 (1H, m), 8.2-8.3 (1H, m), 9.65-9.85 (1H, m). Hydro- chloride 63 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.5-1.7 (7H, m), 1.7-1.85 (2H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.77 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (1H, m), 3.52 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 4.2-4.3 (1H, m), 7.05-7.15 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 10.5 Hz), 7.6-7.7 (2H, m), 8.0-8.15 (2H, m), 8.3-8.4 (1H, m), 9.7-9.95 (1H, m). Hydro- chloride

TABLE 10 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 64 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.5-1.7 (7H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 1.95-2.15 (2H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.0-4.2 (4H, m), 4.3-4.4 (1H, m), 7.35-7.5 (1H, m), 7.8-8.05 (3H, m), 8.05-8.3 (1H, m), 9.1-9.4 (2H, m), 10.0-10.25 (1H, m). Trihydro- chloride 65 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.05 (3H, m), 1.24 (3H, s), 1.35-1.45 (5H, m), 1.55-1.8 (3H, m), 1.9-2.05 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 7.45-7.5 (1H, m), 7.6-7.7 (1H, m), 8.0-8.1 (2H, m), 8.68 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz). — 66 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.35-1.5 (6H, m), 1.62 (3H, s), 1.7-2.0 (3H, m), 2.0-2.15 (2H, m), 2.7-4.3 (4H, m), 4.25-4.4 (1H, m), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J = 5.2, 8.5 Hz), 8.04 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 9.6 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 8.5-8.6 (1H, m), 8.79 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.93 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 5.2 Hz), 10.22 (1H, d, J = 10.1 Hz). Dihydro- chloride 67 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.41 (3H, s), 1.45-1.6 (3H, m), 1.62 (3H, s), 1.7-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85-2.0 (1H, m), 2.05-2.25 (2H, m), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 14.5 Hz), 3.37 (1H, br), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 4.09 (1H, d, J = 14.4 Hz), 4.4-4.5 (1H, m), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.85 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.5 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 8.25-8.35 (2H, m), 8.6-8.75 (1H, m), 9.36 (1H, s), 10.2-10.4 (1H, m). Dihydro- chloride

TABLE 11 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 68 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (6H, m), 1.45-1.8 (3H, m), 1.8-2.0 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.19 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.15-7.3 (1H, m), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz). — 69 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.55 (3H, s), 1.6-2.15 (5H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.71 (1H, br), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.82 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.05-8.25 (1H, m), 9.75-10.0 (1H, m). Dihydrochloride 70 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.5 (11H, m), 1.55-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.65-5.05 (6H, m), 6.61 (2H, s), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 0.5, 5.4 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.75 (1, d, J = 8.9 Hz). Fumarate 71 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 (5H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.43 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.7-3.9 (1H, m), 4.0-4.2 (1H, m), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.9 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.4-7.55 (2H, m), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.14 (1H, br), 9.84 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 72 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.45-1.7 (7H, m ), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 1.9-2.2 (2H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.75-4.0 (2H, m), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.24 (1H, br), 9.94 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 12 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 73 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.55-2.05 (5H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.2-3.4 (1H, m), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 5.5 Hz), 7.15-7.25 (3H, m), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.08 (1H, br), 9.80 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 74 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.54 (3H. s), 1.6-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H. m), 4.83 (1H, br), 6.8-6.85 (1H, m), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.0 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.11 (1H, br), 9.91 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 75 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.5 (6H, m), 1.55 (3H, s), 1.6-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.15 (1H, m), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 4.50 (1H, br), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.98 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.7 Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 0.7H), 8.20 (1H, br), 9.85-10.2 (1H, m). Dihydrochloride 76 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (3H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 3.2-3.4 (2H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.15-4.25 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 7.7 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.1-8.35 (1H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 77 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.45 (11H, m), 1.6-1.8 (3H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.50 (1H, ddd, J = 3.8, 3.8, 12.1 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 6.47 (1H, dd, J = 3.4, 8.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 2.5 Hz), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 10.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). — 78 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.15 (2H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.25-1.45 (6H, m), 1.6-1.8 (3H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (2H, m), 6.53 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). — 79 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-1.95 (3H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.39 (3H, s), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.95-8.15 (1H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 80 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.52 (6H, s), 1.55-1.65 (1H, m), 1.65-1.95 (3H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.85 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.95 (1, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.95-8.15 (1H, m), 9.75-10.0 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 81 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (3H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J =13.2 Hz), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 4.4, 8.7 Hz), 6.98 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.1-8.3 (1H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride

TABLE 13 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 82 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.1-1.2 (20H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (6H, m), 1.55-1.8 (6H, m), 1.8-2.0 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.64 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.00 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J '2= 3.2 Hz). — 83 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.13 (18H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.28 (3H, s), 1.3-1.6 (5H, m), 1.55-1.8 (7H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 8.48 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 84 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.1-1.2 (18H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.29 (3H, s), 1.3-1.5 (5H, m), 1.55-1.8 (7H, m), 2.79 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.6 (2H, m), 6.48 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 6.82 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 6.93 (1H, s), 7.08 (1H, d, J =3.2 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). —

TABLE 14 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 85 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.15 (2H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.25-1.45 (5H, m), 1.5-1.8 (4H, m), 1.8-2.0 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, dd, J = 0.9, 7.4 Hz), 6.55-6.6 (1H, m), 6.95-7.05 (1H, m), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 8.15 (1H, br). — 86 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35 (7H, bs), 1.45-1.9 (5H, m), 2.93 (2H, s), 3.6-3.8 (2H, m), 6.2-6.3 (1H,m), 6.50 (2H, s), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.15-7.3 (2H, m), 10.80 (1H, s). Fumarate 87 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05-1.85 (15H, m), 2.79 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 6.35-6.45 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, s), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 3.2 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.89 (1H, br). —

TABLE 15 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 88 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.05 (2H, m), 1.25-1.4 (4H, m), 1.40 (3H, s), 1.5-2.0 (5H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.74 (3H, s), 3.8-3.9 (2H, m), 6.44 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 5.8 Hz), 6.5-6.55 (3H, m), 6.95-7.05 (2H, m), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz). Fumarate 89 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.32 (7H, bs), 1.45-1.85 (6H, m), 2.85-2.95 (2H, m), 3.63 (1H, br), 3.65-3.8 (4H, m), 6.24 (1H, dd, J = 0.6, 3.0 Hz), 6.50 (2H, s), 6.9-7.0 (2H, m), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). Fumarate 90 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.3 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (7H, m), 1.5-1.9 (5H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.62 (1H, br), 3.70 (3H, s), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.25 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.52 (2H, s), 6.75-6.85 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). Fumarate 91 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.6-2.4 (15H, m), 2.7-3.3 (2H, m), 3.4-3.8 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.95-7.05 (2H, m), 7.15-7.3 (2H, m). —

TABLE 16 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 92 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.4 (9H, m), 1.45-1.75 (4H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.20 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.4-3.5 (1H, m), 3.6-3.9 (1H, m), 6.51 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.1 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.85 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 9.01 (1H, s). Hemifumarate 93 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.55-1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-2.15 (6H, m), 2.7-2.95 (5H, m), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.75-3.95 (1H, m), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz), 7.95-8.2 (1H, m), 9.75-10.0 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 94 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.3 (2H, m), 1.3-1.5 (4H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 1.9-2.1 (3H, m), 2.74 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.79 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.22 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.2 Hz), 6.6-6.85 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.6-8.4 (2H, m), 9.85-10.2 (1H, m). Dihydrochloride 95 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.02 (1H, d, J = , 13.0 Hz), 3.11 (2H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (2H, m), 4.44 (2H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 4.7-5.5 (1H, m), 6.6-6.7 (2H, m), 6.85-6.95 (1H, m), 8.09 (1H, br), 9.94 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 17 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 96 —H —F —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.46 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.6-1.85 (3H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.95-7.05 (1H, m), 7.05-7.2 (3H, m), 8.0-8.2 (1H, m), 9.55-9.75 (1H, m). 97 —H —H —H —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (4H, m), 1.53 Dihydrochloride (3H, s), 1.6-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.15 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.65-3.85 (1H, m), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 4.2-5.8 (1H, m), 6.85-7.0 (2H, m), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m), 8.19 (1H, br), 10.05 (1H, br). 98 —H —H —F —OCH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (4H, m), 1.52 Dihydrochloride (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.22 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (4H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.6-6.7 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.7 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 9.5 Hz), 8.05-8.25 (1H, m), 9.94 (1H, br). 99 —H —H —OCH₃ —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.55 (3H, s), 1.6-1.95 Dihydrochloride (4H, m), 2.0-2.15 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 6.4-6.5 (1H, m), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 7.6 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 11.3 Hz), 8.0 (1H, br), 8.15-8.35 (1H, m), 10.0-10.15 (1H, m). 100 —H —F —F —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-14.5 (1H, m), 1.46 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-1.85 (3H, m), 1.9-2.05 (2H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.6-3.9 (1H, m), 6.85-6.95 (1H, m), 6.95-7.05 (1H, m), 7.05-7.15 (1H, m), 8.05-8.35 (1H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). 101 —H —H —H —F —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.4 (9H, m), 1.4-1.9 (5H, m), 2.72 Fumarate (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.8-4.6 (6H, m), 6.54 (2H, s), 6.6-6.7 (1H, m), 6.85-7.0 (1H, m), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 19.9 Hz). 102 —H —H —F —F —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.5 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.65-2.1 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.46 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.8-6.95 (2H, m), 8.15-8.35 (1H, m), 9.85-10.1 (1H, m). 103 —H —H —F —OCH₃ —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.55 (9H, m), 1.6-1.85 (4H, m), Hydrochloride 1.85-2.05 (1H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.43 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.85-3.75 (1H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 6.6-6.8 (2H, m), 8.06 (1H, br), 9.57 (1H, br). 104 —H —Cl —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-1.85 (3H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.74 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.41 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 7.05-7.15 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 8.0 Hz), 7.25-7.35 (1H, m), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 1.5, 7.9 Hz), 8.02 (1H, br), 9.63 (1H, br). 105 —H —H —Cl —OCH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 Dihydrochloride (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.20 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (4H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 5.9 (1H, br), 6.88 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 9.1 Hz), 7.0-7.05 (1H, m), 8.11 (1H, br), 9.90 (1H, br). 106 —H —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.8-2.1 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.40 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.65-3.85 (1H, m), 3.9-4.1 (1H, m), 6.8-7.05 (2H, m), 7.1-7.35 (2H, m), 8.14 (1H, br), 9.77 (1H, br). 107 —CH₃ —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.98 (3H, s), 1.05-1.2 (4H, m), 1.2-1.45 Fumarate (4H, m), 1.55-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.16 (3H, s), 2.65-4.2 (4H, m), 6.61 (2H, s), 6.8-6.9 (2H, m), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m), 12.8 (2H, br). 108 —H —H —OCH₃ —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.5-1.6 (3H, m), 1.6-1.95 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.3-3.5 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.52 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.9 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.19 (1H, br), 9.75-10.1 (1H, m). 109 —H —Cl —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.47 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.6-1.85 (3H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 7.9 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz), 7.37 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz), 8.01 (1H, br), 9.5-9.7 (1H, m). 110 —H —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-2.15 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.49 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.6-3.8 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 9.1 Hz), 7.05-7.25 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.95-8.4 (1H, m), 9.6-10.15 (1H, m). 111 —CH₃ —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.96 (3H, s), 1.05-1.2 (4H, m), 1.2-1.5 3/2 Fumarate (4H, m), 1.6-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.14 (3H, s), 2.75-2.95 (2H, m), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.7-3.9 (1H, m), 6.62 (3H, s), 6.87 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 9.1 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 11.0 (3H, br). 112 —H —H —Cl —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.9-2.05 (1H, s), 2.01 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (1H, m), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 6.85-7.0 (1H, m), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 6.2 Hz), 7.25 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 9.1 Hz), 8.13 (1H, br), 9.86 (1H, br). 113 —H —H —F —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.50 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 9.1 Hz), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 13.4 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 9.0 Hz), 8.22 (1H, br), 9.90 (1H, br).

TABLE 18 Absolute configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 114 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.85 (7H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.26 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.0 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 115 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05 (3H, s), 1.15-1.5 (8H, m), 1.65-1.8 (1H, m), 2.0-2.15 (2H, m), 2.18 (3H, s), 2.9-3.0 (2H, m), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m), 7.15-7.3 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 116 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.3 (8H, m), 1.3-1.85 (10H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J = 7.0 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.2-7.3 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 117 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.5 (6H, m), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.65-2.15 (5H, m), 3.06 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.47 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 4.15-4.25 (1H, m), 5.02 (1H, br), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.31 (1H, ddd, J = 4.5, 12.8, 12.8 Hz), 7.47 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.2 Hz), 7.54 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 10.2 Hz), 7.75-7.8 (2H, m), 8.15-8.3 (1H, m), 9.9-10.0 (1H, m). Dihydro- chloride 118 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.45-1.7 (7H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.45-3.6 (2H, m), 4.15-4.3 (1H, m), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.43 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.5-7.6 (2H, m), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.85-7.95 (1H, m), 8.0-8.2 (1H, m), 8.2-8.3 (1H, m), 9.7-9.95 (1H, m). Hydro- chloride 119 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.5-1.7 (7H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.77 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (1H, m), 3.52 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 4.2-4.3 (1H, m), 7.05-7.15 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 10.5 Hz), 7.6-7.7 (2H, m), 8.0-8.2 (2H, m), 8.3-8.4 (1H, m), 9.8-10.0 (1H, m). Hydro- chloride

TABLE 19 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 120 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1, m), 1.5-1.7 (7H, m), 1.7-1.85 (2H, m), 1.95-2.1 (2H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.0-3.9 (4H, m), 4.3-4.4 (1H, m), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.8-7.9 (1H, m), 7.9-8.0 (2H, m), 8.1-8.2 (1H, m), 9.1-9.25 (2H, m), 9.98 (1H, br). Trihydrochloride 121 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.05 (3H, m), 1.24 (3H, s), 1.35-1.45 (6H, m), 1.55-1.8 (3H, m), 1.9-2.05 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 7.45-7.5 (1H, m), 7.6-7.7 (1H, m), 8.0-8.1 (2H, m), 8.68 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz). — 122 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.35-1.5 (6H, m), 1.61 (3H, s), 1.7-2.0 (3H, m), 2.0-2.15 (2H, m), 2.8-4.2 (4H, m), 4.25-4.4 (1H, m), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 5.2, 8.5 Hz), 8.04 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 9.6 Hz), 8.23 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 8.45-8.6 (1H, m), 8.78 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.92 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 5.2 Hz), 10.21 (1H, d, J = 10.6 Hz). Dihydrochloride 123 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.41 (3H, s), 1.45-1.6 (3H, m), 1.63 (3H, s), 1.7-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85-2.05 (1H, m), 2.05-2.25 (2H, m), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 14.5 Hz), 3.39 (1H, br), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 4.10 (1H, d, J = 14.4 Hz), 4.4-4.5 (1H, m), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.5 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz), 8.25-8.35 (2H, m), 8.65-8.85 (1H, m), 9.37 (1H, s), 10.3-10.45 (1H, m). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 20 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 124 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.15 (2H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (5H, m), 1.45-1.8 (4H, m), 1.8-2.0 (1H, m), 2.64 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.18 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.15-7.3 (1H, m), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz). — 125 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.8-1.05 (2H, m), 1.13 (3H, s), 1.15-1.45 (6H, m), 1.5-1.65 (1H, m), 2.0-2.2 (2H, m), 2.23 (3H, s), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.8-3.9 (3H, m), 6.61 (4H, s), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.24 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 13.0 (4H, br). Difumarate 126 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 (5H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.9 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.82 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.95-8.3 (1H, m), 9.65-9.95 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 127 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.5 (11H, m), 1.55-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.18 (3H, s), 2.6-4.75 (6H, m), 6.61 (2H, s), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). Fumarate 128 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.6-2.05 (5H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.44 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.9 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.95-8.2 (1H, m), 9.55-9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 129 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.5 (6H, m), 1.61 (3H, s), 1.65-1.9 (3H, m), 2.05-2.3 (2H, m), 2.74 (3H, d, J = 4.7 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 13.9 Hz), 3.58 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 4.1-4.25 (1H, m), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.9 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.42 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 130 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.53 (6H, s), 1.55-1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 1.9-2.15 (2H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.75-4.0 (2H, m), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.35 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.18 (1H, br), 9.81 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 21 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 131 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 (5H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.30 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.65-6.75 (1H, m), 7.1-7.25 (3H, m), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.0-8.25 (1H, m), 9.7-10.05 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 132 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.25 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.55-1.9 (6H, m), 2.1-2.35 (2H, m), 2.75 (3H, d, J = 4.7 Hz), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.55 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.85-4.1 (2H, m), 6.65-6.75 (1H, m), 7.15-7.25 (3H, m), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 9.48 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 133 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.55 (3H, s), 1.6-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.20 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 5.29 (1H, br), 6.8-6.85 (1H, m), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.15 (1H, br), 9.99 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 134 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.6-2.0 (4H, m), 2.0-2.15 (1H, m), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.35 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.65-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 6.75-6.85 (1H, m), 6.98 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.5-8.0 (2H, m), 8.15-8.35 (1H, m), 10.0-10.2 (1H, m). Dihydrochloride 135 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.55 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (3H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 3.2-3.4 (2H, m), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 4.15-4.25 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 7.7 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.1-8.35 (1H, m), 9.75-9.95 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 136 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.45 (11H, m), 1.6-1.8 (3H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.85 (1H, m), 6.47 (1H, dd, J = 3.4, 8.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 2.5 Hz), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 10.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 137 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.15 (2H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.25-1.45 (6H, m), 1.6-1.8 (3H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (2H, m), 6.53 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). — 138 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.6-1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-2.0 (3H, m), 2.0-2.05 (1H, m), 2.39 (3H, s), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.0-8.15 (1H, m), 9.57-9.95 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 139 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.52 (6H, s), 1.55-1.65 (1H, m), 1.85-1.95 (3H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.86 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.95-8.15 (1H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 140 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.8-1.9 (3H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 4.4, 8.7 Hz), 6.98 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.1-8.3 (1H, m), 9.75-9.95 (1H, m). Hydrochloride

TABLE 22 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 141 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.1-1.2 (20H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (6H, m), 1.55-1.8 (6H, m), 1.8-2.0 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.64 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.00 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz). — 142 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.13 (18H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.28 (3H, s), 1.3-1.6 (5H, m), 1.6-1.8 (7H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 6.48 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.1 Hz), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). —

TABLE 23 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 143 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.15 (2H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.25-1.45 (5H, m), 1.45-1.8 (4H, m), 1.8-2.0 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.55-6.65 (1H, m), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 8.16 (1H, br). — 144 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.25 (2H, m), 1.33 (7H, bs), 1.45-1.9 (5H, m), 2.8-3.0 (2H, m), 3.0-4.05 (5H, m), 6.2-6.3 (1H, m), 6.50 (2H, s), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.8 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, = 1.9 Hz), 7.15-7.3 (2H, m), 10.79 (1H, s). Fumarate 145 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.05 (2H, m), 1.25-1.4 (4H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.5-2.0 (5H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.74 (3H, s), 3.8-3.95 (2H, m), 6.45 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 6.2 Hz), 6.5-6.55 (3H, m), 6.95-7.05 (2H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz). Fumarate 146 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.5 (11H, m), 1.6-1.7 (1H, m), 2.05-2.3 (5H, m), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.05-3.15 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.75 (3H, s), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.45-6.55 (2H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.1 Hz). — 147 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.33 (7H, bs), 1.45-1.85 (6H, m), 2.85-2.95 (2H, m), 3.64 (1H, br), 3.7-3.8 (4H, m), 6.24 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.0 Hz), 6.51 (2H, s), 6.9-7.0 (2H, m), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). Fumarate 148 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.3 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (7H, m), 1.5-1.9 (5H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.65 (1H, br), 3.70 (3H, s), 3.8-3.95 (1H, m), 6.25 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.51 (2H, s), 6.75-6.85 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz). Fumarate 149 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.06 (3H, s), 1.1-1.5 (8H, m), 1.65-1.75 (1H, m), 2.0-2.15 (2H, m), 2.18 (3H, s), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.95-3.0 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.65-3.75 (4H, m), 6.34 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.1 Hz), 6.62 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 6.8-6.9 (2H, m), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz). — 150 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.7-2.3 (15H, m), 2.7-3.2 (2H, m), 3.5-3.8 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.95-7.05 (2H, m), 7.15-7.3 (2H, m). —

TABLE 24 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 151 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.4 (9H, m), 1.45-1.8 (4H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.22 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.45-3.5 (1H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.1 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.85 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 9.02 (1H, s). Hemifumarate 152 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.55-1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-2.15 (6H, m), 2.7-2.95 (5H, m), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz), 7.95-8.2 (1H, m), 9.7-9.95 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 153 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 1.9-2.1 (3H, m), 2.74 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.79 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.22 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.2 Hz), 6.8-6.85 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.33 (1H, br), 8.0-8.3 (1H, m), 9.9-10.1 (1H, m). Dihydrochloride 154 —H

1H-NMR (DMSOd6) δppm: 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.02 (1H, d, J = , 13.0 Hz), 3.11 (2H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (2H, m), 4.44 (2H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 5.96 (1H, br), 6.6-6.7 (2H, m), 6.85-6.95 (1H, m), 8.0-8.25 (1H, m), 9.9-10.2 (1H, m). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 25 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 155 —H —F —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.25 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.46 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.65-1.85 (3H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.95-7.05 (1H, m), 7.05-7.2 (3H, m), 8.09 (1H, br), 9.68 (1H, br). 156 —H —H —H —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.45 (8H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-2.15 Dihydrochloride (5H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.35-3.4 (3H, m), 6.85-7.0 (2H, m), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m), 8.16 (1H, br), 9.94 (1H, br). 157 —CH₃ —H —H —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.98 (3H, s), 1.0-1.1 (1H, m), 1.16 (3H, Fumarate s), 1.2-1.45 (4H, m), 1.55-1.7 (1H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, s), 2.15 (3H, s), 2.35-4.55 (4H, m), 6.59 (2H, s), 6.8-6.9 (2H, m), 6.9-7.05 (2H, m), 12.9 (2H, br). 158 —H —H —F —OCH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (4H, m), 1.51 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.22 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (4H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.6-6.7 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.7 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 9.5 Hz), 8.12 (1H, m), 9.90 (1H, br). 159 —H —H —OCH₃ —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.6-1.95 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 2.0-2.15 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.9-4.05 (1H, m), 6.4-6.5 (1H, m), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 7.6 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 11.3 Hz), 7.75 (1H, br), 8.15-8.35 (1H, m), 10.0-10.15 (1H, m). 160 —H —F —F —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.46 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-1.85 (4H, m), 1.9-2.05 (3H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.85-6.95 (1H, m), 6.95-7.05 (1H, m), 7.05-7.15 (1H, m), 8.1-8.3 (1H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). 161 —H —H —F —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-2.15 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.2-3.45 (1H, m), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 3.9-4.1 (1H, m), 6.65-6.8 (1H, m), 6.95-7.1 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, dd, J = 9.4, 19.8 Hz), 8.0-8.35 (1H, m), 9.75-10.1 (1H, m). 162 —CH₃ —H —F —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97 (3H, s), 1.05-1.2 (4H, m), 1.2-1.45 Fumarate (4H, m), 1.6-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, s), 2.14 (3H, s), 2.65-4.05 (4H, m), 6.55-6.7 (3H, m), 6.8-6.95 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 20.0 Hz), 13.0 (2H, br). 163 —H —H —F —F —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.5 (6H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.65-1.9 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.47 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.8-6.95 (2H, m), 8.1-8.3 (1H, m), 9.75-9.95 (1H, m). 164 —H —H —F —OCH₃ —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.9-2.1 (1H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 6.6-6.85 (2H, m), 8.16 (1H, br), 9.85 (1H, br). 165 —H —Cl —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.49 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-1.85 (3H, m), 1.9-2.1 (2H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.41 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 7.05-7.15 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 8.0 Hz), 7.25-7.35 (1H, m), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz), 8.09 (1H, br), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). 166 —H —H —Cl —OCH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.45 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 Dihydrochloride (4H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.19 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (4H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 5.9 (1H, br), 6.88 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 9.0 Hz), 7.0-7.05 (1H, m), 8.15 (1H, br), 10.00 (1H, br). 167 —H —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.2-3.5 (1H, m), 3.65-3.85 (1H, m), 3.9-4.1 (1H, m), 6.96 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.24 (2H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.14 (1H, br), 9.45-10.0 (1H, m). 168 —CH₃ —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97 (3H, s), 1.05-1.2 (4H, m), 1.2-1.45 Fumarate (4H, m), 1.6-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.14 (3H, s), 2.65-4.35 (4H, m), 6.61 (2H, s), 6.8-6.9 (2H, m), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m), 12.9 (2H, br). 169 —H —Cl —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.47 Hydrochloride (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.6-1.85 (3H, m), 1.9-2.05 (2H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 7.9 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz), 7.37 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz), 8.02 (1H, br), 9.61 (1H, br). 170 —H —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.49 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 9.1 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.95-8.35 (1H, m), 9.6-10.05 (1H, m), 171 —CH₃ —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95 (3H, s), 1.05-1.2 (4H, m), 1.2-1.5 3/2 Fumarate (4H, m), 1.55-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.13 (3H, s), 2.75-2.9 (2H, m), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.62 (3H, s), 6.87 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 9.1 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 11.0 (3H, br). 172 —H —H —Cl —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.45 (6H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.9-2.1 (1H, s), 2.00 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 3.25-3.45 (1H, m), 3.65-3.85 (1H, m), 3.9-4.1 (1H, m), 6.85-7.0 (1H, m), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 6.3 Hz), 7.25 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 9.1 Hz), 8.12 (1H, br), 9.82 (1H, br). 173 —H —H —F —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.45 (6H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-2.1 Hydrochloride (5H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.51 (1H, d, J = 13.9 Hz), 3.65-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.9 Hz), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 13.4 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 9.0 Hz), 8.16 (1H, br), 9.77 (1H, br). 174 —H —H —OCH₃ —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.5 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.65-1.95 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.52 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 8.9 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.18 (1H, br), 9.88 (1H, br).

TABLE 26 Relative configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 175 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.04-1.21 (1H, m), 1.25-1.46 (2H, m), 1.64-1.88 (3H, m), 1.67 (3H, s), 1.77 (3H, s), 2.00-2.12 (1H, m), 2.34-2.40 (1H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.13-3.29 (2H, m), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.29-7.34 (1H, m), 7.41-7.51 (2H, m), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.77-7.82 (3H, m), 9.51 (1H, brs), 9.79 (1H, brs) Hydrochloride 176 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.11 (1H, m), 1.25-1.39 (2H, m), 1.58-1.81 (3H, m), 1.65 (3H, s), 1.75 (3H, s), 1.96-2.10 (1H, m), 2.32-2.37 (1H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.06-3.15 (1H, m), 3.18-3.36 (2H, m), 3.39 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.291H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.64 (1H, s), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 9.46 (1H, brs), 9.75 (1H, brs) Hydrochloride 177 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 0.92-1.37 (3H, m), 1.27 (3H, s), 1.40-1.60 (3H, m), 1.52 (3H, s),1.80-1.75 (1H, m), 1.80-1.90 (1H, m), 2.60-2.73 (1H, m), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.00-3.12 (1H, m), 3.13-3.69 (3H, br), 3.76 (3H, s), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.50 (2H, s), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 1.6 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). Fumarate 178 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97-1.09 (1H, m), 1.23-1.38 (2H, m), 1.62-1.68 (3H, m), 1.63 (3H, s), 1.68 (3H, s), 1.92-2.05 (1H, m), 2.29-2.36 (1H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.94-3.03 (1H, m), 3.11-3.22 (1H, m), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 9.50 (1H, brs), 9.78 (1H, brs) Hydrochloride

TABLE 27 Absolute configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 179 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.26-2.30 (8H, m), 1.79 (3H, s), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.51-2.57 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.90-4.30 (2H, m), 4.08 (1H, d , J = 13.2 Hz), 7.56-7.69 (2H, m), 7.83-8.01 (4H, m), 8.50 (1H, brs), 10.07 (1H, brs), 10.26 (1H, brs) Dihydro- choride 180 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.36 (1H, m), 1.42-1.76 (4H, m), 1.76 (3H, s), 1.91-1.93 (1H, m), 2.03-2.18 (1H, m), 2.16 (3H, s), 2.30-2.53 (2H, m), 2.85 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.49 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 4.06-4.21 (1H, m), 4.68 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 4.95-5.05 (1H, m), 7.55-7.67 (2H, m), 7.89-8.05 (4H, m), 8.95 (1H, br), 13.17 (1H, brs) Dihydro- chloride 181 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.94-1.25 (2H, m), 1.25-1.45 (5H, m), 1.45-1.55 (1H, m), 1.55-1.80 (5H, m), 1.95-2.10 (1H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.97-3.11 (2H, m), 3.36-3.51 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.50-7.59 (3H, m), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.89-7.96 (1H, m), 8.42-8.48 (1H, m), 8.97-9.24 (1H, br), 9.50-9.80 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride 182 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.21-2.12 (8H, m), 1.77 (3H, s), 2.11 (3H, s), 2.49-2.55 (1H, m), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.64-4.22 (3H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 7.15-7.24 (2H, m), 7.68-7.85 (3H, m), 8.25 (1H, brs), 10.04 (2H, brs) Dihydro- chloride 183 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.50 (2H, m), 1.63-2.28 (7H, m), 1.70 (3H, s), 1.95 (3H, s), 2.81 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.49-3.85 (1H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.22-4.70 (2H, br), 7.14-7.25 (2H, m), 7.68-7.82 (3H, m), 7.97-8.60 (1H, br), 12.21 (1H, brs) Dihydro- chloride 184 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.01-1.48 (6H, m), 1.48-1.85 (7H, m), 1.95-2.12 (1H, m), 2.88-3.33 (4H, m), 4.45-5.45 (1H, br), 7.30-7.48 (2H, m), 7.62-7.75 (2H, m), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.99 (1H, dd, J = 5.8, 9.1 Hz), 9.07-9.38 (1H, br), 9.60-9.88 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride

TABLE 28 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 185 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.07 (1H, m), 1.25-1.33 (2H, m), 1.48-1.86 (3H, m), 1.65 (3H, s), 1.85 (3H, s), 1.95-2.12 (1H, m), 2.37-2.42 (1H, m), 2.86 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.20-3.35 (2H, m), 3.32 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.35 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 9.57 (1H, brs), 9.87 (1H, brs) Hydrochloride 186 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-2.18 (8H, m), 1.76 (3H, s), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.47-2.54 (1H, m), 3.26 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.72-4.05 (2H, m), 3.92 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.65-7.80 (1H, m), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.34 (1H, brs), 10.15 (2H, brs) Dihydrochloride 187 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.23-1.76 (5H, m), 1.75 (3H, s), 1.84-2.21 (2H, m), 2.14 (3H, s), 2.24-2.44 (2H, m), 2.86 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.49 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 4.06-4.20 (1H, m), 4.65 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 4.90-5.01 (1H, m), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.74-9.30 (2H, br), 7.97-8.10 (1H, m), 13.12 (1H, brs) Dihydrochloride 188 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.26-2.06 (8H, m), 1.75 (3H, s), 2.05 (3H, s), 2.46-2.52 (1H, m), 3.23 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.70-4.05 (2H, br), 3.86 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.67 (1H, brs), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.38 (1H, brs), 10.03 (2H, brs) Dihydrochloride 189 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-1.35 (1H, m), 1.39-1.53 (1H, m), 1.55-1.75 (2H, m), 1.74 (3H, s), 1.84-1.96 (1H, m), 2.02-2.39 (4H, m), 2.08 (3H, s), 2.84 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.96-4.07 (1H, m), 4.56 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 4.76-4.84 (1H, m), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.63 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.90-7.99 (2H, m), 8.780 (1H, br), 13.05 (1H, brs) Dihydrochoride 190 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.48 (6H, m), 1.48-1.80 (7H, m), 1.90-2.07 (1H, m), 2.87-3.16 (3H, m), 3.16-3.32 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.40-7.52 (2H, m), 7.67-7.79 (2H, m), 8.92-9.22 (1H, br), 9.40-9.70 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 29 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 191 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.46 (6H, m), 1.46-1.85 (7H, m), 1.95-2.12 (1H, m), 2.80-3.40 (4H, m), 5.50-6.60 (1H, br), 6.75-7.20 (2H, m), 7.20-7.37 (1H, m), 7.37-1.53 (1H, m), 7.99 (1H, s), 9.00-9.50 (1H, br), 9.60-10.05 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 192 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 0.96-1.25 (2H, m), 1.26-1.51 (5H, m), 1.51-1.61 (1H, m), 1.61-1.78 (5H, m), 1.99-2.08 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.05-3.32 (3H, m), 3.58-4.12 (1H, br), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 3.8, 8.5 Hz), 7.08-7.18 (2H, m), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.10-9.35 (1H, br), 9.38-9.75 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 193 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 0.98-1.27 (2H, m), 1.27-1.46 (4H, m), 1.46-1.60 (2H, m), 1.60-1.80 (5H, m), 1.98-2.10 (1H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.05-3.35 (3H, m), 3.45-3.90 (1H, br), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.08-7.13 (1H, br), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.98-9.35 (1H, br), 9.35-9.72 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 194 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ ppm: 0.82-1.05 (2H, m), 1.07 (3H, s), 1.19-1.43 (3H, m), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.56-1.68 (1H, m), 1.68-1.90 (3H, m), 2.35-2.51 (4H, m), 2.51-2.70 (1H, m), 2.78-2.92 (2H, m), 6.83-6.89 (2H, m), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 195 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm at 80° C.: 0.96-1.25 (2H, m), 1.25-1.60 (6H, m), 1.60-1.79 (5H, m), 1.98-2.10 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.99-3.37 (3H, m), 3.93 (3H, s), 4.52-4.86 (1H, br), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.98-7.09 (1H, br), 7.87 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.02-9.40 (1H, br), 9.40-9.75 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 196 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-1.36 (1H, m), 1.41-1.63 (2H, m), 1.73-2.10 (5H, m), 1.78 (3H, s), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.36-2.69 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.82-4.40 (2H, br), 4.09 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.70-8.76 (2H, br), 9.50-10.65 (2H, br) Dihydrochloride 197 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm at 80° C.: 1.03-1.44 (6H, m), 1.51-1.79 (7H, m), 2.00-2.10 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.94-3.05 (1H, m), 3.10-3.23 (2H, m), 4.64-5.12 (1H, br), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 7.05-7.09 (1H, m), 7.33-7.36 (1H, br), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.89 (1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.97-9.26 (1H, br), 9.45-9.82 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 30 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 198 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.80 (35H, m), 1.80-2.05 (1H, br), 2.40-2.70 (2H, m), 2.81- 2.95 (1H, m), 3.00-3.15 (1H, m), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.00-7.13 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.23-7.34 (1H, m). — 199 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99-1.50 (5H, m), 1.07 (3H, s), 1.13 (9H, s), 1.15 (9H, s), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.58-1.73 (7H, m), 2.23-2.31 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.73-2.79 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 6.55 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 0.7 Hz), 6.92 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.1 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) — 200 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.85 (36H, m), 2.25-2.39 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.76-2.90 (2H, m), 6.54-6.60 (1H, m), 6.90 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.17-7.32 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). — 201 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01-1.44 (5H, m), 1.08 (3H, s), 1.13 (9H, s), 1.15 (9H, s), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.56-1.83 (7H, m), 2.25-2.33 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.77-2.83 (1H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 7.13 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 2.0 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.15 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz) —

TABLE 31 Absolute configuration

Melt- Ex- ing am- point ple R¹ R⁴ NMR (° C.) Salt 202 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-1.18 (5H, m), 1.18-1.46 (3H, m), 1.46-1.66 (4H, m), 1.66-2.05 (3H, m), 2.40-2.70 (2H, m), 2.80-2.98 (1H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 6.64-6.72 (1H, m), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 6.6 Hz), 7.07-7.20 (3H, m), 8.16-8.35 (1H, br). — 203 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.08 (1H, m), 1.07 (3H, s), 1.13-1.37 (4H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.55-1.73 (4H, m), 2.25-2.33 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.75-2.83 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 6.48-6.50 (1H, m), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 1.9 Hz), 7.17-7.20 (1H, m), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 8.11 (1H, brs) — 204 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01-1.30 (3H, m), 1.09 (3H, s), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.50-1.76 (4H, m), 1.99-2.15 (1H, m), 2.25 (3H, s), 2.27-2.36 (1H, m), 2.54-2.64 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 6.48-6.50 (1H, m), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz), 7.17-7.20 (1H, m), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.39 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, brs) — 205 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-1.40 (8H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.55-1.86 (4H, m), 2.27-2.40 (1H, m), 1.68 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.75-2.91 (2H, m), 6.48-6.56 (1H, m), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 7.13-7.22 (2H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.15-8.48 (1H, br). — 206 —H

1H-NMR (MeOH-d4) δppm: 0.87-1.95 (14H, m), 2.66-3.02 (3H, m), 3.00-3.30 (3H, m), 3.69 (3H, s), 6.43 (1H, s), 6.58 (1H, s), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.93-7.20 (3H, m). Hemi- fumarate 207 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.55 (11H, m), 1.63-1.85 (2H, m), 2.05-2.20 (1H, m), 2.41 (3H, brs), 2.60-3.00 (4H, m), 3.00-4.80 (5H, m), 6.35-6.52 (1H, br), 6.56 (2H, s), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.03-7.15 (1H, m), 7.15-7.30 (2H, m). Fumarate 208 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.89-1.40 (10H, m), 10.40-10.58 (2H, m), 10.63-10.80 (1H, m), 2.01-2.27 (1H, m), 2.39 (3H, s), 2.55-2.78 (3H, m), 2.92-3.06 (1H, m), 4.65 (5H, m), 6.35 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 6.55 (2H, s), 6.90-7.00 (1H, m), 7.24-7.32 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). Fumarate 209 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.63 (12H, m), 1.63-1.77 (1H, m), 1.82-1.99 (1H, m), 2.60-2.88 (2H, m), 2.91-3.14 (2H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 3.80-5.30 (2H, br), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.48 (2H, s), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.14 (1H, s), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.76-10.00 (1H, br). Fumarate 210 —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.35 (10H, m), 1.40-1.55 (2H, m), 1.55-1.80 (1H, m), 2.02-2.16 (1H, m), 2.39 (3H, s), 2.55-2.80 (3H, m), 2.90-3.08 (1H, m), 3.15-4.70 (5H, m), 6.32-6.40 (1H, m), 6.56 (2H, s), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.4 Hz), 7.14 (1H, s), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz). Fumarate 211 —H

209.8- 214.2 Fumarate 212 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.16 (1H, m), 1.09 (3H, s), 1.19-1.39 (4H, m), 1.44 (3H, s), 1.52-1.62 (2H, m), 1.69-1.82 (2H, m), 2.27-2.35 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.75-2.85 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 1.9 Hz), 7.37-7.48 (2H, m), 8.01 (1H, s), 9.54-10.80 (1H, br) — 213 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99-1.30 (4H, m), 1.10 (3H, s), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.41-1.67 (2H, br), 1.70-1.80 (1H, m), 1.98-2.16 (1H, m), 2.26 (3H, s), 2.20-2.37 (1H, m), 2.57-2.64 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 5.85 (1H, s), 7.21-7.26 (1H, m), 7.40-7.53 (2H, m), 8.01 (1H, s) — 214 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.51 (7H, m), 1.51-1.85 (6H, m), 1.92-2.20 (1H, brs), 2.60-3.70 (4H, m), 4.04 (3H, s), 6.85-7.90 (3H, m), 7.90-8.18 (1H, brs), 8.75-10.40 (3H, brm). Dihydro- chloride 215 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.40 (6H, m), 1.40-1.65 (6H, m), 1.65-1.80 (1H, m), 1.85-2.00 (1H, m), 2.65-2.80 (2H, m), 2.85-3.00 (1H, m), 3.00-3.21 (1H, m), 3.98-4.55 (1H, br), 6.00 (2H, s), 6.55-6.65 (1H, m), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.65-8.95 (1H, br), 9.22-9.52 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 216 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 1.04-1.46 (4H, m), 1.35 (3H, s), 1.50-1.75 (4H, m), 1.59 (3H, s), 1.94-1.99 (1H, m), 2.82-2.92 (1H, m), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.13-3.28 (1H, m), 7.28 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.85-9.05 (1H, br), 9.41 (1H, s), 9.48-9.56 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride

TABLE 32 Absolute configuration

Ex- Melting ample R¹ R⁴ NMR point (° C.) Salt 217 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.44 (6H, m), 1.50-1.79 (7H, m), 1.96-2.08 (1H, m), 2.82-3.00 (2H, m), 3.00-3.25 (2H, m), 3.61 (3H, s), 6.62 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 7.38-7.46 (1H, m), 7.48-7.58 (2H, m), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 7.98-8.62 (1H, br), 9.14-9.37 (1H, br), 9.65-9.88 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 218 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.87-1.03 (1H, m), 1.09 (3H, m), 1.15-1.46 (4H, m), 1.46-1.65 (5H, m), 1.65-1.88 (2H, m), 2.47-2.60 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.90-3.04 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.40 (1H, dd, J = 4.2, 8.5 Hz), 7.65-7.72 (1H, m), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.85 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.90 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 4.2 Hz). — 219 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.12 (5H, m), 1.22-1.46 (3H, m), 1.55-1.70 (4H, m), 1.73-1.90 (3H, m), 2.50 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.92-3.05 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 7.49-7.56 (1H, m), 7.65-7.72 (1H, m), 8.05-8.10 (1H, m), 8.36 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 8.4 Hz), 8.84 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz). — 220 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-1.17 (5H, m), 1.21-1.50 (6H, m), 1.61-1.88 (4H, m), 2.42-2.50 (1H, m), 2.74 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.80-2.90 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 7.31-7.39 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.06 (1H, dd, J = 1.1, 8.3 Hz), 8.81 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 4.2 Hz). — 221 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.04-1.20 (4H, m), 1.20-1.48 (7H, m), 1.67-1.86 (3H, m), 1.96 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 13.0), 2.61-2.70 (1H, m), 2.82-2.95 (2H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.32 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 5.8 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.41 (1H, d, J = 5.8 Hz), 9.09 (1H, s). —

TABLE 33 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 222 —H —H —H —F —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.21-1.36 (1H, m), 1.44-1.61 (2H, m),1.68-2.00 Dihydrochloride (3H, m), 1.78 (3H, s), 2.09-2.33 (1H, m), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.51-2.55 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.92-4.12 (1H, m), 4.15 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 4.37-4.44 (1H, m), 7.22-7.27 (4H, m), 7.90-8.46 (1H, br), 9.90-10.18 (1H, m), 10.32-10.60 (1H, brs) 223 —CH₃ —H —H —F —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.90-1.10 (1H, m), 1.14-1.38 (2H, m), 1.40-1.75 Dihydrochloride (2H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.69 (3H, s), 1.85-1.95 (1H, m), 2.01-2.23 (2H, m), 2.72 (3H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 2.87-3.08 (1H, m), 3.40-3.50 (1H, m), 3.60 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 6.98-7.04 (2H, m), 7.18-7.23 (2H, m), 12.10 (1H, brs) 224 —H —H —F —F —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.17-1.46 (3H, m), 1.53-1.74 (2H, m), 1.66 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.79 (3H, s), 1.79 (1H, brs), 1.88-2.05 (1H, m), 2.24-2.46 (1H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.10-3.40 (2H, m), 3.43 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.13-7.18 (2H, m), 7.20-7.28 (1H, m), 9.40-9.75 (1H, br), 9.76-10.08 (1H, br) 225 —CH₃ —H —F —F —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.19-1.41 (3H, m), 1.61 (8H, brs), 1.80-2.02 (1H, Hydrochloride m), 2.04-2.24 (2H, m), 2.74 (3H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.06-3.20 (1H, m), 3.62-3.78 (1H, m), 3.92 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 7.11-7.19 (2H, m), 7.27-7.32 (1H, m), 12.08 (1H, brs) 226 —H —H —Cl —F —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.13-1.42 (3H, m), 1.47-1.81 (3H, m), 1.65 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.74 (3H, s), 1.88-2.05 (1H, m), 2.32-2.38 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.07-3.16 (1H, m), 3.19-3.29 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.07-7.21 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 6.5, 2.3 Hz), 9.56 (1H, brs), 9.82-9.86 (1H, br) 227 —H —H —CH₃ —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.45 (6H, m), 1.45-1.81 (7H, m), Dihydrochloride 1.81-2.10 (1H, m), 2.22 (3H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 2.78-3.00 (2H, m), 3.00-3.27 (2H, m), 4.10-4.98 (1H, br), 6.96-7.23 (3H, m), 9.00-9.40 (1H, br), 9.58-9.92 (1H, br). 228 —H —H —OCH₃ —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm at 80° C.: 1.00-1.43 (6H, m), 1.49-1.77 (7H, Dihydrochloride m), 1.97-2.08 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.84-2.93 (1H, m), 3.04-3.18 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 4.30-4.57 (1H, br), 6.68-6.74 (1H, m), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 7.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 11.4 Hz), 8.94-9.25 (1H, br), 9.49-9.80 (1H, br). 229 —H —H —F —CH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.21-1.51 (2H, m), 1.62-1.97 (5H, m), 1.72 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.29 (3H, s), 2.44-2.49 (1H, m), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.66-3.87 (2H, m), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 7.25-7.31 (1H, m), 7.47-7.62 (2H, m), 10.00 (2H, brs) 230 —CH₃ —H —F —CH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.40 (3H, m), 1.48-1.75 (2H, m), 1.61 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.84-1.93 (1H, m), 2.11-2.16 (2H, m), 2.26 (3H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 2.73 (3H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.12-3.24 (1H, m), 3.65-3.80 (1H, m), 3.92 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 7.09-7.21 (3H, m), 12.33 (1H, brs) 231 —H —H —F —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01-1.12 (1H, m), 1.20-1.39 (2H, m), 1.56-2.04 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.63 (3H, s), 1.69 (3H, s), 2.31-2.36 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.97-3.04 (1H, m), 3.13-3.24 (1H, m), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 6.91-7.01 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 8.3 Hz), 9.50 (1H, brs), 9.80 (1H, brs) 232 —CH₃ —H —F —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.13 (1H, m), 1.17-1.40 (2H, m), 1.53 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.60 (3H, s), 1.60-1.81 (3H, m), 1.90-1.94 (1H, m), 2.04-2.25 (1H, m), 2.72 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 2.92-3.04 (1H, m), 3.46-3.55 (1H, m), 3.81 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 7.00-7.06 (2H, m), 7.32-7.39 (1H, m), 12.26 (1H, brs) 233 —H —H —F —OCH₃ —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.02-1.34 (3H, m), 1.33 (3H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), Dihydrochloride 1.54-1.73 (4H, m), 1.96-2.01 (1H, m), 2.76-2.83 (1H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.08-3.18 (1H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.76 (1H, s), 6.86-6.96 (2H, m), 9.01-9.09 (1H, m), 9.70-9.75 (1H, m) 234 —H —H —F —OCH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.45 (6H, m), 14.5-1.80 (7H, m), Dihydrochloride 1.95-2.08 (1H, m), 2.70-2.90 (2H, m), 2.95-3.23 (2H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 4.65-5.40 (1H, br), 6.88-7.08 (2H, m), 7.08-7.22 (1H, m), 8.90-9.25 (1H, br), 9.55-9.85 (1H, br). 235 —H —H —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05-1.13 (1H, m), 1.23-1.35 (2H, m), 1.50-1.78 Hydrochloride (3H, m), 1.63 (3H, s), 1.71 (3H, s), 1.92-2.08 (1H, m), 2.31-2.36 (1H, m), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.00-3.09 (1H, m), 3.15-3.26 (1H, m), 3.31 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 7.07-7.10 (1H, m), 7.15-7.19 (2H, m), 7.23-7.29 (1H, m), 9.50 (1H, brs), 9.79 (1H, brs) 236 —CH₃ —H —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-1.50 (2H, m), 1.60-1.81 (2H, m), 1.71 (3H, Dihydrochloride s), 1.91-2.30 (5H, m), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.80 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.32 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.81-3.94 (1H, m), 4.42 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 4.61-4.70 (1H, m), 7.42-7.50 (2H, m), 7.97 (1H, brs), 8.13 (1H, brs), 13.7 (1H, brs) 237 —H —H —Cl —CN —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05-1.20 (1H, m), 1.23-1.44 (2H, m), 1.54-2.10 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.63 (3H, s), 1.68 (3H, s), 2.35-2.40 (1H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.19 (2H, br), 3.34 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 9.62 (1H, br), 9.90 (1H, br) 238 —CH₃ —H —Cl —CN —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01-1.15 (1H, m), 1.23-1.46 (2H, m), 1.50 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.61 (3H, s), 1.61-1.98 (3H, m), 2.09-2.27 (2H, m), 2.72 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 2.91-3.03 (1H, m), 3.63-3.72 (1H, m), 3.84 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 12.38 (1H, brs) 239 —H —H —Cl —CH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.25-2.04 (7H, m), 1.75 (3H, s), 2.13 (3H, s), Hydrochloride 2.40 (3H, s), 2.48-2.53 (1H, m), 3.33 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.88-3.92 (1H, m), 3.97 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 4.10-4.17 (1H, m), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.00 (1H, s), 10.03-10.07 (1H, m), 10.20-10.30 (1H, m) 240 —CH₃ —H —Cl —CH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14-1.41 (3H, m), 1.47-1.74 (2H, m), 1.58 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.60 (3H, s), 1.89-1.93 (1H, m), 2.10-2.22 (2H, m), 2.35 (3H, s), 2.72 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.00-3.15 (1H, m), 3.45-3.67 (1H, m), 3.85 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 7.11-7.22 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, s), 12.24 (1H, brs) 241 —H —H —Cl —OCH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.41 (6H, m), 1.41-1.80 (7H, m), Dihydrochloride 1.88-2.05 (1H, m), 2.69-2.90 (2H, m), 2.93-3.05 (1H, m), 3.05-3.24 (1H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 4.15-5.35 (1H, br), 7.02-7.25 (3H, m), 8.87-9.18 (1H, br), 9.40-9.72 (1H, br). 242 —H —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.13-1.24 (1H, m), 1.25-1.36 (2H, m), 1.60-1.83 Hydrochloride (3H, m), 1.64 (3H, s), 1.74 (3H, s), 1.89-2.02 (1H, m), 2.32-2.37 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.12-3.16 (1H, m), 3.22-3.29 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.19-7.22 (2H, m), 7.29-7.33 (2H, m), 9.52 (1H, brs), 9.81 (1H, brs) 243 —CH₃ —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.02-1.40 (3H, m), 1.48-1.75 (2H, m), 1.61 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.63 (3H, s), 1.80-2.02 (1H, m), 2.11-2.16 (2H, m), 2.74 (3H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.10-3.22 (1H, m), 3.66-3.78 (1H, m), 3.93 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 7.30-7.38 (4H, m), 12.28 (1H, brs) 244 —H —H —CH₃ —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.79 (13H, m), 1.79-1.95 (1H, m), 2.29 Fumarate (3H, s), 2.58-3.08 (4H, m), 3.10-4.90 (3H, br), 6.48 (2H, s), 6.89-7.00 (1H, m), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz). 245 —H —H —OCH₃ —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.45 (6H ,m), 1.45-1.82 (7H, m), Dihydrochloride 1.95-2.10 (1H, m), 2.78-3.10 (3H, m), 3.10-3.27 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.00-4.55 (1H, br), 6.73 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz), 6.80 (1H, 4 J = 2.1 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.90-9.19 (1H, br), 9.51-9.85 (1H, br). 246 —H —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.45 (3H, m), 1.58-1.81 (3H, m), 1.65 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.75 (3H, s), 1.88-2.04 (1H, m), 2.32-2.38 (1H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.12-3.31 (2H, m), 3.38 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.3 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 9.57 (1H, br), 9.82 (1H, br) 247 —CH₃ —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.23-1.49 (2H, m), 1.60-1.75 (2H, m), 1.69 (3H, Hydrochloride s), 1.91 (3H, s), 1.91-2.15 (3H, m), 2.22-2.28 (1H, m), 2.79 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.23 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.64-3.76 (1H, m), 4.33 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 4.43-4.52 (1H, m), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.82 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 2.3 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 12.88 (1H, brs) 248 —H —H —H —OCH₃ —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.02-1.50 (7H, m), 1.50-1.82 (6H, m), Dihydrochloride 1.96-2.18 (1H, m), 2.60-3.60 (4H, m), 3.76 (3H, s), 6.85-7.10 (2H, m), 7.10-7.68 (2H, m), 8.60-10.90 (3H, m). 249 —H —H —OCH₃ —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm at 80° C.: 1.00-1.43 (6H, m), 1.49-1.77 (7H, Dihydrochloride m), 1.97-2.08 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.84-2.93 (1H, m), 3.04-3.18 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 4.30-4.57 (1H, br), 6.68-6.74 (1H, m), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 7.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 11.4 Hz), 8.94-9.25 (1H, br), 9.49-9.80 (1H, br).

TABLE 34 Absolute configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 250 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.10-1.47 (3H, m), 1.48-2.16 (4H, m), 1.69 (3H, s), 1.78 (3H, s), 2.30-2.54 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.20- 3.50 (2H, br), 3.52 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.37-7.52 (2H, m), 7.60-8.00 (4H, m), 9.18-10.05 (2H, br) Hydro- chloride 251 —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.35 (1H, m), 1.41-1.55 (1H, m), 1.59- 1.82 (2H, m), 1.75 (3H, s), 1.91-2.01 (1H, m), 2.02-2.15 (2H, m), 2.14 (3H, s), 2.30-2.44 (2H, m), 2.85 (3H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.49 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 4.07-4.19 (1H, m), 4.66 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 4.92-5.01 (1H, m), 7.59-7.66 (2H, m), 7.89-8.04 (4H, m), 8.87 (1H, br), 13.11 (1H, brs) Dihydro- chloride 252 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.94-1.25 (2H, m), 1.25-1.45 (5H, m), 1.45-1.55 (1H, m), 1.55-1.80 (5H, m), 1.95-2.10 (1H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.97-3.11 (2H, m), 3.36-3.51 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.50-7.59 (3H, m), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.89-7.96 (1H, m), 8.42-8.48 (1H, m), 8.97-9.24 (1H, br), 9.50-9.80 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride 253 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.23-2.17 (8H, m), 1.76 (3H, s), 2.09 (3H, s), 2.48-2.53 (1H, m), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 1.23 Hz), 3.66-4.18 (3H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.23 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 2.4 Hz), 7.74 (1H, brs), 7.79-7.85 (2H, m), 8.24 (1H, brs), 9.87-10.19 (2H, br) Dihydro- chloride 254 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-2.05 (8H, m), 1.73 (3H, s), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.44-2.48 (1H, m), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 10.7 Hz), 3.55-3.88 (3H, br), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.49-7.69 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.14 (1H, brs), 9.94 (2H, brs) Dihydro- chloride

TABLE 35 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R¹ R⁴ NMR Salt 255 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.82 (13H, m), 1.97-2.12 (1H, m), 2.80-3.35 (4H, m), 6.07-6.72 (1H, br), 6.72-7.20 (2H, m), 7.23-7.35 (1H, m), 7.35-7.53 (1H, m), 7.99 (1H, brs), 9.00-9.50 (1H, br), 9.55-10.10 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 256 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 0.96-1.26 (2H, m), 1.26-1.51 (5H, m), 1.51-1.61 (1H, m), 1.61-1.76 (5H, m), 1.99-2.08 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.05-3.32 (3H, m), 3.58-4.12 (1H, br), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 3.8, 8.5 Hz), 7.08-7.18 (2H, m), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.10-9.35 (1H, br), 9.3B-9.75 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 257 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 0.98-1.27 (2H, m), 1.27-1.46 (4H, m), 1.46-1.60 (2H, m), 1.60-1.80 (5H, m), 1.98-2.10 (1H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.05-3.35 (3H, m), 3.45-3.90 (1H, br), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.08-7.13 (1H, br), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.98-9.35 (1H, br), 9.35-9.72 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 258 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.82-1.05 (2H, m), 1.07 (3H, s), 1.19-1.43 (3H, m), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.56-1.68 (1H, m), 1.68-1.90 (3H, m), 2.35-2.51 (4H, m), 2.51-2.70 (1H, m), 2.78-2.92 (2H, m), 6.83-6.89 (2H, m), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 259 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 0.96-1.25 (2H, m), 1.25-1.60 (6H, m), 1.60-1.79 (5H, m), 1.98-2.10 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.99-3.37 (3H, m), 3.93 (3H, s), 4.52-4.86 (1H, br), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.95 (1H, d, = 8.4 Hz), 6.98-7.09 (1H, br), 7.87 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.02-9.40 (1H, br), 9.40-9.75 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 260 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.03-1.44 (6H, m), 1.51-1.79 (7H, m), 2.00-2.10 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.94-3.05 (1H, m), 3.10-3.23 (2H, m), 4.64-5.12 (1H, br), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 7.05-7.09 (1H, m), 7.33-7.36 (1H, br), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.89 (1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.97-9.26 (1H, br), 9.45-9.82 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride

TABLE 36 Absolute configuration

Ex- Melting am- point ple R¹ R⁴ NMR (° C.) Salt 261 —H

209.8- 214.2 Fumarate 262 —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.44 (6H, m), 1.50-1.79 (7H, m), 1.96-2.08 (1H, m), 2.82-3.00 (2H, m), 3.00-3.25 (2H, m), 3.61 (3H, s), 6.62 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 7.38-7.46 (1H, m), 7.48-7.58 (2H, m), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz), 7.98-8.62 (1H, br), 9.14-9.37 (1H, br), 9.65-9.88 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 263 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.87-1.03 (1H, m), 1.09 (3H, m), 1.15-1.46 (4H, m), 1.46-1.65 (5H, m), 1.65-1.88 (2H, m), 2.47-2.60 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.90-3.04 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.40 (1H, dd, J = 4.2, 8.5 Hz), 7.65-7.72 (1H, m), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.85 (1H, d, J= 8.5 Hz), 8.90 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 4.2 Hz). — 264 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.12 (5H, m), 1.22-1.48 (3H, m), 1.55-1.70 (4H, m), 1.73-1.90 (3H, m), 2.50 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.92-3.05 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 7.49-7.56 (1H, m), 7.65-7.72 (1H, m), 8.05-8.10 (1H, m), 8.36 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 8.4 Hz), 8.84 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz). — 265 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-1.17 (5H, m), 1.21-1.50 (6H, m), 1.61-1.88 (4H, m), 2.42-2.50 (1H, m), 2.74 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.80-2.90 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 7.31-7.39 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.06 (1H, dd, J = 1.1, 8.3 Hz), 8.81 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 4.2 Hz). — 266 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.04-1.20 (4H, m), 1.20-1.48 (7H, m), 1.67-1.86 (3H, m), 1.96 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 13.0), 2.61-2.70 (1H, m), 2.82-2.95 (2H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.32 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 5.8 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.41 (1H, d, J = 5.8 Hz), 9.09 (1H, s). —

TABLE 37 Absolute configuration

Ex- ample R1 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 NMR Salt 267 —H —H —H —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.99-1.44 (6H, m), 1.44-1.80 (7H, m), 1.93-2.10 Dihydrochloride (1H, m), 2.75-2.99 (2H, m), 2.99-3.28 (2H, m), 5.08-6.80 (1H, br), 7.10-7.33 (4H, m), 8.96-9.42 (1H, br), 9.58-9.94 (1H, br). 268 —H —H —OCH₃ —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.00-1.43 (6H, m), 1.49-1.77 (7H, m), Dihydrochloride 1.97-2.08 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.84-2.93 (1H, m), 3.04-3.18 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 4.30-4.57 (1H, br), 6.68-6.74 (1H, m), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 7.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 11.4 Hz), 8.94-9.25 (1H, br), 9.49-9.80 (1H, br). 269 —H —H —Cl —CN —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.02-1.17 (1H, m), 1.25-1.44 (2H, m), 1.62-2.05 Hydrochloride (4H, m), 1.63 (3H, s), 1.68 (3H, s), 2.35-2.41 (1H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.20 (2H, br), 3.35 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.0 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 9.61 (1H, brs), 9.89 (1H, br) 270 —H —H —H —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.45 (6H, m), 1.45-1.80 (7H, m), 1.88-2.06 Dihydrochloride (1H, m), 2.70-3.05 (3H, m), 3.08-3.28 (1H, m), 3.50-3.94 (1H, br), 7.13 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.39 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.66-9.20 (1H, br), 9.20-9.80 (1H, br). 271 —H —H —OCH₃ —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.45 (6H, m), 1.45-1.83 (7H, m), 1.90-2.08 Hydrochloride (1H, m), 2.70-2.87 (1H, m), 2.87-3.08 (2H, m), 3.08-3.28 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.72 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.4 Hz), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.73-9.10 (1H, br), 9.34-9.70 (1H, br). 272 —H —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.14 (1H, m), 1.26-1.39 (2H, m), 1.55-1.78 Hydrochloride (3H, m), 1.62 (3H, s), 1.68 (3H, s), 1.92-2.05 (1H, m), 2.30-2.35 (1H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.95-3.03 (1H, m), 3.11-3.23 (1H, m), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 9.49 (1H, br), 9.79 (1H, br) 273 —CH₃ —H —Cl —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.23-1.49 (2H, m), 1.60-1.74 (2H, m), 1.69 (3H, s), Hydrochloride 1.87-2.15 (3H, m), 1.91 (3H, s), 2.21-2.28 (1H, m), 2.78 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.22 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.63-3.75 (1H, m), 4.32 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 4.42-4.51 (1H, m), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.81 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 2.0 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 12.71 (1H, brs)

TABLE 38 Absolute configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R², R³ R⁴ NMR Salt 274

—H, —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.25-1.7 (5H, m), 1.75-1.9 (1H, m), 2.05-2.2 (2H, m), 2.3-2.4 (1H, m), 2.6-2.7 (1H, m), 2.8-2.9 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.0-3.15 (2H, m), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 4.20 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 6.7-6.8 (2H, m), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (1H, m), 7.3- 7.4 (4H, m). — 275 —H —H, —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-1.5 (1H, m), 1.5-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.95-3.2 (2H, m), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.4-3.6 (2H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 6.48 (1H, br), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz), 6.9-7.0 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m), 9.22 (1H, br), 9.87 (1H, br). Di- hydro- chloride 276 —H —(CH₂)₃—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-2.35 (10H, m), 2.3-2.6 (2H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.35- 3.5 (1H, m), 3.67 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.7-4.3 (2H, m), 6.95-7.05 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m), 6.95-9.2 (1H, m), 10.1-10.3 (1H, m). Di- hydro- chloride 277 —H —(CH₂)₃—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05-1.35 (3H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.45-1.65 (3H, m), 1.65-1.9 (5H, m), 1.9-2.0 (1H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.2-2.3 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.25-3.35 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.25-7.3 (1H, m), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 278 —H —(CH₂)₃—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.4-2.15 (10H, m), 2.35-2.6 (2H, m), 3.14 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.4- 3.55 (1H, m), 3.64 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 4.05-4.4 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.9-9.1 (1H, m), 11- 12.5 (1H, m). Di- hydro- chloride

TABLE 39 Absolute configuration

Melt- Ex- ing am- point ple R¹ R², R³ R⁴ NMR (° C.) Salt 279

—H, —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.25-1.5 (4H, m), 1.55-1.7 (1H, m), 1.75-1.85 (1H, m), 2.05-2.2 ( 2H, m), 2.3-2.4 (1H, m), 2.6-2.7 (1H, m), 2.8-2.9 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.0-3.15 (2H, m), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 4.20 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 6.7-6.8 (2H, m), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (1H, m), 7.3-7.4 (4H, m). — 280 —H —H, —H

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-1.5 (1H, m), 1.5-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 3.0-3.2 (2H, m), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.4-3.6 (2H, m), 3.9-4.1 (1H, m), 5.65 (1H, br), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz), 6.9-7.0 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m), 9.16 (1H, br), 9.81 (1H, br). Di- hydro- chloride 281 —H —(CH₂)₃—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.25-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-2.15 (10H, m), 2.3-2.6 (2H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.35-3.5 (1H, m), 3.65-3.85 (2H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 6.95-7.05 ( 2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m), 8.9-9.15 (1H, m), 10.05-12.5 (1H, m). Di- hydro- chloride 282 —H —(CH₂)₃—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05-1.35 (3H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.45-1.65 (3H, m), 1.65-1.9 (5H, m), 1.9-2.0 (1H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.2-2.3 (1H, m ), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.25-3.35 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.25-7.3 (1H, m), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 283 —H —(CH₂)₃—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.4-2.15 (10H, m), 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (1H, m), 3.64 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 4.2-4.6 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 5.2 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.9-9.1 (1H, m), 10.1-10.3 (1H, m). Di- hydro- chloride

TABLE 40 Relative configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R² R³ R⁴ NMR Salt 284 —H —H —CH₃

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-1.48 (2H, m), 1.62-2.08 (8H, m), 2.56-2.61 (1H, m), 3.63-3.68 (1H, m), 4.23 (1H, brs), 4.67 (3H, brs), 7.61-8.26 (7H, m), 9.60-9.81 (1H, m), 11.36 (1H, br), 14.02 (1H, brs) Dihydro- chloride 285 —H —H —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 1.02-1.43 (3H, m), 1.30 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.44-1.88 (4H, m), 1.95-2.20 (1H, m), 2.97-3.53 (6H, m), 7.26-7.46 (1H, br), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.69-8.00 (1H, br), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 9.28-10.12 (2H, br) Dihydro- chloride 286 —H —H —CH₃

1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 0.87-1.06 (1H, m), 1.17-1.35 (2H, m), 1.24 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.41-1.84 (4H, m), 1.92-2.07 (1H, m), 2.88-3.06 (3H, m), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.31-3.52 (1H, br), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 2.1 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 9.02-9.33 (1H, br), 9.50-9.85 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 287 —H —H —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.24-1.48 (2H, m), 1.51-2.14 (6H, br), 2.18-2.41 (1H, br), 2.43-2.76 (1H, m), 2.83-5.31 (5H, br), 7.33-8.24 (6H, br), 9.15-10.20 (1.3H, br), 11.04-11.78 (0.3H, br), 13.30-13.79 (0.4H, br) Hydro- chloride 288 —CH₃ —H —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.06 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.22-2.25 (10H, m), 2.26-2.45 (2H, m), 2.94 (3H, s), 3.31-4.97 (4H, br), 7.36-8.02 (7H, m). 12.47-13.27 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 289 —H —C₂H₅ —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-2.47 (11H, m), 0.99 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.17 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.66-2.76 (1H, m), 2.86-3.18 (1H, br), 3.38-3.43 (1H, m), 3.65-4.01 (2H, m), 4.02-4.36 (1H, m), 7.54-7.61 (2H, m), 7.80-7.96 (5H, m), 9.37 (1H, brs), 9.80-10.49 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 290 —H —H —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.25-1.42 (2H, m), 1.48-1.85 (7H, m), 1.93-2.10 (2H, m), 2.16-2.40 (1H, m), 2.50-2.69 (1H, m), 2.91-5.05 (4H, br), 7.33-8.76 (4H, br & m), 9.19-9.85 (1H, br), 11.09-11.67 (0.4H, br), 13.40-13.82 (0.6H, br) Dihydro- chloride 291 —H —C₂H₅ —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-2.44 (11H, m), 0.97 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.15 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.60-2.66 (1H, m), 2.78-3.09 (1H, m), 3.20-3.37 (1H, m), 3.45-4.16 (3H, m), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.49-7.71 (1H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.88-7.96 (1H, m), 8.01-8.47 (1H, br), 9.02-9.48 (1H, br), 9.69-10.18 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 292 —H —H —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.23-1.50 (3H, m), 1.51-2.13 (8H, m), 2.16-2.39 (1H, m), 2.50-2.71 (1H, m), 2.90-5.09 (4H, br), 7.30-7.46 (1H, m), 7.46-8.33 (3H, br), 9.10-9.91 (1H, br), 10.95-11.65 (0.4H, br), 13.37-13.92 (0.6H, br) Dihydro- chloride 293 —H —C₂H₅ —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-2.45 (10H, m), 0.97 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.45 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.60-2.66 (1H, m), 2.74-3.05 (1H, m), 3.11-3.42 (1H, m), 3.51-3.97 (3H, m), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.50-7.68 (2H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz, 7.83-7.88 (1H, m), 8.02-8.53 (1H, br), 9.12-9.46 (1H, br), 9.66-10.18 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 294 —H —C₂H₅ —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.87-2.38 (11H, m), 0.98 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.14 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.49-2.73 (1H, m). 2.73-3.11 (1H, m), 3.31-3.42 (1H, m), 3.52-4.28 (3H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.54-7.68 (2H, m), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.73-8.30 (1H, br), 8.94-9.51 (1H, br), 9.75-10.34 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 295 —H —H —C₂H₅

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.08 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.25-1.43 (2H, m), 1.54-2.05 (6H, m), 2.15-2.34 (1H, m), 2.50-2.64 (1H, m), 3.56 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.84-4.04 (1H, m), 4.10-4.46 (3H, m), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.97 (1H, s), 9.25-9.53 (1H, br), 10.75-11.16 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 296 —H —H —C₃H₇

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.2-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-1.6 (3H, m), 1.6-1.9 (6H, m), 2.05-2.15 (1H, m), 2.8-2.9 (1H, m), 3.25 (1H, br), 3.5-3.6 (2H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.95-7.05 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H m), 8.35-8.6 (1H, m), 9.3-9.5 (1H, m). Hydro- chloride

TABLE 41 Relative configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹⁰ R⁴ NMR Salt 297

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.08 (6H, s), 0.91 (9H, s), 1.04-1.35 (4H, m), 1.53-1.80 (3H, m), 2.18-2.33 (2H, m), 2.60-2.76 (2H, m), 2.80-3.01 (3H, m), 3.09-3.13 (2H, m), 3.69-3.85 (2H, m), 7.29-7.48 (3H, m), 7.52-7.53 (1H, m), 7.73-7.80 (3H, m) — 298

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.06 (6H, s), 0.90 (9H, s), 1.04-1.37 (5H, m), 1.61-1.75 (2H, m), 1.79-1.84 (2H, m), 2.15-2.20 (1H, m), 2.32-2.40 (1H, m), 2.58-2.68 (1H, m), 2.71-2.90 (3H, m), 2.97-3.14 (2H, m), 3.19-3.26 (1H, m), 3.64-3.79 (2H, m), 6.93 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.1 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) — 299

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.07 (6H, s), 0.81-1.90 (3H, m), 0.90 (9H, s), 1.55-1.78 (4H, m), 2.14-2.24 (2H, m), 2.46-2.54 (1H, m), 2.57-2.67 (1H, m), 2.72-2.82 (1H, m), 2.85-2.97 (4H, m), 3.66-3.81 (2H, m), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) — 300 —H

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.25-1.53 (2H, m), 1.61-1.70 (1H, m), 1.74-1.80 (2H, m), 1.89-2.04 (2H, m), 2.38-2.43 (1H, m), 3.08-3.16 (1H, m), 3.53- 3.59 (1H, m), 3.66-3.73 (1H, m), 3.88-3.94 (1H, m), 4.06-4.14 (3H, m), 4.35-4.43 (2H, m), 4.61-4.78 (1H, m), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.00 (1H, brs), 12.52 (1H, brs) Hydro- chloride

TABLE 42 Relative configuration

Ex- am- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 301

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.25-1.50 (2H, m), 1.60-2.05 (5H, m), 2.35-2.70 (1H, m), 2.81-5.38 (6H, br), 7.32-8.86 (7H, br), 9.47-10.31 (1H, br), 10.55-11.77 (0.45H, br), 13.51-14.36 (0.55H, br) Hydro- chloride 302

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.25-1.51 (2H, m), 1.63-2.09 (5H, m), 2.50-2.56 (1H, m), 3.56-3.91 (2H, m), 3.91-5.16 (4H, br), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.55-8.76 (3H, br), 7.66 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 9.46-10.11 (1H, br), 10.94-11.83 (1H, br), 13.61-14.25 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 303

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.24-1.49 (2H, br), 1.51-2.00 (5H, m), 2.33-2.54 (1H, m), 3.30-3.79 (5H, m), 3.81-4.15 (1H, br), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.59 (1H, s), 10.01 (1H, brs), 10.14-10.56 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride

TABLE 43 Relative configuration

Ex- am- ple R¹ R², R³ R⁴ NMR Salt 304 —H —(CH₂)₃—

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.2-1.35 (2H, m), 1.4-2.1 (10H, m), 2.3-2.5 (2H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.68 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.35 (1H, br), 6.95-7.05 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m), 8.9-9.1 (1H, m), 10.0-10.15 (1H, m). Dihydro- chloride 305 —H —(CH₂)₄—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.58 (2H, m), 1.60-2.17 (10H, m), 2.29-2.37 (1H, m), 2.46-2.67 (2H, m), 2.96-3.29 (1H, br), 3.33 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.60-3.98 (1H, br), 3.98-4.41 (2H, br), 7.56-7.60 (2H, m), 7.80-7.98 (4H, m), 8.11-8.71 (1H, br), 9.63-10.08 (1H, br), 10.13-10.87 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 306 —CH₃ —(CH₂)₄—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.33 (1H, m), 1.40-2.08 (12H, m), 2.24-2.44 (2H, m), 2.58-2.69 (1H, m), 2.83 (3H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.58-3.83 (1H, m), 3.87-4.14 (1H, m), 4.08 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 4.74-4.96 (1H, m), 7.55-7.65 (2H, m), 7.88-8.03 (4H, m), 8.42-9.20 (1H, br), 13.33 (1H, brs) Dihydro- chloride 307 H —(CH₂)₄—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-1.35 (1H, m), 1.41-2.17 (12H, m), 2.30-2.38 (1H, m), 2.51-2.67 (2H, m), 3.00-3.32 (1H, br), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.65-4.47 (3H, br), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.66-7.96 (1H, br), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.12-8.19 (1H, br), 9.65-10.02 (1H, br), 10.29-10.83 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 308 H —(CH₂)₄—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.20-1.36 (1H, m), 1.41-2.21 (12H, m), 2.29-2.37 (1H, m), 2.49-2.58 (1H, m), 2.61-2.67 (1H, m), 3.07-3.30 (1H, br), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.66-3.97 (1H, br), 3.96-4.32 (2H, br), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.67-7.90 (1H, br), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.11-8.93 (1H, br), 9.56-10.03 (1H, br), 10.20-10.81 (1H, br) Dihydro- chloride 309 H —(CH₂)₄—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm : 0.91-1.13 (1H, m), 1.23-1.38 (2H, m), 1.46-2.12 (10H, m), 2.33-2.48 (3H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.94-3.12 (2H, m), 3.32 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J =8.5 Hz), 9.75 (2H, brs) Hydro- chloride 310 H —(CH₂)₄—

1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 0.96-2.27 (16H, m), 2.97-3.59 (4H, m), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.93-9.28 (1H, br), 9.32-9.67 (1H, br) Hydro- chloride 311 H —(CH₂)₅—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-2.19 (16H, m), 2.30-2.35 (1H, m), 2.47-2.52 (1H, m), 3.04 (1H, br), 3.44-3.67 (3H, m), 7.47-7.61 (3H, m), 7.83-7.69 (4H, m), 9.64 (2H, br) Hydro- chloride 312 H —(CH₂)₅—

1H-NMR (CDCI3) δppm: 0.89-1.01 (1H, m), 1.08-1.70 (15H, m), 1.86-1.90 (1H, m), 2.42-2.47 (1H, m), 2.64-2.73 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.00-3.08 (1H, m), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 3.47-4.70 (3H, br), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.49 (2H, s), 6.93 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 1.4 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) Fumarate 313 H —(CH₂)₅—

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.08 (1H, m), 1.23-1.45 (6H, m), 1.06-2.13 (8H, m), 2.20-2.25 (1H, m), 2.35-2.40 (1H, m), 2.62-2.67 (1H, m), 3.03-3.31 (4H, m), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 9.49 (2H, brs) Hydro- chloride

TABLE 44 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ NMR Salt 314

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (1H, m), 1.15-1.4 (3H, m), 1.55-1.7 (2H, m), 1.75-1.85 (1H, m), 2.1-2.2 (1H, m), 2.25-2.45 (2H, m), 2.55-2.7 (1H, m), 2.7-2.8 (1H, m), 2.85-2.95 (2H, m), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 4.18 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 7.05-7.1 (2H, m), 7.2-7.35 (7H, m). — 315 —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.4 (4H, m), 1.5-1.65 (2H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 2.05-2.2 — (1H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.45-2.6 (2H, m), 2.8-2.9 (1H, m), 2.9-3.1 (2H, m), 7.0-7.1 ( 2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m).

TABLE 45 Absolute configuration

Example R¹ NMR Salt 316

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (1H, m), 1.15-1.45 (3H, m), 1.5-1.7 (2H, m), 1.75-1.85 (1H, m), 2.1-2.25 (1H, m), 2.25-2.45 (2H, m), 2.55-2.7 (1H, m), 2.7-2.8 (1H, m), 2.85-3.0 (2H, m), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 4.18 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m), 7.2-7.35 (7H, m). — 317 —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.05 (1H, m), 1.1-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-1.65 (3H, m), Hydrochloride 1.65-1.8 (1H, m), 1.9-2.05 (1H, m), 2.8-3.0 (2H, m), 3.0-3.2 (3H, m), 3.2-3.5 (1H, m), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m), 7.35-7.45 (2H, m), 9.2-9.7 (2H, m). 318 —CH₃ 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.4 (4H, m), 1.5-1.65 (2H, m), 1.7-1.9 (2H, m), 2.05-2.2 — (1H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.45-2.6 (2H, m), 2.8-2.9 (1H, m), 2.9-3.1 (2H, m), 7.0-7.15 (2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m).

TABLE 46 Relative configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 319

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.35 (3H, s), 1.45-1.67 (6H, m), 1.67-2.00 (4H, m), 2.16-2.30 (2H, m), 2.30-2.43 (1H, m), 3.39-3.48 (1H, m), 3.62-3.72 (1H, m), 3.88-3.96 (1H, m), 3.09-4.06 (1H, m), 6.05-6.75 (1H, br), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.25-7.34 (1H, m), 7.33-7.40 (1H, m), 7.66-7.80 (3H, m), 6.22-8.35 (1H, br), 9.30-9.45 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 320

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.37-1.55 (5H, m), 1.55-1.70 (4H, m), 1.71-2.00 (4H, m), 2.19-2.40 (3H. m), 3.35-3.50 (1H, m), 3.52-3.66 (1H, m), 3.84-3.97 (2H, m), 5.53-5.86 (1H, br), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.07-8.40 (1H, br), 9.20-9.57 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 321

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.32 (3H, s), 1.43-1.61 (6H, m), 1.65-1.89 (4H, m), 2.07-2.17 (1H, m), 2.17-2.27 (1H, m), 2.27-2.40 (1H, m), 3.27-3.36 (1H, m), 3.40-3.55 (1H, m), 3.79-3.90 (2H, m), 5.00-6.60 (1H, br), 6.84 (2H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 8.19-8.35 (1H, br), 9.25-9.44 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 322

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.32 (3H, s), 1.40-1.63 (6H, m), 1.63-1.90 (4H, m), 2.07-2.25 (2H, m), 2.30-2.33 (1H, m), 3.27-3.38 (1H, m), 3.48-3.59 (1H, m), 3.76-3.86 (1H, m), 3.86-3.95 (1H, m), 5.30-6.75 (1H, br), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 3.0, 9.1 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d J = 9.1 Hz), 8.23-8.40 (1H, br), 9.22-9.45 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 47 Relative configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 323

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.39 (3H, s), 1.43-1.65 (7H, m), 1.71-1.90 (4H, m), 1.93-2.06 (1H, m), 2.35-2.45 (1H, m), 3.80-3.79 (4H, m), 5.40-6.15 (1H, br), 6.90 (1H, s), 7.09-7.20 (2H, m), 7.30-7.40 (1H, m), 7.65-7.72 (2H, m), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.60-8.80 (1H, br), 8.80-9.00 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 324

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.38-1.54 (10H, m), 1.69-2.02 (5H, m), 2.41-2.50 (1H, m), 3.55-3.85 (4H, m), 4.97-5.80 (1H, br), 6.94-7.10 (1H, br), 7.18-7.40 (2H, m), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br), 8.92-9.30 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 325

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33-1.52 (10H, m), 1.64-1.82 (4H, m), 1.82-1.93 (1H, m), 2.30-2.40 (1H, m), 3.40-3.54 (2H, m), 3.54-3.70 (2H, m), 4.45-5.20 (1H, br), 6.66 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.55-8.70 (1H, br), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 326

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33-1.59 (10H, m), 1.61-1.90 (5H, m), 2.33-2.45 (1H, m), 3.45-3.56 (2H, m), 3.56-3.71 (2H, m), 5.05-6.00 (1H, br), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 9.1 Hz), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.70-8.89 (1H, br), 8.00-9.15 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 48 Absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 327

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.35 (3H, s), 1.45-1.67 (6H, m), 1.67-2.00 (4H, m), 2.16-2.30 (2H, m), 2.30-2.43 (1H, m), 3.39-3.48 (1H, m), 3.82-3.72 (1H, m), 3.88-3.96 (1H, m), 3.09-4.08 (1H, m), 6.05-6.75 (1H, br), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.25-7.34 (1H, m), 7.33-7.40 (1H, m), 7.66-7.80 (3H, m), 8.22-8.35 (1H, br), 9.30-9.45 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 328

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm at 80° C.: 1.37-1.55 (5H, m), 1.55-1.70 (4H, m), 1.71-2.00 (4H, m), 2.19-2.40 (3H, m), 3.35-3.50 (1H, m), 3.52-3.66 (1H, m), 3.64-3.97 (2H, m), 5.53-5.86 (1H, br), 7.08 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.07-8.40 (1H, br), 9.20-9.57 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 329

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33-1.52 (10H, m), 1.64-1.82 (4H, m), 1.82-1.93 (1H, m), 2.30-2.40 (1H, m), 3.40-3.54 (2H, m), 3.54-3.70 (2H, m), 4.45-5.20 (1H, br), 6.66 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.55-8.70 (1H, br), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 330

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.32 (3H, s), 1.40-1.63 (6H, m), 1.83-1.90 (4H, m), 2.07-2.25 (2H, m), 2.30-2.33 (1H, m), 3.27-3.38 (1H, m), 3.48-3.59 (1H, m), 3.78-3.86 (1H, m), 3.86-3.95 (1H, m), 5.30-6.75 (1H, br), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 3.0, 9.1 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.23-8.40 (1H, br), 9.22-9.45 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 49 Absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 331

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.35 (3H, s), 1.45-1.67 (6H, m), 1.67-2.00 (4H, m), 2.16-2.30 (2H, m), 2.30-2.43 (1H, m), 3.39-3.48 (1H, m), 3.62-3.72 (1H, m), 3.88-3.96 (1H, m), 3.09-4.08 (1H m), 6.05-6.75 (1H, br), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.25-7.34 (1H, m), 7.33-7.40 (1H, m), 7.66-7.80 (3H, m), 8.22-8.35 (1H, br), 9.30-9.45 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 332

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.37-1.55 (5H, m), 1.55-1.70 (4H, m), 1.71-2.00 (4H, m), 2.19-2.40 (3H, m), 3.35-3.50 (1H, m), 3.52-3.66 (1H, m), 3.84-3.97 (2H, m), 5.53-5.86 (1H, br), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.07-8.40 (1H, br), 9.20-9.57 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 333

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm 1.33-1.52 (10H, m), 1.64-1.82 (4H, m), 1.82-1.93 (1H, m), 2.30-2.40 (1H, m), 3.40-3.54 (2H, m), 3.54-3.70 (2H, m), 4.45-5.20 (1H, br), 6.66 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.55-8.70 (1H, br), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 334

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.32 (3H, s), 1.40-1.63 (6H, m), 1.63-1.90 (4H, m), 2.07-2.25 (2H, m), 2.30-2.33 (1H, m), 3.27-3.36 (1H, m), 3.48-3.59 (1H, m), 3.78-3.86 (1H, m), 3.86-3.95 (1H, m), 5.30-6.75 (1H, br), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 3.0, 9.1 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.23-8.40 (1H, br), 9.22-9.45 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 50 Absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 335

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.39 (3H, s), 1.43-1.65 (7H, m), 1.71-1.90 (4H, m), 1.93-2.06 (1H, m), 2.35-2.45 (1H, m), 3.60-3.79 (4H, m), 5.40-6.15 (1H, br), 6.90 (1H, s), 7.09-7.20 (2H, m), 7.30-7.40 (1H, m), 7.65-7.72 (2H, m), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.60-8.80 (1H, br), 8.80-9.00 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 336

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm at 80° C.: 1.38-1.54 (10H, m), 1.69-2.02 (5H, m), 2.41-2.50 (1H, m), 3.55-3.85 (4H, m), 4.97-5.80 (1H, br), 6.94-7.10 (1H, br), 7.18-7.40 (2H m), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br), 8.92-9.30 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 337

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33-1.52 (10H, m), 1.64-1.82 (4H, m), 1.82-1.93 (1H, m), 2.30-2.40 (1H, m), 3.40-3.54 (2H, m), 3.54-3.70 (2H, m), 4.45-5.20 (1H, br), 6.88 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.55-8.70 (1H, br), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 338

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33-1.59 (10H, m), 1.61-1.90 (5H, m), 2.33-2.45 (1H, m), 3.45-3.56 (2H, m), 3.56-3.71 (2H, m), 5.05-6.00 (1H, br), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 9.1 Hz), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.70-8.89 (1H, br), 9.00-9.15 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 51 Absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 339

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.39 (3H, s), 1.43-1.65 (7H, m), 1.71-1.90 (4H, m), 1.93-2.06 (1H, m), 2.35-2.45 (1H, m), 3.60-3.79 (4H, m), 5.40-6.15 (1H, s), 6.90 (1H, s), 7.09-7.20 (2H, m), 7.30-7.40 (1H, m), 7.65-7.72 (2H, m), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.60-8.80(1H, br), 8.80-9.00 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 340

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: at 80° C.: 1.38-1.54 (10H, m), 1.69-2.02 (5H, m), 2.41-2.50 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (4H, m), 4.97-5.80 (1H, br), 6.94-7.10 (1H, br), 7.18-7.40 (2H, m), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br), 8.92-9.30 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 341

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33-1.52 (10H, m), 1.64-1.82 (4H, m), 1.82-1.93 (1H, m), 2.30-2.40 (1H, m), 3.40-3.54 (2H, m), 3.54-3.70 (2H, m), 4.45-5.20 (1H, br), 6.66 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.19 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.55-8.70 (1H, br), 8.75-8.92 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 342

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33-1.59 (10H, m), 1.61-1.90 (5H, m), 2.33-2.45 (1H, m), 3.45-3.56 (2H, m), 3.56-3.71 (2H, m), 5.05-6.00 (1H, br), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 9.1 Hz), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.70-8.89 (1H, br), 9.00-9.15 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride

TABLE 52 Relative configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 343

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.92 (14H, m), 2.23-2.44 (2H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.3), 3.51 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), (1H, m), 4.10-4.22 (1H, m), 5.80-6.30 (1H, br), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 7.22-7.31 (1H, m), 7.36-7.50 (2H, m), 7.66-7.85 (3H, m), 8.66-8.92 (1H, br), 9.80-9.08 (1H, br). Dihydrochloride 344

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.38 (3H, m), 1.38-1.65 (8H, m), 1.65-1.92 (3H, m), 2.15-2.40 (2H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.37 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.77-3.95 (1H, m), 4.00-4.14 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.9 Hz), 7.28-7.38 (2H, m), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.44-8.74 (1H, br), 9.65-9.90 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 345

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.95 (14H, m), 2.16-2.45 (2H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 13.5), 3.40 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.70-3.89 (1H, m), 3.89-4.07 (1H, m), 6.93 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.26 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.54-8.88 (1H, br), 9.66-9.99 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 346

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.90 (14H, m), 2.19-2.45 (2H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.50 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.68-3.86 (1H, br), 3.94-4.07 (1H, br), 6.92 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 9.0 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.55-8.88 (1H, br), 9.62-9.96 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 53

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 347

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.37 (3H, s), 1.42-1.88 (12H, m), 2.10-2.25 (1H, m), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.28-3.63 (3H, m), 3.92-4.48 (1H, br), 7.26-7.51 (4H, m), 7.76-7.92 (3H, m), 8.85-9.15 (1H, br), 9.50-9.70 (1H, br). Dihydro- chloride 348

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00 (3H, s), 1.20-1.70 (13H, m), 1.70-1.85 (1H, m), 2.70-2.95 (4H, m), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.82 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz). — 349

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33 (3H, s), 1.37-1.81 (12H, m), 2.07-2.22 (1H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.21-3.50 (3H, m), 3.88-4.20 (1H, br), 6.97 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.31 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.66- 9.00 (1H, br), 9.33- 9.65 (1H, m). Dihydro- chloride 350

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33 (3H, s), 1.36 (3H, s), 1.50- 1.90 (9H, m), 2.07- 2.28 (1H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 14.2 Hz), 3.32-3.66 (3H, m), 6.88 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.9 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.70- 8.92 (1H, br), 9.35- 9.58 (1H, br). Hydro- chloride

TABLE 54

Exam- MS ple R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ (M + 1) 351 —H —H —H —H —H 245 352 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H 259 353 —H —CH₃ —H —H —H 259 354 —H —F —H —H —H 263 355 —H —H —CN —H —H 270 356 —H —CH₃ —CH₃ —H —H 273 357 —H —C₂H₅ —H —H —H 273 358 —H —CH₃ —H —CH₃ —H 273 359 —H —H —C₂H₅ —H —H 273 360 —H —OCH₃ —H —H —H 275 361 —H —F —H —F —H 281 362 —H —CH₃ —CN —H —H 284 363 —H —H —(CH₂)₂CH₃ —H —H 287 364 —H —CH(CH₃)₂ —H —H —H 287 365 —H —H —CH(CH₃)₂ —H —H 287 366 —H —F —CN —H —H 288 367 —H —CN —H —F —H 288 368 —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H —H —H 288 369 —H —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 288 370 —H —OC₂H₅ —H —H —H 289 371 —H —CH₃ —OCH₃ —H —H 289 372 —H —H —OCH₂CH₃ —H —H 289 373 —H —CH₃ —F —CH₃ —H 291 374 —H —H —SCH₃ —H —H 291 375 —H —SCH₃ —H —H —H 291 376 —OCH₃ —H —H —F —H 293 377 —H —F —H —Cl —H 297 378 —H —F —F —F —H 299 379 —H —H —C(CH₃)₃ —H —H 301 380 —H —CH₃ —OCH₃ —CH₃ —H 303 381 —H —OCH(CH₃)₂ —H —H —H 303 382 —H —OCH₃ —OCH₃ —H —H 305 383 —H —H —SCH₂CH₃ —H —H 305 384 —OCH₃ —H —H —Cl —H 309 385 —H —OCH₃ —F —F —H 311 386 —H —H

—H —H 311 387 —H —CF₃ —H —H —H 313 388 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 313 389 —Cl —H —Cl —H —H 313 390 —H —Cl —H —Cl —H 313 391 —H —CF₃ —CH₃ —H —H 327 392 —H —H

—H —H 328 393 —H —H —OCF₃ —H —H 329 394 —H —CF₃ —H —F —H 331 395 —F —H —CF₃ —H —H 331 396 —H —F —CF₃ —H —H 331 397 —F —CF₃ —H —H —H 331 398 —H —CF₃ —F —H —H 331 399 —H —CF₃ —OCH₃ —H —H 343 400 —H —CF₃ —Cl —H —H 347

TABLE 55

Example R⁴ MS (M + 1) 401

285 402

285 403

287 404

299 405

302 406

303 407

303 408

310 409

313 410

316 411

317 412

333

TABLE 56

Example R⁴ MS (M + 1) 413

251 414

260 415

260 416

276 417

296 418

296 419

296 420

297 421

302 422

302 423

310 424

310 425

326 426

326 427

326 428

330 429

332 430

364

TABLE 57

Example R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ MS (M + 1) 431 —H —H —H —H —H 245 432 —H —H —CH₃ —H —H 259 433 —H —CH₃ —H —H —H 259 434 —CH₃ —H —H —H —H 259 435 —H —CN —H —H —H 270 436 —CN —H —H —H —H 270 437 —H —H —CN —H —H 270 438 —H —CH₃ —CH₃ —H —H 273 439 —H —CH₃ —H —CH₃ —H 273 440 —CH₃ —CH₃ —H —H —H 273 441 —H —H —C₂H₅ —H —H 273 442 —H —OCH₃ —H —H —H 275 443 —OCH₃ —H —H —H —H 275 444 —CH₃ —F —H —H —H 277 445 —H —CH₃ —F —H —H 277 446 —F —H —H —CH₃ —H 277 447 —H —F —CH₃ —H —H 277 448 —CH₃ —H —F —H —H 277 449 —F —H —H —F —H 281 450 —F —H —F —H —H 281 451 —H —CH₃ —CN —H —H 284 452 —H —C(O)CH₃ —H —H —H 287 453 —H —H —C(O)CH₃ —H —H 287 454 —CH₃ —H —CH₃ —CH₃ —H 287 455 —H —H —CH(CH₃)₂ —H —H 287 456 —F —H —CN —H —H 288 457 —H —F —CN —H —H 288 458 —H —CN —F —H —H 288 459 —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H —H —H 288 460 —H —H —N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 288 461 —CH₃ —H —OCH₃ —H —H 289 462 —H —CH₃ —OCH₃ —H —H 289 463 —H —CH₃ —F —CH₃ —H 291 464 —CH₃ —F —CH₃ —H —H 291 465 —H —H —SCH₃ —H —H 291 466 —H —SCH₃ —H —H —H 291 467 —OCH₃ —H —H —F —H 293 468 —CH₃ —Cl —H —H —H 293 469 —H —CH₃ —Cl —H —H 293 470 —H —Cl —CH₃ —H —H 293 471 —CH₃ —H —Cl —H —H 293 472 —F —H —H —Cl —H 297 473 —H —F —H —Cl —H 297 474 —F —H —Cl —H —H 297 475 —F —F —H —F —H 299 476 —H —H —(CH₂) ₃CH₃ —H —H 301 477 —H —H —C(CH₃) ₃ —H —H 301 478 —H —H —CH₂N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 302 479 —H —CH₂N(CH₃) ₂ —H —H —H 302 480 —OCH(CH₃) ₂ —H —H —H —H 303 481 —H —CH₃ —OCH₃ —CH₃ —H 303 482 —H —Cl —CN —H —H 304 483 —H —OCH₃ —H —OCH₃ —H 305 484 —H —OCH₃ —OCH₃ —H —H 305 485 —OCH₃ —H —H —OCH₃ —H 305 486 —OCH₃ —F —H —F —H 311 487 —H —OCH₃ —F —F —H 311 488 —OCH₃ —H —F —F —H 311 489 —H —H —OCHF₂ —H —H 311 490

—H —H —H —H 311 491 —H —H

—H —H 311 492 —H

—H —H —H 311 493 —H

—H —H —H 311 494 —CF₃ —H —H —H —H 313 495 —H —CF₃ —H —H —H 313 496 —H —H —CF₃ —H —H 313 497 —Cl —H —Cl —H —H 313 498 —H —Cl —H —Cl —H 313 499 —H —H

—H —H 314 500 —H —CH₃ —N(CH₃)₂ —CH₃ —H 316 501

—H —H —H —H 321 502 —H —H

—H —H 321 503 —H

—H —H —H 321 504 —H —Cl —OC₂H₅ —H —H 323 505 —H —H

—H —H 325 506 —H

—H —H —H 325 507 —H —H

—H —H 325 508 —H

—H —H —H 325 509 —H —CF₃ —CH₃ —H —H 327 510 —H —H

—H —H 327 511 —H —H

—H —H 327 512 —H —H

—H —H 327 513 —H —H

—H —H 328 514 —H —OCF₃ —H —H —H 329 515 —OCF₃ —H —H —H —H 329 516 —H —H —OCF₃ —H —H 329 517 —H —F —CF₃ —H —H 331 518 —H —CF₃ —F —H —H 331 519 —H —H —O(CH₂)₂N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 332 520 —H —OCH₃ —OCH₃ —OCH₃ —H 335 521

—H —H —H —H 335 522 —H —H

—H —H 335 523 —H —H

—H —H 337 524 —H

—H —H —H 337 525 —H —H

—H —H 342 526 —H —CF₃ —OCH₃ —H —H 343 527 —H —H —O(CH₂)₅CH₃ —H —H 345 528 —H —H —O(CH₂) ₃N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 346 529 —H —H

—H —H 347 530 —H —Cl —CF₃ —H —H 347 531 —H —CF₃ —Cl —H —H 347 532 —Cl —Cl —H —Cl —H 347 533 —H

—H —H —H 351 534

—H —H —H —H 351 535 —H

—H —H —H 351 536 —H —H

—H —H 351 537 —H —H —SO₂N(CH₃)₂ —H —H 352 538 —H —H

—H —H 353 539 —H

—H —H —H 355 540 —H —H

—H —H 358 541 —H —H —CH₂N(i-Pr)₂ —H —H 358 542 —H —CF₃ —H —CF₃ —H 381

TABLE 58

Example R⁴ MS (M + 1) 543

287 544

289 545

295 546

296 547

296 548

297 549

298 550

300 551

301 552

303 553

303 554

309 555

310 556

313 557

316 558

316 559

317 560

325 561

325 562

325 563

325 564

328 565

333 566

342 567

371 568

375 569

375

TABLE 59

Example R⁴ MS (M + 1) 570

246 571

251 572

260 573

260 574

265 575

276 578

296 577

301 578

314

TABLE 63

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 588

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.68 (3H, d, J = 0.6 Hz), 3.7-4.4 (3H, m), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 6.89 (2H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.09 (1H, br), 9.83 (1H, br) 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 64

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 589

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07-1.15 (18H, m), 1.17-1.34 (12H, m), 1.35-1.50 (2H, m), 1.64-1.86 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.47-3.53 (1H, m), 3.69-3.78 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 2.4, 9.1 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 590

1H-NMR (CDCl3 ) δppm: 1.13 (18H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.20-1.36 (12H, m), 1.36-1.64 (2H, m), 1.68-1.86 (4H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.12 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.7 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 591

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03-1.12 (18H, m), 1.12-1.32 (12H, m), 1.32-1.65 (2H, m), 1.66-1.84 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.47-3.53 (1H, m), 3.73-3.61 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 5.17 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 5.24 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.4 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). — 592

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14 (18H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.19-1.35 (13H, m), 1.35-1.65 (1H, m), 1.65-1.84 (4H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.93 (2H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 6.96 (1H, s), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.77 (1H, s). —

TABLE 65

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 593

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.33 (9H, m), 1.33-1.50 (2H, m), 1.64-1.84 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.49-3.56 (1H, m), 3.69-3.78 (1H, m), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.99-7.06 (2H, m), 7.22- 7.28 (1H, m), 7.52-7.58 (2H, m). — 594

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.17-1.36 (9H, m), 1.36-1.52 (2H, m), 1.65-1.86 (4H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.8- 6.85 (2H, m), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.4, 9.1 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 595

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.2 (1H, m), 1.2-1.4 (8H, m), 1.5-1.9 (5H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.22 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.62 (1H, br), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.95- 4.05 (1H, m), 4.85 (2H, s), 6.53 (2H, s), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.39 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.5 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 9.0H), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). Fumarate 596

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99 (1H, br), 1.15- 1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.5 (2H, m), 1.5-1.85 (4H, m), 2.44 (1H, br), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.8H), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.93 (3H, s), 4.79 (2H, s), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.21-7.28 (1H, m), 7.54 (1H, s), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). —

TABLE 66

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 597

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.65 (11H, m), 1.65-1.9 (4H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.50 (1H, bs), 3.75- 3.85 (1H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 598

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.08 (1H, br), 1.15- 1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.5 (2H, m), 1.65-1.85 (4H, m), 2.50 (3H, s), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.30 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 9.4 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). — 599

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.81-1.00 (1H, m), 1.03-1.13 (1H, m), 1.27 (3H, s), 1.33-1.43 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, s), 1.54-1.72 (2H, m), 1.72-1.82 (1H, m), 1.85-2.0 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.3-3.4 (2H, m), 3.75- 3.85 (1H, m), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.5-7.55 (2H, m), 7.6-7.7 (2H, m), 7.7-7.8 (1H, m), 8.3-8.4 (1H, m), 8.55-8.65 (1H, m), 8.65-8.75 (1H, m). — 600

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00 (1H, br), 1.19- 1.37 (8H, m), 1.39-1.51 (2H, m), 1.68-1.79 (3H, m), 1.79-1.93 (1H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.18 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.3-7.45 (3H, m), 7.8-7.95 (3H, m), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.25 (1H, s). — 601

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.0 (1H, m), 1.0-1.1 (1H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.5- 1.65 (7H, m), 1.65-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.59 (3H, s), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.3-3.5 (1H, m), 3.51 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 4.15-4.3 (1H, m), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.5-7.65 (2H, m), 7.95-8.15 (2H, m), 8.25-8.35 (1H, m), 9.6-9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 602

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.29-1.51 (6H, m), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.65-2.1 (5H, m), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.62 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.8- 3.9 (1H, m), 4.2-4.3 (1H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.50 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.4 Hz), 7.63 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.2 Hz), 7.87-7.98 (2H, m), 8.11-8.29 (2H, m), 9.74 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 603

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.32-1.54 (6H, m), 1.58 (3H, s), 1.67-1.90 (3H, m), 1.90- 2.14 (2H, m), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.71 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 4.25- 4.35 (1H, m), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.5- 7.65 (2H, m), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 8.25-8.45 (2H, m), 9.9- 10.1 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 604

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96 (1H, br), 1.15- 1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.5 (2H, m), 1.65-1.9 (4H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.37 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.4 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz). — 605

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.0 (1H, m), 1.1-1.2 (1H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.55-1.7 (4H, m), 1.7-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85- 2.05 (2H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.3- 3.6 (2H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.15-4.3 (1H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.5-7.55 (1H, m), 7.55-7.6 (1H, m), 7.95 (1H, br), 8.16 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 8.3 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 9.45-9.6 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 606

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.26-1.51 (6H, m), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.66-2.12 (5H, m), 3.06 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.57 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.74-3.86 (1H, m), 4.15-4.26 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.28-7.37 (2H, m), 7.43- 7.52 (1H, m), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.23 (1H, br), 9.90 ( 1H, br). Hydrochloride 607

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.28-1.52 (6H, m), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.64-1.97 (4H, m), 2.02- 2.16 (1H, m), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.56 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.36-7.45 (1H, m), 7.45-7.54 (1H, m), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.1-8.35 (1H, m), 9.90 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 608

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.26-1.52 (6H, m), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.66-2.02 (4H, m), 2.02- 2.12 (1H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.51 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.65-3.9 (2H, m), 4.15- 4.25 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.22- 7.3 (1H, m), 7.35-7.47 (2H, m), 7.65-7.85 (3H, m), 8.1-8.3 (1H, m), 9.8-10.0 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 609

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.06-1.16 (1H, m), 1.16-1.39 (8H, m), 1.46-1.78 (4H, m), 1.78-1.93 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.9-4.0 (5H, m), 4.30-4.42 (2H, m), 6.27-6.58 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.9 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.35 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 9.4 Hz), 7.61-7.68 (2H, m). 1/2 Fumarate 610

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.23-1.52 (6H, m), 1.59 (3H, s), 1.64-2.03 (4H, m), 2.03- 2.16 (1H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95 (3H, s), 4.1-4.2 (1H, m), 4.77 (1H, br), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.46 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.2 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 8.23 (1H, s), 8.25-8.4 (1H, m), 10.13 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 611

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.12-1.20 (1H, m), 1.21-1.39 (8H, m), 1.47-1.79 (4H, m), 1.79-1.95 (1H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.85-3.75 (5H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 6.54 (2H, s), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.7 Hz), 7.43 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.2 Hz), 7.65-7.75 (2H, m), 7.80 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). Fumarate 612

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.19 (1H, m), 1.19-1.40 (8H, m), 1.46-1.80 (4H, m), 1.80-1.96 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.9-4.3 (5H, m), 6.51 (1H, s), 7.05-7.45 (4H, m), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.7-7.8 (2H, m). 1/2 Fumarate 613

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.55-1.65 (1H, m), 1.7-1.8 (2H, m), 1.8- 2.0 (2H, m), 2.25-2.35 (1H, m), 2.4-2.5 (1H, m), 2.6-2.75 (2H, m), 2.95-3.1 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.3-3.5 (1H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 3.85- 3.95 (1H, m), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.99 (1H, br), 9.64 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 614

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.08-1.37 (9H, m), 1.42 (6H, s), 1.47-1.85 (5H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.53 (1H, br), 3.63-3.73 (1H, m), 4.74 (2H, s), 6.52 (2H, s), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.76 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 9.0 Hz). Fumarate

TABLE 67

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 615

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.91-1.09 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.31-1.43 (5H, m), 1.54-1.78 (3H, m), 1.81-1.95 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (4H, m), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.4-3.5 (1H, m), 3.65-3.7 (1H, m), 6.72-6.77 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.13 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz). — 616

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.08 (3H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.29-1.42 (5H, m), 1.52-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68-1.88 (2H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.77 (3H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 3.02-3.12 (1H, m), 3.20 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.66 (1H, br), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.52 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 8.0 Hz). — 617

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.90-1.08 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.32-1.43 (5H, m), 1.45-1.78 (3H, m), 1.81-1.95 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.14 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.33-3.42 (1H, m), 3.62-3.71 (1H, m), 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 4.1, 8.4 Hz), 6.92 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 5.4 hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J = 3.7, 5.4 Hz). — 618

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (5H, m), 1.45-1.8 (4H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.14 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.3-3.4 (1H, m), 3.8-3.7 (1H, m), 3.96 (3H, s), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz). — 619

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.08 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.30-1.43 (5H, m), 1.47-1.78 (3H, m), 1.82-1.96 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11. 2 Hz), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.42-3.52 (1H, m), 3.63-3.71 (1H, m), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz). — 620

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94 (1H, br), 1.14- 1.33 (8H, m), 1.33-1.49 (2H, m), 1.65-1.85 (4H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz). — 621

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.02-1.19 (2H, m), 1.32-1.44 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.58-1.88 (3H, m), 1.92-2.09 (2H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.46 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 3.95-4.08 (1H, m), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 11.0 Hz), 7.41 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.1 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.14 (1H, br), 9.76 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 622

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.12 (2H, m), 1.13-2.02 (13H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.22 (1H, br), 3.45-3.6 (1H, m), 3.77 (1H, br), 3.96 (3H, s), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.33 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 8.13 (1H, s). — 623

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.94-1.12 (2H, m), 1.28-1.43 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.58-2.07 (5H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.41 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 4.15-4.25 (1H, m), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 6.5, 12.6 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J = 3.8, 5.4 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.05 (1H, br), 9.85 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 624

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.17-1.52 (6H, m), 1.52-1.63 (3H, m), 1.63-1.74 (1H, m), 1.74-1.98 (3H, m), 1.98-2.16 (1H, m), 2.33 (3H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.33-3.5 (1H, m), 3.53-3.97 (2H, m), 4.03- 4.18 (1H, m), 7.03-7.12 (1H, m), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.9 Hz), 7.4-7.5 (1H, m), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.1-8.35 (1H, m), 9.8-10.1 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 625

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.4 (9H, m), 1.49-1.93 (6H, m), 2.31 (3H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.19 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.25-3.85 (3H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.52 (2H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 9.0 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). Fumarate 626

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.09-1.17 (1H, m), 1.17-1.41 (8H, m), 1.45-1.76 (4H, m), 1.76-1.89 (1H, m), 2.47 (3H, d, J = 1.1 Hz), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.47 (3H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, s), 6.90 (1H, s), 6.99 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.9 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). 1/2 Fumarate

TABLE 68

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 627

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99 (1H, br), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.29-1.51 (4H, m), 1.68-1.82 (3H, m), 1.82-1.95 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, d, J =12.8 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.91 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 4.2-4.3 (1H, m), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.03 (2H, s), 7.77 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). — 628

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.35-1.63 (9H, m), 1.69-1.97 (3H, m), 1.97-2.16 (2H, m), 3.05-3.35 (1H, m), 3.35-4.3 (2H, m), 4.3-4.8 (2H, m), 7.1-7.35 (1H, m), 7.4-7.75 (1H, m), 8.0-8.2 (1H, m), 8.25-8.7 (2H, m), 9.85-10.35 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 629

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.43-1.54 (5H, m), 1.64 (3H, s), 1.71-1.83 (2H, m), 1.83- 2.06 (2H, m), 2.06-2.17 (1H, m), 2.4-2.6 (1H, m), 3.56 (1H, d, J = 15.1 Hz), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 4.25 (1H, d, J = 15.0 Hz), 4.65-4.75 (1H, m), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 8.5-8.6 (2H, m), 8.9-9.1 (1H, m), 10.35-10.65 (1H, m), 15.15 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 69

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 630

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.17 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.31 (3H, s), 1.33-1.45 (2H, m), 1.5-1.78 (3H, m), 1.81-1.95 (1H, m), 2.45 (3H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.55-3.64 (2H, m), 6.39 (1H, s), 6.56 (1H, dd, J = 0.5, 7.7 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz). — 631

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.10-1.27 (5H, m), 1.29 (3H, s), 1.35-1.48 (2H, m), 1.48-1.83 (5H, m), 2.77-2.89 (2H, m), 3.49-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.63 (1H, m), 4.01 (3H, s), 6.50 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz). — 632

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.22 (2H, m), 1.34-1.45 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.60-2.07 (5H, m), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.88-3.89 (1H, m), 3.89-4.02 (1H, m), 6.62 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 12.3 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 8.7 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 2.2 Hz), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 8.05-8.2 (1H, m), 9.7-9.95 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 633

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.16-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.47 (3H, s), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.66-1.92 (3H, m), 1.92-2.14 (2H, m), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 4.2-4.35 (1H, m), 6.68 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 12.1 Hz), 6.89-7.04 (2H, m), 8.02 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.26 (1H, br), 9.89 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 634

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.18-1.36 (2H, m), 1.36-1.49 (4H, m), 1.49-1.57 (3H, m), 1.62-1.94 (4H, m), 1.94-2.12 (1H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.75- 3.9 (1H, m), 3.95-4.15 (1H, m), 7.22 (1H, s), 7.37 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.3 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, br), 9.6-10.1 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 635

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.1 (2H, m), 1.2-1.35 (7H, m), 1.45-1.85 (4H, m), 1.85-2.05 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 2.9-4.4 (5.5H, m), 6.52 (1.5H, s), 6.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.0-7.4 (3H, m), 8.00 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). 3/4 Fumarate 636

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.35-1.44 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.59-2.07 (5H, m), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.84 ( 3H, s), 3.89-4.02 (2H, m), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.75 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.93 (1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.0-8.2 (1H, m), 9.55-9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 637

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.21-1.37 (2H, m), 1.37-1.49 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.63- 1.92 (4H, m), 1.92-2.10 (1H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.75- 3.9 (1H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.06 (1H, br), 9.72 (1H, br) Hydrochloride 638

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.18-1.37 (2H, m), 1.37-1.48 (4H, m), 1.55 (3H, s), 1.61- 1.98 (4H, m), 1.99-2.15 (1H, m), 2.38 (3H, s), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 4.34 (1H, br), 6.40 (1H, s), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.6 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.22 (1H, br), 10.07 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 639

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.28-1.48 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.64-1.93 (4H, m), 1.95- 2.06 (1H, m), 2.99 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.46 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.5-3.95 (2H, m), 4.05- 4.15 (1H, m), 6.83-6.92 (2H, m), 7.01 (1H, s), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.14 (1H, br), 9.82 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 640

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.18-1.49 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.62-1.93 (4H, m), 1.95- 2.12 (1H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.30 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95- 4.1 (1H, m), 4.95 (1H, br), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 3.0 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 14.3 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.14 (1H, br), 9.89 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 641

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.12-1.29 (8H, m) 1.29-1.40 (2H, m), 1.45-1.76 (4H, m), 1.82-1.96 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 2.85-3.85 (4H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.55 (2H, s), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 0.6 Hz). Fumarate

TABLE 70

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 642

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.10-1.20 (20H, m), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.25-1.36 (4H, m), 1.37-1.50 (2H, m), 1.64-1.88 (7H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, s), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.9 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz). — 643

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.11-1.19 (19H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.23-1.32 (2H, m), 1.35 (3H, s), 1.37-1.47 (2H, m), 1.63-1.86 (6H, m), 1.90-2.04 (1H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 8.3 Hz), 8.26 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz). — 644

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14-1.23 (21H, m), 1.23-1.33 (6H, m), 1.38-1.50 (2H, m), 1.63- 1.88 (4H, m), 1.93-2.06 (3H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.44- 3.50 (1H, m), 3.56-3.65 (1H, m), 6.88-6.94 (2H, m), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 0.4 Hz), 7.42-7.47 (1H, m). — 645

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.02-1.17 (21H, m), 1.19 (3H, s), 1.31-1.42 (5H, m), 1.59-1.77 (6H, m), 1.79-1.92 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.45-3.6 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.39 (1H, dd, J = 3.4, 8.3 Hz), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 3.2 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.2, 12.7 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz). — 646

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95 (1H, br), 1.15- 1.30 (26H, m), 1.32-1.49 (2H, m), 1.63-1.82 (4H, m), 1.93-2.08 (3H, m), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 9.4 Hz), 7.23- 7.28 (1H, m), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). — 647

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07-1.16 (19H, m), 1.17-1.32 (8H, m), 1.32-1.48 (2H, m), 1.61- 1.89 (7H, m), 2.8-2.9 (2H, m), 3.5-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 6.40 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz). — 648

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03-1.17 (19H, m), 1.19-1.36 (8H, m), 1.36-1.49 (2H, m), 1.63- 1.90 (6H, m), 1.95-2.11 (1H, m), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.38 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.45- 3.55 (1H, m), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 6.33 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz). — 649

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.1-1.18 (19H, m), 1.18-1.22 (4H, m), 1.34 (3H, s), 1.36-1.44 (2H, m), 1.61-1.83 (7H, m), 1.85-1.98 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.6-3.65 (1H, m), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 6.30 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.2 Hz), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 12.0 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz). —

TABLE 71

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 650

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03 (1H, br), 1.15- 1.34 (8H, m), 1.34-1.52 (2H, m), 1.62-1.90 (4H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.43-3.55 (1H, m), 3.69-3.81 (1H, m), 6.71 (1H, s), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.0, 9.0 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 9.76 (1H, br). — 651

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.25 (6H, m), 1.33 (3H, s), 1.37-1.47 (2H, m), 1.64-1.80 (3H, m), 1.88-2.00 (1H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.62-3.68 (1H, m), 3.83-3.92 (1H, m), 6.4-6.45 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.23 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 8.1 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 10.05 (1H, br). — 652

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95 (1H, br), 1.15- 1.33 (8H, m), 1.33-1.50 (2H, m), 1.64-1.88 (4H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 6.66 (1H, s), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 2.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.22 (1H, bs). — 653

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.13 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.27-1.45 (5H, m), 1.58-1.79 (3H, m), 1.79-1.94 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (2H, m), 6.35 (1H, dd, J = 3.8, 8.3 Hz), 6.61 (1H, dd, J = 3.3, 5.5 Hz), 6.76 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 10.7 Hz), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 8.33 (1H, br). — 654

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-1.25 (6H, m), 1.28 (3H, s), 1.31-1.48 (2H, m), 1.63-1.82 (4H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 2.0 Hz), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 9.1 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.64 (1H, br). — 655

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.25 (2H, m), 1.25-1.35 (7H, m), 1.45-1.9 (5H, m), 2.55-4.35 (6H, m), 6.27 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 3.3 Hz), 6.49 (1H, s), 7.33 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 2.9 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 11.30 (1H, s). 1/2 Fumarate 656

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00 (1H, br), 1.18- 1.36 (7H, m), 1.36-1.52 (3H, m), 1.64-1.83 (3H, m), 1.98-2.13 (1H, m), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.43 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.52 (1H, br), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 6.51 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d = 5.7 Hz), 9.99 (1H, br). — 657

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03-1.17 (2H, m), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.33 (3H, s), 1.36-1.45 (2H, m), 1.62-1.79 (3H, m), 1.83-1.96 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.65-3.7 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.28 (1H, dd, J = 3.3, 8.3 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 10.3 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 3.3 Hz), 10.26 (1H, br). —

TABLE 72

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 658

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.65 (11H, m), 1.65-1.9 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.46-3.54 (1H, m), 3.71-3.79 (1H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 6.51 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 659

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.15 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.32 (3H, s), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.6-1.8 (4H, m), 1.85-2.0 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.52 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz) 7.20 (1H, s), 7.25-7.3 (1H, m). — 660

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.25 (2H, m), 1.25-1.4 (7H, m), 1.45-1.9 (5H, m), 2.93 (2H, s), 3.38 (3H, br), 3.63 (1H, br), 3.70- 3.83 (4H, m), 6.28 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 6.53 (2H, s), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz). Fumarate 661

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.4 (9H, m), 1.5-1.8 (4H, m), 1.95-2.15 (1H, m), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.43 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.05-4.15 (1H, m), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 6.49 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 6.55 (2H, s), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.93 (1H,d, J = 5.6 Hz). Fumarate 662

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.30-1.42 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.57-1.66 (1H, m), 1.69-1.98 (3H, m), 1.98-2.09 (1H, m), 2.99 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.26 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.05-4.2 (4H, s), 6.39 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.3 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 11.8 Hz), 8.14 (1H, br), 8.38 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 9.95 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 663

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.16 (2H, m), 1.34-1.44 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.58-1.95 (4H, m), 1.98-2.09 (1H, m), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 4.17 (3H, s), 6.24 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 8.0 Hz), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 11.5 Hz), 7.95- 8.2 (1H, m), 8.74 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 9.75- 9.95 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 664

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.3 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (7H, m), 1.5-1.7 (2H, m), 1.7- 1.9 (3H, m), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.72 (1H, br), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 6.58 (6H, s), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.1 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.10 (1H, s). 3 Fumarate 665

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.15 (1H, m), 1.15-1.35 (9H, m), 1.45-1.75 (3H, m), 1.75-1.9 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.0-3.6 (4H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.51 (1H, s), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.9 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.99 (1H, s). 1/2 Fumarate

TABLE 73

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 666

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.25 (2H, m), 1.31-1.42 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.58-1.69 (1H, m), 1.69-1.84 (2H, m), 1.84-2.05 (3H, m), 2.05-2.2 (1H, m), 2.70-2.92 (5H, m), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.45-3.57 (1H, m), 3.80-3.93 (1H, m), 6.53 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 11.6 Hz), 6.66-6.76 (1H, m), 7.9-8.2 (1H, m), 9.7-10.0 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 667

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.21 (2H, m), 1.29-1.41 (1H, m), 1.48 (6H, s), 1.55- 1.67 (1H, m), 1.67-2.06 (5H, m), 2.07-2.21 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 2.78-3.00 (4H, m), 3.21-3.39 (2H, m), 3.78-3.89 (1H, m), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 4.4, 8.6 Hz), 6.88 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 8.6 Hz), 8.01 (1H, br), 9.74 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 668

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.24 (1H, m), 1.34-1.42 (1H, m), 1.45 (3H, s), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.58-2.03 (6H, m), 2.03-2.19 (1H, m), 2.72-2.95 (5H, m), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.38-3.55 (1H, m), 3.79-3.95 (1H, m), 4.28-4.11 (1H, m), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 6.94 (1H, s), 7.9-8.1 (1H, m), 9.6-9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 669

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.20-1.48 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.63-1.93 (4H, m), 1.93- 2.10 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 3.9- 4.05 (1H, m), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.9 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.15 (1H, br), 9.86 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 670

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.25 (9H, m), 1.25-1.4 (1H, m), 1.45-1.75 (4H, m), 1.9- 2.05 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.06 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.1-3.63 (3H, m), 3.63- 3.70 (1H, m), 6.57 (2H, s), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.75-6.81 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 8.3 Hz). Fumarate 671

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.31 (2H, m), 1.35-1.46 (4H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.61- 1.87 (4H, m), 1.93-2.07 (1H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 5.88-5.95 (2H, m), 6.32 (1H, d, J = 2.4, 8.5 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.9-8.15 (1H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride

TABLE 74

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 672

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.02-1.15 (19H, m), 1.15-1.28 (11H, m), 1.29-1.46 (2H, m), 1.60- 1.76 (4H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 6.69- 6.74 (2H, m), 6.74-6.79 (2H, m). — 673

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.11 (18H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.16-1.33 (11H, m), 1.33-1.59 (3H, m), 1.65-1.78 (4H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.4-3.45 (1H, m), 3.55-3.6 (1H, m), 6.28 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 7.6 Hz), 6.37 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 2.3 Hz), 6.43 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 7.8 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz). — 674

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.04-1.15 (19H, m), 1.15-1.30 (11H, m), 1.32-1.47 (2H, m), 1.47- 1.77 (4H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.41-3.48 (1H, m), 3.54- 3.63 (1H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.78-4.88 (2H, m), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.7 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz). — 675

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.06-1.14 (18H, m), 1.15-1.29 (12H, m), 1.29-1.48 (2H, m), 1.58- 1.76 (4H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.45- 3.55 (1H, m), 6.40-6.48 (1H, m), 6.55 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.1 Hz), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 9.4, 9.4 Hz). — 676

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.11 (18H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.16-1.21 (4H, m), 1.21-1.33 (7H, m), 1.34-1.47 (2H, m), 1.47-1.78 (5H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 3.0, 8.9 Hz), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz). — 677

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.06-1.11 (18H, m), 1.11-1.22 (7H, m), 1.23 (3H, s), 1.25-1.80 (8H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.4-3.5 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 4.73 (2H, s), 6.79-6.85 (2H, m), 7.18- 7.23 (2H, m), — 678

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.05-1.12 (18H, m), 1.12-1.48 (13H, m), 1.48-1.82 (5H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 2.99 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 4.77 (2H, s), 6.47 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 13.9 Hz), 6.61 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.6 Hz), 7.32 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz). — 679

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03 (18H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 1.13-1.27 (9H, m), 1.27-1.77 (6H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 4.96 (2H, s), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.8 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). —

TABLE 75

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 680

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.02-1.30 (9H, m), 1.30-1.49 (2H, m), 1.50-1.83 (4H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.4-3.6 (2H, m), 6.75 (4H, bs). — 681

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.16-1.30 (8H, m), 1.30-1.49 (3H, m), 1.60-1.83 (4H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.38-3.45 (1H, m), 3.56-3.68 (1H, m), 6.17- 6.23 (1H, m), 6.33 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 2.3 Hz), 6.43 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.3 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz). — 682

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.25 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (7H, m), 1.5-1.9 (5H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.63-3.78 (5H, m), 4.44 (2H, s), 6.54 (3H, s), 6.73 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.8 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz). 3/2 Fumarate 683

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.09-2.34 (16H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 2.85-3.1 (1H, m), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 6.73 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.9 Hz), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). — 684

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.60 (12H, m), 1.61-1.83 (4H, m), 2.72 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.4-3.45 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 4.56 (2H, s), 6.80-6.86 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (2H, m). — 685

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92 (1H, br), 1.16- 1.36 (8H, m), 1.37-1.48 (2H, m), 1.57 (1H, br), 1.62-1.84 (4H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 12.0H), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 4.62 (2H, s), 6.51 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 14.0 Hz), 6.59 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz). — 686

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.02 (1H, m), 1.02-1.18 (7H, m), 1.19-1.32 (1H, m), 1.35- 1.66 (5H, m), 1.69-1.83 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.32 (1H, br), 3.41-3.50 (1H, m), 4.43 (2H, d, J = 4.6 Hz), 4.88 (1H, t, J = 5.4 Hz), 6.55 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.7 Hz), 6.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 8.55 (1H, s). —

TABLE 76

Example R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 687 —H —H —OCH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35- 1.45 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.68 (3H, s), 3.7-3.9 (2H, m), 4.35- 5.75 (1H, m), 6.75-6.85 (2H, m), 6.85-6.95 (2H, m), 8.11 (1H, br), 9.92 (1H, br). 688 —CH3 —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: — 0.93-1.1 (2H, m), 1.17 (3H, s), 1.31 (3H, s), 1.35-1.43 (3H, s), 1.55-1.75 (3H, m), 1.78-1.93 (1H, m), 2.37 (3H, s), 2.42 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.83-2.91 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 7.1 Hz), 6.99- 7.09 (2H, m). 689 —CH3 —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.0-1.17 (2H, m), 1.3- 1.43 (1H, m), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.56-1.68 (1H, m), 1.68-1.87 (2H, m), 1.87-2.1 (2H, m), 2.30 (3H, s), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.11-3.23 (1H, m), 3.25-3.45 (1H, m), 3.78-3.92 (1H, m), 6.92-7.04 (2H, m), 7.08- 7.22 (2H, m), 8.03 (1H, br), 9.65-9.95 (1H, m).″ 690 —H —H —CH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.18-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.48 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62-1.9 (4H, m), 1.98-2.04 (1H, m), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.9- 4.0 (1H, m), 4.1-4.45 (1H, m), 6.8-6.87 (2H, m), 6.98-7.07 (2H, m), 8.05- 8.25 (1H, m), 9.8-10.05 (1H, m). 691 —CH3 —CH3 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 0.98-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.42 (1H, m), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.55- 1.67 (1H, m), 1.67-1.83 (2H, m), 1.83-2.008 (2H, m), 2.20 (3H, s), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.59 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.05-3.15 (1H, m), 3.25- 3.4 (1H, m), 3.82-3.96 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.98 (1H, br), 9.65- 9.8 (1H, m). 692 —H —CH3 —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.22-1.47 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.63-1.93 (4H, m), 1.97-2.08 (1H, m), 2.27 (3H, s), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.8-4.1 (2H, m), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.9 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.1-8.3 (1H, m), 9.85-10.05 (1H, m). 693 —H —CH3 —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.16-1.33 (2H, m), 1.36-1.45 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62-1.9 (4H, m), 2.0-2.08 (1H, m), 2.18 (3H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.15- 4.55 (1H, m), 6.72-6.8 (1H, m), 6.81-6.89 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 9.1 Hz), 8.05-8.25 (1H, m), 9.85-10.1 (1H, m). 694 —CH3 —F —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.56- 1.84 (3H, m), 1.84-2.06 (2H, m), 2.20 (3H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.15-3.25 (1H, m), 3.29-3.42 (1H, m), 3.85- 4.0 (1H, m), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 15.3 Hz), 8.02 (1H, br), 9.72 (1H, br). 695 —H —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.25-1.46 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.63-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.47 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.77 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 7.8 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 2.2, 8.4 Hz), 6.96-7.01 (1H, m), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz), 8.17 (1H, br), 9.85 (1H, br). 696 —CH3 —OCH3 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.55-1.65 (1H, m), 1.65-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.13 (3H, s), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.1-3.2 (1H, m), 3.3-3.4 (1H, m), 3.76 (3H, s), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz), 8.01 (1H, br), 9.71 (1H, br). 697 —H —Cl —CH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.24-1.47 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.63-1.91 (4H, m), 1.91-2.08 (1H, m), 2.20 (3H, s), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.23-3.42 (1H, m), 3.66-3.80 (1H, m), 3.94-4.08 (1H, m), 6.84 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.5 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.12 (1H, br), 9.82 (1H, br). 698 —H —F —CH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.25-1.45 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.65-1.9 (4H, m), 2.0-2.05 (1H, m), 2.10 (3H, s), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 6.67 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.5 Hz), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 13.5 Hz), 7.08 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 8.0-8.3 (1H, m), 9.75-10.0 (1H, m). 699 —H —H —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.21-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.48 (4H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.63-1.95 (4H, m), 1.98-2.12 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.32 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.7- 3.8 (1H, m), 3.9-4.05 (1H, m), 6.85-7.26 (5H, m), 8.20 (1H, br), 9.99 (1H, br). 700 —H —H —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.25-1.49 (6H, m), 1.49-1.57 (3H, m), 1.65- 1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.09 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.39-3.48 (1H, m), 3.71-3.83 (1H, m), 3.98-4.09 (1H, m), 6.98- 7.05 (2H, m), 7.16-7.24 (2H, m), 8.16 (1H, br), 9.65-10.1 (1H, m). 701 —H —Cl —CN —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.10 (3H, s), 1.15- 1.25 (4H, m), 1.25-1.45 (2H, m), 1.45-1.7 (4H, m), 1.85-2.0 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 2.85- 3.85 (4H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, s), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.1 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). 702 —H —F —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.25-1.5 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.65-2.1 (5H, m), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.54 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.81 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.3 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.4 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 9.0 Hz), 8.24 (1H, br), 9.92 (1H, br). 703 —H —F —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.10-1.37 (9H, m), 1.44-1.75 (4H, m), 1.75-1.90 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.25-3.45 (1H, m), 3.7- 3.8 (1H, m), 6.51 (1H, m), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 2.1, 9.1Hz), 6.81-7.24 (3H, m) 704 —H —Cl —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.07-1.36 (9H, m), 1.43-1.58 (1H, m), 1.58- 1.72 (3H, m), 1.73-1.89 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.0-3.7 (4H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 6.82-7.24 (4H, m). 705 —H —CHF2 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Fumarate δppm: 1.15-1.41 (9H, m), 1.48-1.92 (5H, m), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 2.8- 4.4 (6H, m), 6.46 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.54 (2H, s), 6.62 (1H, s), 6.76 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.5 Hz), 7.0-7.4 (2H, m). 706 —H —OCHF2 —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 0.97-1.36 (9H, m), 1.43-1.73 (4H, m), 1.73- 1.87 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 2.95-3.8 (5H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 6.7- 6.8 (2H, m), 7.0-7.4 (2H, m). 707 —H —OCHF2 —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.11-1.37 (9H, m), 1.45-1.74 (4H, m), 1.77- 1.91 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.75-4.2 (5H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 6.73-6.83 (2H, m), 7.03- 7.43 (2H, m). 708 —H —CN —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.06-1.21 (7H, m), 1.21-1.36 (2H, m), 1.41- 1.70 (4H, m), 1.74-1.89 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.9-3.75 (4H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.54 (1H, s), 6.99-7.14 (4H, m). 709 —H —OCHF2 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.1-1.4 (9H, m), 1.45-1.75 (4H, m), 1.75- 1.9 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.8-4.3 (5H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 6.71- 7.38 (5H, m). 710 —H —F —OCHF2 —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.08-1.22 (7H, m), 1.25-1.40 (2H, m), 1.42- 1.72 (4H, m), 1.76-1.92 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.8-4.35 (5H, m), 6.53 (1H, s), 6.66- 6.76 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, t, J = 72.9 Hz). 711 —H —H —OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.15-1.31 (2H, m), 1.32-1.49 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62-1.89 (4H m), 1.98-2.08 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.16 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.80-4.27 (4H, m), 6.18-6.50 (1H, m), 6.90 (4H, s), 8.0-8.25 (1H, m), 9.8-10.1 (1H, m). 712 —H —F —OCH2CF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.20-1.46 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.63-1.89 (4H m), 1.92-2.08 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.67-3.79 (1H, m), 3.88-4.01 (1H, m), 4.20-4.33 (2H, m), 6.18- 6.52 (1H, m), 6.68 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 9.1 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.7 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 9.5 Hz), 8.0-8.2 (1H, m), 9.75-9.95 (1H, m). 713 —H —CH3 —OCHCF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.06-1.16 (1H, m), 1.16-1.37 (8H, m), 1.45- 1.88 (5H, m), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.1-3.9 (4H, m), 6.50 (1H, s), 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.9 Hz), 6.75-7.16 (3H, m). 714 —H —OCH3 —OCHCF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.08-1.18 (1H, m), 1.18-1.27 (7H, m), 1.27- 1.38 (1H, m), 1.44-1.60 (1H, m), 1.60-1.74 (3H, m), 1.74-1.88 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.15-3.85 (7H, m), 6.40 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 8.9 Hz), 6.50 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 6.62-7.02 (2H, m). 715 —OCHCF2 —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) — δppm: 0.94-1.14 (1H, m), 1.14-1.15 (1H, m), 1.18 (3H, s), 1.26 (3H, s), 1.28-1.43 (2H, m), 1.48 (1H, br), 1.61-1.73 (3H, m), 1.76-1.90 (1H, m), 2.49 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.45-3.6 (2H, m), 6.55 (1H, dd, J = 70.2, 81.4 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 8.0 Hz), 6.93-6.99 (1H, m), 7.07-7.18 (2H, m)

TABLE 77

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 716

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.47 (3H, s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.6-2.05 (5H, m), 2.15 (3H, d, J = 0.7 Hz), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.20 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 3.3 Hz), 7.9-8.1 (1H, m), 9.6- 9.75 (1H, m). — 717

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.6-1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-2.1 (4H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 4.1-4.2 (1H, m), 7.06 (1H, s), 7.35-7.45 (2H, m), 7.9- 8.0 (2H, m), 8.0-8.15 (1H, m), 9.6-9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride

TABLE 78

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 718

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.08-1.15 (18H, m), 1.19-1.34 (12H, m), 1.35-1.48 (2H, m), 1.64-1.85 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 2.5, 9.1 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 719

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.13 (18H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.18-1.36 (12H, m), 1.36-1.65 (2H, m), 1.65-1.87 (4H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.12 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.7 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 720

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.04-1.12 (18H, m), 1.12-1.32 (12H, m), 1.32-1.64 (2H, m), 1.65-1.86 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.47-3.53 (1H, m), 3.73-3.81 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 5.17 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 5.24 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.4 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). — 721

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14 (18H, d, J = 6.7 Hz), 1.19-1.33 (13H, m), 1.33-1.65 (1H, m), 1.65-1.84 (4H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.93 (2H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 6.96 (1H, s), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.21 (1H, dd, J =2.4, 9.0 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.77 (1H, s). —

TABLE 79

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 722

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14-1.51 (11H, m), 1.65-1.85 (4H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.52-3.57 (1H, m), 3.69-3.79 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.99-7.06 (2H, m), 7.22-7.28 (1H, m), 7.52-7.58 (2H, m). — 723

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.18-1.36 (9H, m), 1.35-1.51 (2H, m), 1.66-1.86 (4H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.8-6.85 (2H, m), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.4, 9.1 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 724

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.2 (1H, m), 1.2-1.4 (8H, m), 1.5-1.9 (5H, m), 2.86 (1H, d. J = 12.2 Hz), 3.20 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.58 (1H, br), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.9- 4.0 (1H, m), 4.85 (2H, s), 6.54 (2H, s), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.39 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.5 Hz). 7.66 (1H, d, J = 9.0H), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). Fumarate 725

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97 (1H, br), 1.15-1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.5 (2H, m), 1.65- 1.85 (4H, m), 2.42 (1H, t, J = 6.5 Hz), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.7H), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.79 (2H, d, J = 5.9 Hz), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.21-7.28 (1H, m), 7.54 (1H, s). 7.60 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). —

TABLE 80

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 726

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.05 (1H, m), 1.05-1.2 (1H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.55-1.65 (4H, m), 1.65-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85-2.05 (2H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.25-3.6 (2H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.15-4.3 (1H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.5-7.55 (1H, m), 7.55-7.6 (1H, m), 7.96 (1H, br), 8.16 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 8.3 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 9.4-9.6 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 727

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.0 (1H, m), 1.0-1.15 (1H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.5- 1.65 (7H, m), 1.65-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85-2.1 (2H, m), 2.59 (3H, s), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (1H, m), 3.51 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 4.15-4.3 (1H, m), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.5-7.65 (2H, m), 7.95-8.15 (2H, m), 8.25-8.35 (1H, m), 9.6-9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 728

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.23-1.54 (6H, m), 1.58 (3H, s), 1.64-2.02 (4H, m), 2.02- 2.15 (1H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.50 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.9-4.53 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.22-7.32 (1H, m), 7.32-7.46 (2H, m), 7.65- 7.82 (3H, m), 8.26 (1H, br), 10.02 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 729

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.83-0.99 (1H, m), 1.021.13 (1H, m), 1.27 (3H, s), 1.32- 1.42 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, s), 1.54-1.71 (2H, m), 1.71-1.81 (1H, m), 1.85-1.99 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.3-3.45 (2H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 7.15 (1H, s), 7.5-7.55 (2H, m), 7.6-7.7 (2H, m), 7.7-7.8 (1H, m), 8.3-8.4 (1H, m), 8.55-8.65 (1H, m), 8.65- 8.75 (1H, m). — 730

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.65 (11H, m), 1.65-1.9 (4H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.50 (1H, bs), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.0 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 731

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.3-1.5 (6H, m), 1.55 (3H, s), 1.65-2.05 (5H, m), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.62 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 4.2-4.3 (1H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.50 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.4 Hz), 7.63 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.2 Hz), 7.85-8.0 (2H, m), 8.11-8.2 (1H, m), 8.26 (1H, s), 9.6-9.75 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 732

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.32-1.54 (6H, m), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.66-2.13 (5H, m), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 13.9 Hz), 3.72 (1H, d, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 4.25-4.35 (1H, m), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.5-7.65 (2H, m), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 8.15-8.45 (2H, m), 9.92 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 733

1H-NMR (DMSO) δppm: 1.0-1.35 (9H, m), 1.4-1.6 (2H, m), 1.6-1.7 (3H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.72 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.12 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.3-3.4 (1H, m), 3.8- 3.9 (1H, m), 3.92 (3H, s), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.49 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.5 Hz), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). — 734

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00 (1H, br), 1.19-1.37 (8H, m), 1.38-1.51 (2H, m), 1.67- 1.79 (3H, m), 1.79-1.93 (1H, m), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.18 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.53 (1H, br), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.3-7.45 (3H, m), 7.8-7.95 (3H, m). 8.15 (1H, s), 8.25 (1H, s). — 735

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.25 (1H, m), 1.25-1.4 (8H, m), 1.5-1.95 (5H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.31 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.54 (1H, br), 3.95-4.05 (1H, m), 6.54 (2H, s), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.7 Hz), 7.44 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.2 Hz), 7.67-7.76 (2H, m), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). Fumarate 736

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.09 (1H, br), 1.15-1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.5 (2H, m), 1.65- 1.85 (4H, m), 2.50 (3H , s), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 6.96 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.30 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 9.4 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz). — 737

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.06-1.19 (1H, m), 1.19-1.39 (8H, m), 1.47-1.80 (4H, m), 1.80-1.96 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.9-4.4 (5H, m), 6.51 (1H, s), 7.05-7.45 (4H, m), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.7-7.8 (2H, m). 1/2 Fumarate 738

1H-NMR (DMS0-d6) δppm: 1.23-1.54 (6H, m), 1.60 (3H, s), 1.66-2.06 (4H, m), 2.06- 2.20 (1H, m), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 13.9 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.95 (3H, s), 4.1-4.2 (1H, m). 4.77 (1H, br), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.46 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.2 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 8.23 (1H, s), 8.25-8.4 (1H, m), 10.18 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 739

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.27-1.50 (6H, m), 1.58 (3H, s), 1.65-2.13 (5H, m), 3.06 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.56 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.73-3.87 (1H, m), 4.14-4.26 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.28-7.38 (2H, m), 7.43-7.52 (1H, m), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.15-8.4 (1H, m), 9.9-10.1 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 740

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.28-1.50 (6H, m), 1.57 (3H, s), 1.66-2.00 (4H, m), 2.00- 2.18 (1H, m), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.56 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.36-7.45 (1H, m), 7.45-7.54 (1H, m), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.1-8.35 (1H, m), 9.8-10.1 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 741

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.06-1.17 (1H, m), 1.17-1.39 (8H, m), 1.46-1.79 (4H, m), 1.79-1.92 (1H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 2.9-4.2 (5H, m), 4.30-4.41 (2H, m), 6.27-6.59 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.9 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 9.2 Hz), 7.60-7.68 (2H, m). 1/2 Fumarate

TABLE 81

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 742

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.45 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.55-1.65 (1H, m), 1.65-1.8 (2H, m), 1.8-2.0 (2H, m), 2.25-2.35 (1H, m), 2.4-2.5 (1H, m), 2.6-2.75 (2H, m), 2.95-3.1 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.3-3.5 (1H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.97 (1H, br), 9.59 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 743

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.08-1.37 (9H, m), 1.42 (6H, s), 1.48-1.83 (5H, m), 2.74 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.94 (1H, d. J = 12.3 Hz), 3.51 (1H, br), 3.6-3.75 (1H, m), 4.73 (2H, s), 6.53 (2H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.75 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 9.0 Hz). Fumarate

TABLE 82

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 744

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94-1.09 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.34 (3H, s), 1.36-1.44 (2H, m), 1.45-1.79 (3H, m), 1.81-1.94 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (4H, m), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.4-3.5 (1H, m), 3.65-3.7 (1H, m), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 0.6, 7.6 Hz), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.13 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). — 745

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.2 (1H, m), 1.2-1.4 (8H, m), 1.45-1.75 (4H, m), 1.75-1.9 (1H, m), 2.47 (3H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 2.6-2.7 (6H, m), 6.49 (1H, s), 6.90 (1H, s), 6.99 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.8 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). 1/2 Fumarate 746

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.4 (9H, m), 1.5-1.95 (5H, m), 2.31 (3H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 2.6-5.0 (7H, m), 6.52 (2H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.9 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). 1/2 Fumarate 747

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.10 (2H, m), 1.28-1.42 (1H, m), 1.51-1.66 (7H, m), 1.70-2.00 (3H, m), 2.00-2.18 (1H, m), 2.69 (3H, s), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.2-3.3 (1H, m), 3.48 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 0.6 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.95-8.15 (1H, m), 9.95-10.1 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 748

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.08 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.32-1.43 (5H, m), 1.45- 1.78 (3H, m), 1.81-1.94 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.14 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.33-3.41 (1H, m), 3.63-3.70 (1H, m), 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 4.1, 8.4 Hz), 6.92 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J = 3.7, 5.4 Hz). — 749

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.08 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.29-1.42 (5H, m), 1.45- 1.78 (3H, m), 1.82-1.96 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.42-3.50 (1H, m), 3.64-3.71 (1H, m), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz). — 750

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.9-1.1 (2H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (5H, m), 1.45-1.8 (4H, m), 1.8-1.95 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.14 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.3-3.4 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 3.96 (3H, s), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d. J = 5.4 Hz). — 751

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (2H, m). 1.22 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (5H, m), 1.45-1.85 (4H, m), 1.85-2.0 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.96 (3H, s), 6.77-6.82 (1H, m), 7.33 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J = 0.5 Hz). — 752

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93 (1H, br), 1.16-1.33 (8H, m), 1.33-1.49 (2H, m), 1.64- 1.85 (4H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.48 (1H, br), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz). — 753

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.94-1.14 (2H, m), 1.29-1.44 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.58-2.07 (5H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.41 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 4.15-4.25 (1H, m), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 6.5, 12.6 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J = 3.8, 5.4 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.04 (1H, br), 9.81 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 754

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.38-1.57 (5H, m), 1.64 (3H, s), 1.70-2.02 (4H, m), 2.03- 2.14 (1H, m), 2.37-2.54 (1H, m), 3.55 (1H, d, J = 15.0 Hz), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.23 (1H, d, J = 15.3 Hz), 4.6-4.75 (1H, m), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 8.45-8.6 (2H, m), 8.88 (1H, br), 10.33 (1H, m), 14.95 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 755

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.19 (2H, m), 1.31-1.46 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.60-1.89 (3H, m), 1.93-2.08 (2H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.46 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.90-4.01 (1H, m), 3.95-4.08 (1H, m), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 11.0 Hz), 7.41 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.1 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.16 (1H, br), 9.78 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 83

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 756

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.02-1.17 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.31 (3H, s), 1.34-1.46 (2H, m), 1.47-1.79 (3H, m), 1.81-1.95 (1H, m), 2.45 (3H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (2H, m), 6.39 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 1.0 Hz), 6.56 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 7.7 Hz), 6.95-7.05 (1H, m), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz). — 757

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.17-1.37 (2H, m), 1.37-1.52 (4H, m), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.61- 1.73 (1H, m), 1.73-1.99 (3H, m), 2.00-2.15 (1H, m), 2.37 (3H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 4.92 (1H, br), 6.40 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.6 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.15-8.35 (1H, m), 10.0-10.2 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 758

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.01-1.19 (2H, m), 1.33-1.44 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.59-2.07 (5H, m), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz). 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 5.9, 13.5 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 2.6 Hz), 8.0-8.2 (2H, m), 9.7-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 759

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.34-1.44 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.60-2.06 (5H, m), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 3.88-4.00 (2H, m), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.75 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.93 (1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.0-8.25 (1H, m), 9.55-9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 760

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99-1.27 (5H, m), 1.28 (3H, s), 1.33-1.47 (2H, m), 1.48- 1.84 (5H, m), 2.77-2.90 (2H, m), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 4.01 (3H, s), 6.51 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz). — 761

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.25 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-2.05 (5H, m), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 12.3 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 8.7 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 2.2 Hz). 7.96 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 8.0-8.2 (1H, m), 9.6-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 762

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.16-1.34 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.47 (3H, s), 1.54 (3H, s), 1.66-1.89 (3H, m), 1.92-2.11 (2H, m), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.83-4.02 (1H, m), 4.20-4.38 (1H, m), 6.68 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 12.2 Hz), 6.87-7.05 (2H, m), 8.02 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.24 (1H, br), 9.7-10.0 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 763

1H-NMR (DMS0-d6) δppm: 1.27-1.47 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.61-1.96 (4H, m), 1.97- 2.09 (1H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.45 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.71-3.81 (1H, m), 4.05-4.15 (1H, m), 6.81-6.93 (2H, m), 6.98- 7.04 (1H, m), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.1- 8.3 (1 H, m), 9.8-10.0 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 764

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.18-1.48 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.62-1.93 (4H, m), 1.95- 2.13 (1H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.30 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 3.95- 4.1 (1H, m), 4.83 (1H, br), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 3.0 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J 2.1 Hz), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 14.2 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.12 (1H, br), 9.86 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 765

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.21-1.37 (2H, m), 1.37-1.47 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62- 1.90 (4H, m), 1.95-2.08 (1H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 3.95-4.1 (1H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.06 (1H, br), 9.74 (1H, br) Hydrochloride 766

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.19-1.36 (2H, m), 1.38-1.48 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62- 1.89 (4H, m), 1.93-2.06 (1H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.75-3.9 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.37 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.3 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J =0.7 Hz), 8.06 (1H, br), 9.64(1 H, br). Hydrochloride 767

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.29 (8H, m) 1.29-1.40 (2H, m), 1.48-1.80 (4H, m), 1 80-1.96 (1H, m). 2.83 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 2 9-3.85 (4H, m), 3.9-4.0 (1H, m), 6.55 (2H, s), 7.09 (1H, s), 7.13 (1H, dd J = 2.1, 8.9 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 0.6 Hz). Fumarate 768

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.1 (2H, m), 1.2-1.35 (7H, m), 1.4-1.8 (4H, m), 1.85-2.05 (1H, m), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.85-4.5 (5H, m), 6.5 (1H, s), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.0-7.4 (3H, m), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). 1/2 Fumarate

TABLE 84

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 769

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.11-1.18 (20H, m), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.26-1.36 (4H, m), 1.37- 1.49 (2H, m), 1.64-1.87 (7H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, s), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.9 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz). — 770

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.11-1.19 (19H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.23-1.31 (2H, m), 1.35 (3H, s), 1.37-1.46 (2H, m), 1.62-1.85 (6H, m), 1.95-2.04 (1H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 8.3 Hz), 8.26 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz). — 771

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.17-1.23 (21H, m), 1.25-1.33 (5H, m), 1.33-1.50 (3H, m), 1.62-1.90 (4H, m), 1.93-2.05 (3H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.50 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 6.88-6.95 (2H, m), 7.28 (1H, s), 7.41- 7.48 (1H, m). — 772

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.17 (21H, m), 1.19 (3H, s), 1.23-1.44 (5H, m), 1.58- 1.78 (6H, m), 1.78-1.93 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.5- 3.6 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.39 (1H, dd, J = 3.4, 8.3 Hz), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 3.2 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.2, 12.7 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz). — 773

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.12-1.29 (27H, m), 1.30-1.48 (2H, m), 1.62-1.82 (4H, m), 1.93-2.07 (3H, m), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.4 Hz), 7.24 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 9.4 Hz). — 774

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.09-1.16 (19H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.23-1.32 (5H, m), 1.33- 1.48 (2H, m), 1.61-1.90 (7H, m), 2.81-2.91 (2H, m), 3.49-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.63 (1H, m), 6.40 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz). — 775

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07-1.17 (19H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.23-1.35 (5H, m), 1.37- 1.49 (2H, m), 1.63-1.90 (6H, m), 1.96-2.09 (1H, m), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.38 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.48-3.54 (1H, m), 3.94-4.02 (1H, m), 6.33 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz). — 776

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.1-1.18 (19H, m), 1.18-1.22 (4H, m), 1.34 (3H, s), 1.36- 1.44 (2H, m), 1.61-1.84 (7H, m), 1.86-1.98 (1H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.6-3.65 (1H, m), 3.65- 3.75 (1H, m), 6.30 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.2 Hz), 6.86 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 12.0 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz). —

TABLE 85

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 777

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07 (1H, br), 1.16-1.33 (8H, m), 1.35-1.50 (2H, m), 1.64- 1.88 (4H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.46-3.53 (1H, m), 3.68-3.79 (1H, m), 6.71 (1H, s), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 2.0, 9.0 Hz), 7.5-7.6 (1H, m), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 9.7 (1H, br). — 778

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94-1.24 (6H, m), 1.33 (3H, s), 1.37-1.47 (2H, m), 1.63- 1.80 (3H, m), 1.88-2.02 (1H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.62-3.68 (1H, m), 3.83-3.92 (1H, m), 6.43 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.23 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 8.1 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 9.96 (1H, br). — 779

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95 (1H, br), 1.15-1.35 (8H, m), 1.35-1.52 (2H, m), 1.52- 1.90 (4H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 6.66 (1H, s), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 2.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.23 (1H, bs). — 780

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.11 (3H, m), 1.20 (3H, s), 1.28-1.44 (5H, m), 1.59- 1.79 (3H, m), 1.79-1.93 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.6- 3.7 (2H, m), 6.35 (1H, dd, J = 3.8, 8.3 Hz), 6.61 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 5.6 Hz), 6.76 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 10.7 Hz), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 8.39 (1H, br). — 781

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01 (1H, br), 1.10-1.26 (5H, m), 1.28 (3H, s), 1.31-1.48 (2H, m), 1.61-1.83 (4H, m), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.04 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 2.0 Hz), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 9.1 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.68 (1H, br). — 782

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.37 (9H, m), 1.47-1.9 (5H, m), 2.90 (2H, s), 2.95- 4.35 (4H, m), 6.27 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 3.3 Hz), 6.49 (1H, s), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 2.9 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 11.30 (1H, s). 1/2 Fumarate 783

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.81-1.37 (8H, m), 1.37-1.51 (3H, m), 1.65-1.83 (3H, m), 1.98-2.13 (1H, m), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.4-3.5 (1H, m), 3.5-3.55 (1H, m), 4.0-4.1 (1H, m), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 6.50 (1H, d, J - 3.6 Hz), 7.1-7.2 (1H, m), 8.0-8.1 (1H, m), 9.7-10.6 (1H, m). — 784

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.02-1.17 (2H, m), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.34 (3H, s), 1.36-1.45 (2H, m), 1.62-1.80 (3H, m), 1.83-1.96 (1H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.65-3.7 (1H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.28 (1H, dd, J = 3.3, 8.3 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 10.4 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 10.38 (1H, br). —

TABLE 86

Ex. No. R⁴ NMR Salt 785

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.32 (9H, m), 1.33-1.50 (2H, m), 1.64-1.88 (4H, m), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.46-3.54 (1H, m), 3.71-3.79 (1H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 6.51 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 786

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.25 (2H m), 1.25-1.4 (7H, m), 1.45-1.9 (5H, m), 2.94 (2H, s), 3.36 (3H, br), 3.66 (1H, br), 3.7-3.8 (4H, m), 6.29 (1H, d, J = 3.3 Hz), 6.54 (2H, s), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz). Fumarate 787

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.4 (9H, m), 1.5-1.8 (4H, m), 2.0-2.15 (1H, m), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.43 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.05-4.15 (1H, m), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz), 6.49 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 6.55 (2H, s), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz). Fumarate 788

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97-1.13 (2H, m), 1.33-1.44 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.58-1.67 (1H, m), 1.67-1.96 (3H, m), 1.96-2.07 (1H, m), 3.00 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.26 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 4.05-4.2 (4H, m), 6.40 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.3 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 11.8 Hz), 8.0-8.2 (1H, m), 8.38 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 9.65-9.9 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 789

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.16 (2H, m), 1.34-1.44 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.58-1.96 (4H, m), 1.98-2.09 (1H, m), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 3.95-4.08 (1H, m), 4.17 (3H, s), 6.24 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 8.0 Hz), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 11.5 Hz), 7.95- 8.2 (1H, m), 8.74 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 9.7- 10.0 (1H, m). Hydrochloride

TABLE 87

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 790

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 6ppm: 1.01-1.25 (2H, m), 1.32-1.42 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H, s), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.58-2.03 (6H, m), 2.05-2.18 (1H, m), 2.70-2.93 (5H, m), 3.24 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.45-3.57 (1H, m), 3.81-3.93 (1H, m), 6.53 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.02 (1H, br), 9.72 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 791

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.21 (2H, m), 1.28-1.41 (1H, m), 1.48 (6H, s), 1.57- 1.67 (1H, m), 1.67-2.06 (5H, m), 2.08-2.21 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.78-3.00 (4H, m), 3.22-3.42 (2H, m), 3.77-3.92 (1H, m), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 4.3, 8.6 Hz), 6.88 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 8.6 Hz), 8.01 (1H, br), 9.73 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 792

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.15 (3H, m), 1.17 (3H, s), 1.27 (3H, s), 1.3-1.45 (2H, m), 1.45-1.75 (3H, m), 1.75-1.95 (1H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.1-2.25 (1H, m), 2.52 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.85-3.05 (5H, m), 3.1-3.2 (1H, m), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz). — 793

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.11-1.24 (1H, m), 1.34-1.42 (1H, m), 1.45 (3H, s), 1.47 (3H, s), 1.59-2.03 (6H, m), 2.05-2.17 (1H, m), 2.7-2.95 (5H, m), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 3.38-3.55 (1H, m), 3.79-3.95 (1H, m), 4.28-4.11 (1H, m), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 6.94 (1H, s), 7.9-8.1 (1H, m), 9.6- 9.8 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 794

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.20-1.48 (6H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62-1.93 (4H, m), 1.96- 2.12 (1H, m), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.7-3.85 (1H, m), 3.9- 4.05 (1H, m), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.18 (1H, br), 9.94 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 795

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.25 (9H, m), 1.25-1.35 (1H, m), 1.45-1.75 (4H, m), 1.9-2.05 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.07 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.11-3.62 (3H, m), 3.63-3.71 (1H, m), 6.57 (2H, s), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.75-6.81 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 8.3 Hz). Fumarate 796

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.65-1.3 (9H, m), 1.3-1.95 (6H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.79 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 5.84-5.90 (2H, m), 6.25 (1H, dd, J = 11.6 Hz), 6.51 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz). —

TABLE 88

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 797

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01-1.13 (19H, m), 1.14-1.28 (11H, m), 1.31-1.46 (2H, m), 1.60-1.76 (4H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 6.69-6.74 (2H, m), 6.74-6.80 (2H, m). — 798

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07-1.16 (19H, m), 1.16-1.33 (11H, m), 1.33-1.47 (2H, m), 1.62-1.80 (4H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.4-3.45 (1H, m), 3.55-3.6 (1H, m), 6.25-6.35 (1H, m), 6.37 (1H , dd, J = 2.4, 7.8 Hz), 6.43 (1H, dd, J = 1.9. 8.3 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz), — 799

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.07-1.14 (19H, m), 1.14-1.29 (11H, m), 1.29-1.47 (2H, m), 1.59-1.77 (4H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.4-3.5 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 4.78-4.89 (2H, m), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 3.1, 8.8 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.22 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz). — 800

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.06-1.13 (18H, m), 1.14-1.29 (12H, m), 1.32-1.48 (2H, m), 1.48-1.76 (4H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.45-3.55 (1H, m), 6.39-6.48 (1H, m), 6.55 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.1 Hz), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 9.4, 9.4 Hz). — 801

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.11 (18H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.15-1.21 (4H, m), 1.21-1.33 (7H, m), 1.34-1.47 (2H, m), 1.47-1.77 (5H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 3.0, 8.9 Hz), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.81 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz). — 802

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.04-1.11 (18H, m), 1.11-1.22 (7H, m), 1.23 (3H, s), 1.26- 1.49 (4H, m), 1.64-1.79 (4H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.4- 3.5 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 4.73 (2H, s), 6.79-6.86 (2H, m), 7.18-7.23 (2H, m), — 803

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03-1.12 (18H, m), 1.12-1.48 (13H, m), 1.50-1.82 (5H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 2.99 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 4.77 (2H, s), 6.47 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 14.0 Hz), 6.61 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.6 Hz), 7.32 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz). — 804

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03 (18H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 1.13-1.27 (9H, m), 1.27-1.77 (6H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 4.96 (2H, s), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 6.70 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.8 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). —

TABLE 89 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 805

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.48 (11H, m), 1.54-1.87 (4H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.3-3.65 (2H, m), 6.75 (4H, bs). — 806

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14-1.49 (11H, m), 1.60-1.83 (4H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.37-3.44 (1H, m), 3.56-3.67 (1H, m), 6.16-6.23 (1H, m), 6.33 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 2.3 Hz), 6.43 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz). — 807

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.25 (2H, m), 1.25-1.4 (7H, m), 1.4-1.85 (5H, m), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.90 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 2.95-4.1 (9H, m), 4.44 (2H, s), 6.50 (2H, s), 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.8 Hz), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz). Fumarate 808

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.10-1.27 (9H, m), 1.31-1.48 (1H, m), 1.49-2.01 (6H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.4-3.55 (2H, m), 6.73 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.9 Hz), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). — 809

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.17-1.61 (12H, m), 1.62-1.83 (4H, m), 2.72 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.4-3.45 (1H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 4.56 (2H, s), 6.80-6.86 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (2H, m). — 810

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.91 (1H, br), 1.17-1.48 (10H, m), 1.56 (1H, br), 1.62-1.84 (4H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 12.0H), 3.35-3.45 (1H, m), 3.55- 3.65 (1H, m), 4.62 (2H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 6.51 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 14.0 Hz), 6.59 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz). — 811

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.02 (1H, m), 1.02-1.13 (4H, m), 1.15 (3H, s), 1.21- 1.30 (1H, m), 1.35-1.65 (5H, m), 1.69-1.83 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.32 (1H, br), 3.41-3.49 (1H, m), 4.43 (2H, d, J = 4.6 Hz), 4.88 (1H, t, J = 5.4 Hz), 6.55 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.7 Hz), 6.60 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 8.55 (1H, s). —

TABLE 90 absolute configuration

Example R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 812 —H —H —OCH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.1-1.3 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.6-1.9 (4H, m), 1.95-2.1 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.68 (3H, s), 3.7-3.9 (2H, m), 4.35-5.35 (1H, m), 6.75-6.85 (2H, m), 6.85-6.95 (2H, m), 8.09 (1H, br), 9.90 (1H, br). 813 —CH3 —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) — δppm: 0.93-1.09 (3H, m), 1.16 (3H, s), 1.23- 1.34 (4H, m), 1.34-1.44 (2H, m), 1.44-1.75 (2H, m), 1.79-1.92 (1H, m), 2.37 (3H, s), 2.41 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.83-2.91 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.51-3.57 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 7.1 Hz), 6.99-7.08 (2H, m). 814 —CH3 —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) Hydrochloride δppm: 0.78-1.13 (3H, m), 1.16 (3H, s), 1.28- 1.42 (5H, m), 1.54-1.76 (4H, m), 1.81-1.95 (1H, m), 2.34 (3H, s), 2.43 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.87-2.96 (1H, m), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.47-3.58 (1H, m), 6.88 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 7.9 Hz), 6.91-6.97 (1H, m), 7.07- 7.15 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 7.5 Hz). 815 —H —H —CH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.16-1.33 (2H, m), 1.34-1.48 (4H, m), 1.49-1.56 (3H, m), 1.61- 1.93 (4H, m), 1.97-2.11 (1H, m), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.19-3.32 (1H, m), 3.68- 3.80 (1H, m), 3.87-3.99 (1H, m), 4.35-6.4 (1H, m), 6.83 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.02 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.0-8.35 (1H, m), 9.8-10.2 (1H, m). 816 —CH3 —CH3 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 0.96-1.18 (2H, m), 1.28-1.45 (4H, m), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.56-1.67 (1H, m), 1.67-1.83 (2H, m), 1.83- 2.10 (2H, m), 2.20 (3H, s), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.59 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.0- 3.15 (1H, m), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.8-3.95 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 8.02 (1H, br), 9.65-9.9 (1H, m). 817 —H —CH3 —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.21-1.49 (6H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.63- 1.96 (4H, m), 1.96-2.16 (1H, m), 2.26 (3H, s), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 3.95- 4.05 (1H, m), 4.43 (1H, br), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.8 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.1-8.4 (1H, m), 9.8-10.2(1H, m). 818 —H —CH3 —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.16-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.48 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62-1.95 (4H, m), 1.95-2.14 (1H, m), 2.18 (3H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.21 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 3.85-4.0 (1H, m), 4.05-5.8 (1H, m), 6.71- 6.81 (1H, m), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 6.6 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 9.1 Hz), 8.05-8.3 (1H, m), 9.85- 10.2 (1H, m). 819 —CH3 —F —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 0.98-1.20 (2H, m), 1.3-1.43 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.56-1.69 (1H, m), 1.69-1.87 (2H, m), 1.87- 2.08 (2H, m), 2.20 (3H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.15-3.25 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.8-4.0 (1H, m), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.89 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 7.9, 15.2 Hz), 8.08 (1H, br), 9.7-10.0 (1H, m). 820 —H —F —CH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Fumarate δppm: 1.14-1.41 (9H, m), 1.50-1.90 (5H, m), 2.09 (3H, d, J = 0.8 Hz), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.19 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.52 (2H, s), 6.60-6.71 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz). 821 —H —Cl —CH3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Fumarate δppm: 1.15-1.40 (9H, m), 1.5-1.9 (5H, m), 2.19 (3H, d, J = 0.8 Hz), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.18 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (1H, m), 3.8-3.9 (1H, m), 6.54 (2H, s), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.5 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz). 822 —H —Cl —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.12-1.21 (4H, m), 1.2. 2 (3H, s), 1.24- 1.37 (2H, m), 1.45-1.77 (4H, m), 1.77-1.92 (1H, m), 2.72 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.18 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.40 (1H, brs), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, s), 6.67 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 7.7 Hz), 6.8-6.9 (2H, m), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz). 823 —CH3 —OCH3 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.0-1.17 (2H, m), 1.29-1.43 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.56-2.05 (5H, m), 2.12 (3H, s), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.05-3.2 (1H, m), 3.3-3.4 (1H, m), 3.76 (3H, s), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz), 7.99 (1H, br), 9.5-9.8 (1H, m). 824 —H —H —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.21-1.36 (2H, m), 1.36-1.46 (4H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.63-1.92 (4H, m), 1.93-2.09 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.33 (1H, d, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.5-4.4 (2H, m), 6.84-7.26 (5H, m), 8.13 (1H, br), 9.84 (1H, br). 825 —H —H —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.26-1.48 (6H, m), 1.50 (3H, s), 1.63- 1.92 (4H, m), 1.92-2.06 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.44 (1H, d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.72-3.83 (1H, m), 3.98-4.09 (1H, m), 6.96-7.07 (2H, m), 7.15- 7.27 (2H, m), 8.08 (1H, br), 9.67 (1H, br). 826 —H —Cl —CN —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.10 (3H, s), 1.15-1.25 (4H, m), 1.25- 1.45 (2H, m), 1.45-1.75 (4H, m), 1.85-2.0 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 2.9-3.85 (4H, m), 3.85-3.95 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, s), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.1 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). 827 —H —F —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.28-1.46 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.63- 2.10 (5H, m), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.54 (1H, d, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.65-3.8 (1H, m), 4.0-4.15 (1H, m), 6.81 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.2 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.4 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 9.2, 9.2 Hz), 8.22 (1H, br), 9.89 (1H, br). 828 —H —F —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.09-1.37 (9H, m), 1.44-1.73 (4H, m), 1.75-1.90 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.0- 3.7 (4H, m), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.52 (1H, m), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 2.1, 9.3 Hz), 6.80-7.22 (3H, m) 829 —H —Cl —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.08-1.37 (9H, m), 1.43-1.59 (1H, m), 1.59-1.74 (3H, m), 1.75- 1.90 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.8-4.2 (5H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 6.82-7.25 (4H, m). 830 —H —OCHF2 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.13-1.41 (9H, m), 1.46-1.93 (5H, m), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.8-4.4 (6H, m), 6.46 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.54 (2H, s), 6.62 (1H, s), 6.76 (1H, dd, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.0-7.4 (2H, m). 831 —H —OCHF2 —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.02-1.36 (9H, m), 1.44-1.59 (1H, m), 1.59-1.74 (3H, m), 1.74- 1.87 (1H, m), 2.65-4.5 (6H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 6.7-6.8 (2H, m), 7.0-7.4 (2H, m). 832 —H —OCHF2 —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.10-1.38 (9H, m), 1.44-1.74 (4H, m), 1.76-1.91 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.75-4.2 (5H, m), 6.53 (1H, s), 6.75-6.85 (2H, m), 7.05-7.45 (2H, m). 833 —H —CN —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.06-1.23 (7H, m), 1.23-1.37 (2H, m), 1.43-1.74 (4H, m), 1.75- 1.89 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.9-3.75 (4H, m), 3.75-3.85 (1H, m), 6.53 (1H, s), 7.00- 7.41 (4H, m). 834 —H —OCHF2 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.1-1.4 (9H, m), 1.44-1.76 (4H, m), 1.76- 1.90 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.8-4.25 (5H, m), 6.52 (1H, s), 6.71-7.36 (5H, m). 835 —H —F —OCHF2 —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.08-1.23 (7H, m), 1.24-1.40 (2H, m), 1.43-1.73 (4H, m), 1.76- 1.91 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.8-4.2 (5H, m), 6.53 (1H, s), 6.67-6.77 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, t, J = 72.9 Hz). 836 —H —H —OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 2 Hydrochloride δppm: 1.13-1.31 (2H, m), 1.32-1.47 (4H, m), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.61-1.90 (4H m), 1.97-2.12 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.15 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.69-3.81 (1H, m), 3.83-3.93 (1H, m), 4.10-4.46 (3H, m), 6.12- 6.53 (1H, m), 6.90 (4H, s), 8.0-8.25 (1H, m), 9.9-10.1 (1H, m). 837 —H —F —OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) Hydrochloride δppm: 1.20-1.46 (6H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.63- 1.91 (4H m), 1.93-2.10 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.67-3.80 (1H, m), 3.89-4.01 (1H, m), 4.20-4.35 (2H, m), 6.18- 6.51 (1H, m), 6.68 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 9.1 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 14.7 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 9.5 Hz), 8.05-8.2 (1H, m), 9.75-9.95 (1H, m). 838 —H —CH3 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.06-1.15 (1H, m), 1.15-1.38 (8H, m), 1.42-1.88 (5H, m), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.1-3.9 (4H, m), 6.50 (1H, s), 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.9 Hz), 6.75-7.16 (3H, m). 839 —H —OCH3 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 1/2 Fumarate δppm: 1.10-1.39 (9H, m), 1.45-1.90 (5H, m), 2.72 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.95-4.1 (8H, m), 6.40 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.9 Hz), 6.50 (1H, s), 6.57 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 6.63-7.03 (2H, m). 840 —OCHF2 —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) — δppm: 0.94-1.14 (1H, m), 1.14-1.17 (1H, m), 1.18 (3H, s), 1.26 (3H, s), 1.29-1.55 (3H, m), 1.59-1.73 (3H, m), 1.76- 1.90 (1H, m), 2.49 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.5-3.6 (2H, m), 6.55 (1H, dd, J = 70.2, 81.4 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 8.0 Hz), 6.93-6.99 (1H, m), 7.07- 7.18 (2H, m)

TABLE 91 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 841

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.35-1.45 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, s), 1.56 (3H, s), 1.6-2.05 (5H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.3-3.4 (1H, m), 3.65-3.75 (1H, m), 4.1-4.2 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.35-7.45 (2H, m), 7.9-8.1 (3H, m), 9.5-9.7 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 842

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.89-1.18 (5H, m), 1.25-1.74 (9H, m), 1.74-1.86 (1H, m), 2.19 (3H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 2.52 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.03-3.10 (1H, m), 3.47-3.52 (1H, m), 6.35 (1H, d, J = 3.3 Hz), 6.84-6.88 (1H, m). —

TABLE 92 relative configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 843

1H-NMR (CDCl3)δppm 1.13-1.24 (1H, m), 1.25-1.36 (2H, m), 1.60-1.83 (3H, m), 1.64 (3H, s), 1.74 (3H, s), 1.89-2.02 (1H, m), 2.32- 2.37 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.12- 3.16 (1H, m), 3.22-3.29 (1H, m), 3.36 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.19-7.22 (2H, m), 7.29-7.33 (2H, m), 9.52 (1H, brs), 9.81 (1H, brs) Hydrochloride 844

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.98 (13H, m), 1.98-2.28 (1H, br), 2.65-3.90 (4H, br), 4.18 (3H, s), 6.70-7.95 (3H, m), 8.22-8.60 (1H, br), 8.80-11.33 (3H, brm). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 93 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 845

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.03-1.17 (23H, m), 1.17-1.41 (6H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.59-1.68 (1H, m), 1.68-1.80 (3H, m), 2.32-2.40 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.78-2.85 (1H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 7.08 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.57-7.64 (2H, m). — 846

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.82-1.17 (23H, m), 1.20-1.46 (9H, m), 1.60-1.70 (1H, m), 1.70- 1.85 (3H, m), 2.35-2.45 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.77-2.86 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.09- 7.15 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.60- 7.68 (2H, m). — 847

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97-1.41 (29H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.60-1.70 (1H, m), 1.70-1.80 (3H, m), 2.35-2.43 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.78-2.87 (1H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). — 848

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.74-1.42 (29H, m), 1.44 (3H, s), 1.58-1.83 (4H, m), 2.35-2.43 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.78-2.87 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 5.19-5.27 (2H, m), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 2.2, 9.1 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.16 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 849

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.19 (23H, m), 1.19-1.42 (6H, m), 1.44 (3H, s), 1.57-1.78 (4H, m), 2.32-2.41 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.77-2.86 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.94 (2H, d, J = 1.1 Hz), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.88 (1H, s). —

TABLE 94 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 850

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.88-1.03 (4H, m), 1.11-1.37 (6H, m), 1.45-1.68 (5H, m), 2.26-2.35 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.62-2.70 (1H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 10.9 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.7 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 9.57 (1H, brs). — 851

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.88-1.02 (4H, m), 1.10-1.37 (6H, m), 1.44-1.74 (5H, m), 2.32-2.41 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.63-2.72 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.00 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.64 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 9.63 (1H, s). — 852

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.08 (4H, m), 1.15-1.40 (6H, m), 1.51-1.73 (4H, m), 2.35-2.47 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.2 H), 2.70-2.85 (2H, m), 2.90-3.75 (1H, br), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 9.05-11.25 (1H, br). — 853

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.10 (4H, m), 1.17-1.40 (6H, m), 1.56-1.80 (4H, m), 2.49-2.60 (1H, m), 2.73-2.87 (2H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.18-3.46 (1H, br), 7.10- 7.18 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 9.95-10.75 (1H, br). — 854

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.07 (4H, m), 1.13-1.37 (6H, m), 1.47-1.70 (5H, m), 2.30-2.40 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.65-2.74 (1H, m), 2.77 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.88 (3H, s), 4.82 (1H, t, J = 5.1 Hz), 4.89 (2H, d, J = 5.1 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.1 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 855

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) ppm: 0.95-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.50 (9H, m), 1.53-1.73 (3H, m), 1.77-1.87 (1H, m), 2.58-2.70 (1H, m), 2.85 (2H, s), 2.89-3.00 (1H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.61 (2H, s), 6.46 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.22 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.79 (1H, s). (3H not found) 1/2 Fumarate

TABLE 95 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 856

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.91-1.05 (1H, m), 1.08 (3H, s), 1.12-1.62 (9H, m), 1.68-1.78 (2H, m), 2.42-2.50 (1H, m), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.91-3.00 (1H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.43-7.54 (2H, m), 8.21-8.26 (1H, m), 8.50-8.54 (1H, m). — 857

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.22 (2H, m), 1.26-1.44 (5H, m), 1.44-1.54 (1H, m), 1.56-1.77 (5H, m), 1.99-2.08 (1H, m), 2.62 (3H, s), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.98-3.08 (2H, m), 3.33-3.50 (1H, m), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.54-7.61 (2H, m), 7.97-8.03 (1H, m), 8.43-8.52 (1H, m), 9.10-9.25 (1H, br), 9.62-9.77 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 858

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.30 (2H, m), 1.30-1.45 (4H, m), 1.45-1.62 (2H, m), 1.62-1.81 (5H, m), 2.00-2.13 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.05-3.20 (2H, m), 3.41- 3.57 (1H, m), 3.75-4.30 (1H, br), 7.61-7.77 (5H, m), 7.98-8.05 (1H, m), 8.54-8.61 (1H, m), 8.77-8.88 (2H, m), 9.19-9.35 (1H, m), 9.669.81 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 859

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.45 (6H, m), 1.53-1.80 (7H, m), 1.97-2.12 (1H, m), 2.83-3.40 (4H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 7.05-7.25 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.42-7.68 (1H, br), 7.75-7.87 (2H, m), 8.25-9.55 (2H, br), 9.55-10.02 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 860

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.00 (1H, m), 1.10-1.70 (12H, m), 1.75-1.86 (1H, m), 2.65-2.80 (3H, m), 2.99-3.10 (1H, m), 3.25- 3.43 (4H, m), 6.46 (1H, s), 7.20-7.34 (3H, m), 7.45 (1H, dd, J = 7.0, 8.2 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.07-9.40 (1H, br). 1/2 Fumarate 861

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.04-1.43 (6H, m), 1.54-1.80 (7H, m), 1.97-2.10 (1H, m), 2.86-3.07 (2H, m), 3.07-3.30 (2H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.66 (1H, brs), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.11-8.95 (1H, br), 9.08-9.35 (1H, m), 9.60-9.86 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 862

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.84-0.97 (1H, br), 1.03-1.17 (4H, m), 1.22-1.46 (6H, m), 1.61- 1.74 (1H, m), 1.74-1.88 (3H, m), 2.45-2.55 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.82-2.90 (1H, m), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 7.38-7.43 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.4 Hz), 7.77- 7.86 (2H, m), 8.12 (1H, s). — 863

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.43 (6H, m), 1.54-1.80 (7H, m), 1.98-2.10 (1H, m), 2.90-3.32 (4H, m), 3.95 (3H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.24-7.36 (1H, br), 7.38-7.49 (2H, m), 7.50-7.68 (1H, br), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 9.00-9.45 (1H, br), 9.55-9.98 (1H, br), 10.50-12.10 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 864

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.47 (6H, m), 1.54-1.80 (7H, m), 2.01-2.14 (1H, m), 2.95-3.37 (4H, m), 4.00 (3H, s), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.73 (1H, brs), 7.95 (2H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 9.39 (1H, brs), 9.90 (1H, brs), 11.80 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 865

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.03-1.44 (6H, m), 1.53-1.79 (7H, m), 1.97-2.09 (1H, m), 2.92-3.06 (2H, m), 3.06-3.16 (1H, m), 3.16- 3.30 (1H, m), 6.24-7.14 (1H, m), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.49 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.64 (1H, brs), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.10-9.39 (1H, brs), 9.63-9.87 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 866

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.19 (5H, m), 1.24-1.43 (3H, m), 1.45 (3H, s), 1.64-1.73 (1H, m), 1.73-1.82 (2H, m), 1.90-2.00 (1H, m), 2.45-2.54 (1H, m), 2.72 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.83-2.92 (1H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 7.26 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.37-7.47 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, brs), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.94-7.99 (2H, m), 8.30 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, s). — 867

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.45 (6H, m), 1.53-1.80 (7H, m), 1.97-2.10 (1H, m), 2.94-3.09 (2H, m), 3.09-3.18 (1H, m), 3.18- 3.31 (1H, m), 4.00-4.62 (1H, br), 7.16 (0.25H, s), 7.32-7.40 (2.5H, m), 7.53 (0.25H, s), 7.61- 7.72 (2H, m), 7.90 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz).9.10-9.45 (1H, br), 9.61- 9.90 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 868

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.47 (6H, m), 1.55-1.80 (7H, m), 1.99-2.10 (1H, m), 2.41-3.05 (2H, m), 3.05-3.16 (1H, m), 3.16- 3.30 (1H, m), 3.75-4.60 (4H, m), 7.45 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.57 (1H, s), 7.67 (1H, s), 7.90 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.48 (1H, s), 9.10- 9.40 (1H, br), 9.61-9.90 (1H, br). 3 Hydrochloride 869

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.45 (6H, m), 1.54-1.80 (7H, m), 1.96-2.07 (1H, m), 2.93-3.04 (1H, m), 3.04-3.16 (2H, m), 3.18- 3.32 1H, m), 4.23-4.51 (1H, br), 7.46-7.50 (1H, m), 7.58-7.67 (3H, m), 7.97-8.04 (1H, m), 8.08-8.14 (1H, m), 9.03-9.25 (1H, br), 9.51- 9.75 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 870

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.08-1.45 (6H, m), 1.52-1.80 (7H, m), 1.99-2.10 (1H, m), 2.96-3.17 (3H, m), 3.17-3.30 (1H, m), 4.45- 4.55 (1H, br), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 12.3 Hz), 7.48 (1H, s), 7.51-7.64 (2H, m), 7.98 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 9.15-9.36 (1H, br), 9.70-9.90 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 871

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.15 (4H, m), 1.15-1.52 (7H, m), 1.57-1.68 (1H, m), 1.68- 1.79 (3H, m), 2.34-2.42 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.77-2.86 (1H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 4.28 (2H, dt, J = 4.1, 13.1 Hz), 6.15 (1H, tt, J = 4.1, 55.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.9 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.63-7.72 (2H, m). — 872

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.15 (4H, m), 1.20-1.70 (8H, m), 1.70-1.88 (3H, m), 2.39- 2.48 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.80- 2.89 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 4.29 (2H, dt, J = 4.2, 13.1 Hz), 6.15 (1H, tt, J = 4.1, 55.2 Hz), 7.03-7.11 (2H, m), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.65- 7.74 (2H, m). — 873

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.06 (1H, m), 1.06-1.64 (17H, m), 1.64-1.74 (1H, m), 1.80-1.83 (1H, m), 2.50-2.62 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 2.86 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 2.92-3.02 (1H, m), 4.78 (2H, s), 6.48 (2H, s), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.6 Hz). 9.37-11.61 (1H, br). Fumarate

TABLE 96 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 874

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.96-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.25 (1H, m), 1.26-1.41 (4H, m), 1.47-1.78 (7H, m), 1.94-2.05 (1H, m), 2.56 (3H, s), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.90-3.02 (2H, m), 3.23-3.35 (1H, m), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.22-7.33 (2H, m), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 8.91-9.09 (1H, brm), 9.54-9.70 (1H, brm). Hydrochloride 875

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm (80° C.): 1.03- 1.46 (6H, m), 1.51-1.78 (7H, m), 2.01-2.11 (1H, m), 2.53 (3H, s), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.97-3.08 (1H, m), 3.10-3.25 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.60- 7.68 (2H, m), 9.20 (1H, brs), 9.70 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 876

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.40 (6H, m), 1.40-1.78 (7H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.85 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.90-3.00 (1H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.28-3.44 (1H, m), 7.26 (2H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.64 (1H, dd, J = 4.0, 5.2 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 9.07 (1H, brs), 9.64 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 877

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97-1.45 (6H, m), 1.45-1.80 (7H, m), 1.94-2.09 (1H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J =12.5 Hz), 2.93-3.05 (2H, m), 3.26- 3.45 (1H, m), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 9.06 (1H, brs), 9.59 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 878

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.79 (13H, m), 1.35-2.06 (1H, m), 2.75-3.05 (4H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.80 (1H, brs), 9.31 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride

TABLE 97 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 879

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.41 (5H, m), 1.50-1.78 (7H, m), 1.94-2.05 (1H, m), 2.44 (3H, s), 2.75-3.09 (3H, m), 3.09-3.30 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, brs), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.19 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 9.00 (1H, brs), 9.59 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 880

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.43 (6H, m), 1.44-1.78 (7H, m), 1.90-2.07 (1H, m), 2.42 (3H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 2.75-3.30 (4H, m), 3.48- 4.50 (1H, br), 6.54 (1H, s), 7.04 (1H, brs), 7.30 (1H, brs), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 9.11 (1H, brs), 9.70 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 881

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.99-1.15 (1H, m), 1.15-1.42 (5H, m), 1.47-1.77 (7H, m), 1.93-2.05 (1H, m), 2.75-3.18 (3H, m), 3.27 (1H, brs), 7.08 (1H, brs), 7.22 (1H, brs), 8.14 (1H, s), 9.00 (1H, brs), 9.67 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 882

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.14 (5H, m), 1.14-1.40 (3H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.56-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68-1.79 (2H, m), 2.20-2.30 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.74-2.85 (2H, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 883

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.01-1.42 (6H, m), 1.49-1.68 (6H, m), 1.68-1.78 (1H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.80-2.95 (2H, m), 3.01- 3.10 (1H, m), 3.10-3.24 (1H, m), 6.50-7.80 (4H, m), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.13 (1H, brs), 9.71 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 884

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.41 (6H, m), 1.45-1.67 (6H, m), 1.67-1.77 (1H, m), 1.92-2.03 (1H, m), 2.80-2.94 (2H, m), 3.01- 3.10 (1H, m), 3.10-3.25 (1H, m), 3.65-4.00 (1H, br), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.10 (1H, brs), 9.60 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 885

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.92-1.07 (1H, m), 1.07-1.88 (13H, m), 2.60-3.01 (4H, m), 3.10-4.92 (2H, br), 6.45 (3H, s), 7.35 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.9 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz). Fumarate 886

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.12 (4H, m), 1.16-1.44 (6H, m), 1.55-1.80 (5H, m), 2.20- 2.30 (1H, m), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.75- 2.85 (2H, m), 7.04 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 11.8 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz). — 887

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.15 (4H, m), 1.15-1.39 (3H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.55-1.69 (3H, m), 1.69-1.80 (2H, m), 2.23-2.34 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.75-2.85 (2H, m), 4.01 (3H, s), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.38 (1H, s). — 888

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.99-1.42 (6H, m), 1.50-1.78 (7H, m), 1.72-2.05 (1H, m), 2.75-3.11 (3H, m), 3.16-3.40 (1H, br), 4.95- 6.80 (1H, br), 6.95-7.11 (2H, m), 7.12-7.21 (1.25H, m), 7.33 (0.5H, s), 7.51 (0.25H, s), 8.08 (1H, brs), 9.05 (1H, brs), 9.64 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 889

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99-1.12 (4H, m), 1.20-1.43 (7H, m), 1.62-1.83 (4H, m), 2.34- 2.42 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.76- 2.85 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.92 (3H, s), 6.45 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 6.80-6.83 (1H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz). — 890

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01-1.15 (4H, m), 1.20-1.45 (7H, m), 1.67-1.90 (4H, m), 2.44- 2.53 (1H, m), 2.77-2.87 (2H, m), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 11.5 Hz), 6.90-6.94 (1H, m), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz). —

TABLE 98 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 891

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.83-1.43 (26H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.55-1.91 (7H, m), 2.34-2.61 (2H, m), 2.80-3.00 (2H, m), 6.69-6.84 (3H, m), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz). — 892

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.76-1.40 (26H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.56-1.95 (7H, m), 2.36-2.64 (2H, m), 2.80-3.01 (2H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz). — 893

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.17 (23H, m), 1.17-1.40 (3H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.55-1.66 (2H, m), 1.66-1.76 (2H, m), 1.84 (3H, quint, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.27-2.38 (1H, m), 2.72 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.77-2.85 (2H, m), 6.47 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz). — 894

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.90-1.40 (26H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.59-1.80 (4H, m), 1.95-2.06 (3H, m), 2.30-2.39 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.79-2.89 (2H, m), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 1.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 0.6 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz). —

TABLE 99 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 895

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.77-0.92 (1H, m), 0.95 (3H, s), 1.08-1.35 (3H, m), 1.40 (3H, s), 1.47-1.58 (2H, m), 1.58-1.82 (3H, m), 2.27- 2.48 (2H, m), 2.60-2.85 (2H, m), 6.47 (1H, brs), 6.58-6.65 (1H, m), 6.81 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 10.9 Hz), 7.30 (1H, t, J = 2.6 Hz), 11.47 (1H, s). — 896

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.77-0.99 (4H, m), 1.08-1.90 (11H, m), 2.21-2.46 (2H, m), 2.58- 2.85 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 6.38 (1H, brs), 6.47-6.63 (2H, m), 7.13 (1H, t, J = 2.6 Hz), 11.07 (1H, s). — 897

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.91-1.08 (1H, m), 1.08-1.60 (11H, m), 1.61-1.72 (1H, m), 1.78-1.90 (1H, m), 2.60-2.71 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.90-3.05 (2H, m), 6.39 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 3.4 Hz), 6.47 (1H, s), 7.42- 7.49 (1H, m), 7.73 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.18-10.97 (2H, br), 11.59 (1H, s). 1/2 Fumarate 898

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.81-1.02 (4H, m), 1.10-1.36 (6H, n), 1.36-2.05 (5H, m), 2.25- 2.35 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.62- 2.70 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.6 Hz), 7.03 (1H, s), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 0.6 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) 11.93-12.33 (1H, br). —

TABLE 100 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 899

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.13 (5H, m), 1.25-1.45 (3H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.62-1.85 (3H, m), 2.08-2.19 (1H, m), 2.66-2.78 (2H, m), 2.85-2.94 (1H, m), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.46 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz). — 900

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.91-1.62 (11H, m), 1.62-1.84 (2H, m), 1.82-1.95 (1H, m), 2.65-2.83 (2H, m), 2.99-3.10 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 6.48 (2H, s), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.35-11.00 (2H, br) Fumarate

TABLE 101 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 901

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.86-1.01 (1H, m), 1.12-1.40 (5H, m), 1.51-1.76 (7H, m), 1.72- 2.10 (3H, m), 2.67-2.81 (2H, m), 2.81-3.00 (5H, m), 3.05-3.20 (1H, m), 6.65-7.10 (2H, m), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 9.03-9.20 (1H, m), 9.59-9.77 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 902

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.88-1.04 (1H, m), 1.15-1.41 (5H, m), 1.48-1.80 (7H, m), 1.90-2.10 (3H, m), 2.65-3.05 (7H, m), 3.05- 3.22 (1H, m), 4.90-6.25 (1H, br), 6.94 (1H, s), 7.11 (1H, s), 9.21 (1H, brs), 9.70 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 903

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.22 (2H, m), 1.22-1.43 (4H, m), 1.43-1.79 (7H, m), 1.90-2.10 (1H, m), 2.58-3.40 (6H, m), 4.52 (2H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 5.30-6.20 (1H, br), 6.50- 7.45 (3H, m), 8.65-9.38 (1H, br), 9.38-9.92 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 904

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.96-1.13 (1H, m), 1.13-1.42 (5H, m), 1.49-1.66 (6H, m), 1.66-1.77 (1H, m), 1.93-2.05 (1H, m), 2.74- 2.90 (2H, m), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.08- 3.20 (1H, m), 4.35-4.68 (1H, br), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.98-9.20 (1H, br), 9.60- 9.85 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 102 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 905

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.04 (2H, m) 1.04-1.13 (21H, m), 1.15-1.37 (6H, m), 1.38 (3H, s), 1.52-1.75 (4H, m), 2.12-2.20 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.69-2.78 (2H, m), 6.76-6.81 (2H, m), 6.92-6.97 (2H, m). 906

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.88-1.14 (23H, m), 1.16-1.37 (6H, m), 1.38 (3H, s), 1.60-1.77 (4H, m), 2.20-2.29 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.72-2.82 (2H, m), 6.60-6.65 (2H, m), 6.65-6.70 (1H, m), 7.07-7.14 (1H, m). 907

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.15 (23H, m), 1.17-1.40 (9H, m), 1.52-1.75 (4H, m), 2.10- 2.17 (1H, m), 2.55 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.70- 2.77 (2H, m), 6.69-6.74 (1H, m), 6.78-6.87 (2H, m). 908

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.81-1.38 (29H, m), 1.39 (3H, s), 1.58-1.76 (4H, m), 2.23-2.32 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.72-2.82 (2H, m), 4.79 (2H, s), 7.02-7.08 (2H, m), 7.24- 7.30 (2H, m). 909

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.35 (29H, m), 1.37 (3H, s), 1.62-1.78 (4H, m), 2.22-2.30 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.71-2.85 (2H, m), 5.30 (2H, s), 6.72 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 12.0 Hz), 6.86 (1H, J = 2.0, 8.2 Hz), 7.44 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz). 910

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.39 (32H, m), 1.53-1.75 (4H, m), 2.10-2.17 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.68-2.77 (2H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.6 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz). 911

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.09 (23H, m), 1.09-1.36 (3H, m), 1.37 (3H, s), 1.50-1.75 (4H, m), 2.11-2.19 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.67-2.77 (2H, m), 4.95 (2H, s), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.5 Hz).

TABLE 103 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 912

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.06 (1H, m), 1.09 (3H, s), 1.12-1.37 (3H, m), 1.40 (3H, s), 1.55-1.66 (2H, m), 1.66-1.78 (2H, m), 2.15- 2.25 (1H, m), 2.57-2.65 (1H, m), 2.69-2.83 (2H, m), 3.15-4.30 (2H, br), 6.72-6.79 (2H, m), 6.95-7.01 (2H, m). — 913

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.82-1.00 (4H, m), 1.09-1.35 (6H, m), 1.40-1.52 (1H, m), 1.52-1.70 (4H, m), 2.12-2.25 (1H, m), 2.45- 2.55 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 6.40-6.51 (3H, m), 7.00-7.10 (1H, m), 9.21 (1H, s). — 914

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.05 (1H, m), 1.05-1.38 (5H, m), 1.38-1.62 (6H, m), 1.64-1.74 (1H, m), 1.82-1.94 (1H, m), 2.53- 2.62 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 2.86 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 2.95-3.06 (1H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 4.45 (2H, s), 4.65-5.60 (1H, br), 6.46 (1H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.6 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.59-10.40 (1H, br). 1/2 Fumarate 915

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.82-0.99 (4H, m), 1.05-1.32 (6H, m), 1.41-1.50 (1H, m), 1.50-1.65 (3H, m), 2.05-2.14 (1H, m), 2.47 (1H, d, J = 10.8 Hz), 2.53-2.62 (2H, m), 2.95- 3.65 (1H, br), 6.67-6.72 (1H, m), 6.79-6.87 (2H, m), 8.65-10.50 (1H, m). — 916

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.10 (5H, m), 1.15-1.42 (6H, m), 1.56-2.05 (5H, m), 2.25- 2.15 (1H, m), 2.56-2.65 (1H, m), 2.72-2.84 (2H, m), 4.64 (2H, s), 7.04-7.10 (2H, m), 7.25- 7.32 (2H, m). — 917

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.44 (11H, m), 1.44-2.20 (5H, m), 2.25-2.35 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.72-2.86 (2H, m), 4.69 (2H, s), 6.75 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 12.1 Hz), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.1 Hz), 7.29 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz). — 918

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.90-1.11 (4H, m), 1.14-1.42 (6H, m), 1.53-1.77 (4H, m), 2.12- 2.21 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.67- 2.80 (2H, m), 2.81-3.38 (2H, br), 6.89-6.97 (2H, m), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 0.5.1.9 Hz). — 919

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.78-0.93 (1H, m), 0.95 (3H, s), 1.04-1.32 (6H, m), 1.37-1.66 (5H, m), 2.05-2.14 (1H, m), 2.45-2.62 (3H, m), 4.43 (2H, s), 4.65-5.20 (1H, br), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 8.81-9.28 (1H, br). —

TABLE 104 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 920 —CH3 —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.88-1.03 (1H, m), 1.10-1.25 (1H, m), 1.25- 1.40 (4H, m), 1.45-1.66 (6H, m), 1.67-1.89 (1H, m), 1.92-2.03 (1H, m), 2.26 (3H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.88-3.00 (1H, m), 3.15-3.28 (1H, m), 7.06-7.17 (2H, m), 7.19-7.26 (2H, m), 9.04 (1H, brs), 9.58 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 921 —CH3 —CH3 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.87-1.02 (1H, m), 1.10-1.24 (1H, m), 1.24- 1.40 (4H, m), 1.40-1.64 (6H, m), 1.67-1.77 (1H, m), 1.95-2.04 (1H, m), 2.21 (3H, s), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.59 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.82 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.86-2.95 (1H, m), 3.15- 3.37 (1H, m), 6.97-7.03 (2H, m), 7.07-1.15 (1H, m), 9.11 (1H, brs), 9.65 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 922 —H —F —CN —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.22-1.65 (10H, m), 1.65-1.84 (2H, m), 1.90-2.00 (1H, m), 2.10- 2.20 (1H, m), 3.38-3.61 (4H, m), 3.78 (1H, d, J = 14.5 Hz), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.9 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 13.7 Hz), 7.65 (1H, t, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.93-9.15 (1H, m), 9.51- 9.71 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 923 —H —H —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.15 (1H, m), 1.15-1.41 (5H, m), 1.50- 1.67 (6H, m), 1.67-1.77 (1H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.81-2.95 (2H, m), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.11-3.25 (1H, m), 5.42- 6.30 (1H, br), 7.20-7.27 (2H, m), 7.31-7.37 (2H, m), 9.02-9.20 (1H, brm), 9.60-9.80 (1H, brm). 2 Hydrochloride 924 —H —F —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.04-1.20 (1H, m), 1.20-1.41 (5H, m), 1.49- 1.78 (7H, m), 1.96-2.06 (1H, m), 2.85-3.11 (3H, m), 3.15-3.28 (1H, m), 5.10-6.60 (1H, br), 7.00- 7.15 (1H, m), 7.22-7.29 (1H, m), 7.47-7.54 (1H, m), 9.09 (1H, brs), 9.71 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 925 —H —H —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.98-1.11 (1H, m), 1.11-1.25 (1H, m), 1.25- 1.40 (4H, m), 1.48-1.65 (6H, m), 1.65-1.76 (1H, m), 1.92-2.03 (1H, m), 2.75-2.90 (2H, m), 2.99 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.10-3.23 (1H, m), 4.85- 5.90 (1H, br), 7.01 (0.25H, s), 7.13-7.22 (4.5H, m), 7.38 (0.25H, s), 9.06 (1H, brs), 9.63 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 926 —H —Cl —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.02-1.42 (6H,m), 1.50-1.66 (6H, m), 1.66- 1.77 (1H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.81-2.94 (2H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.10-3.23 (1H, m), 3.88-4.25 (1H, br), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, t, J = 73.3 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.05-9.22 (1H, m), 9.62- 9.80 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 927 —H —OCHF2 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.02-1.16 (1H, m), 1.16-1.41 (5H, m), 1.50- 1.67 (6H, m), 1.67-1.78 (1H, m), 1.96-2.06 (1H, m), 2.84-2.97 (2H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.11-3.25 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, s), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.1 Hz), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.27 (1H, t, J = 74.1 Hz), 7.39 (1H, t, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.30-9.30 (2H, br), 9.69-9.89 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 928 —H —OCHF2 —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.04-1.40 (6H, m), 1.50-1.69 (6H, m), 1.69- 1.79 (1H, m), 1.92-2.04 (1H, m), 2.78-2.89 (1H, m), 2.89-3.06 (2H, m), 3.15-3.27 (1H, m), 7.01- 7.08 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, t, J = 73,3 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.81-9.11 (1H, m), 9.40-9.69 (1H, m). Hydrochloride 929 —H —OCHF2 —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.40 (6H, m), 1.47-1.65 (6H, m), 1.67- 1.77 (1H. m), 1.90-2.00 (1H, m), 2.70-2.80 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.10-3.24 (1H, m), 7.02-7.11 (2.25H, m), 7.27 (0.5H, s), 7.37 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 10.5 Hz), 7.46 (0.25H, s), 8.80-9.00 (1H, br), 9.39-9.58 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 930 —H —CN —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.03-1.15 (1H, m), 1.17-1.41 (5H, m), 1.48- 1.82 (7H, m), 1.93-2.05 (1H, m), 2.82-2.91 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.08-3.25 (1H, m), 4.00-4.60 (1H, br), 7.39 (1H, t, J = 72.6 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.51 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 9.0 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 8.90-9.10 (1H, br), 9.40- 9.65 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 931 —H —F —OCHF2 —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.08-1.42 (6H, m), 1.42-1.80 (7H, m), 1.96- 2.07 (1H, m), 2.90-3.00 (1H, m), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.10 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 3.17-3.29 (1H, m), 3.55-3.85 (1H, br), 6.97-7.06 (2.25H, m), 7.19 (0.5H, s). 7.37 (0.25H, s), 8.90-9.07 (1H, br), 9.51-9.70 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 932 —H —H —OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.98-1.80 (13H, m), 1.91-2.14 (1H, m), 2.61-3.50 (4H, m), 4.20- 4.40 (2H, m), 4.61-6.20 (1H, br), 6.39 (1H, tt, J = 3.4, 54.5 Hz), 6.85-7.65 (4H, brm), 8.84-10.20 (2H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 933 —H —F —OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.09 (4H, m), 1.15- 1.44 (7H, m), 1.57-1.78 (4H, m), 2.13-2.22 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.70-2.79 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, dt, J = 4.2, 13.1 Hz), 6.08 (1H, tt, J = 4.2, 55.1 Hz), 6.77-6.83 (1H. m), 6.84-6.95 (2H, m). — 934 —H —Cl —OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.10 (4H, m), 1.15- 1.41 (7H, m), 1.53-1.77 (4H, m), 2.14-2.23 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.68-2.79 (2H, m), 4.20 (2H, dt, J = 4.2, 13.0 Hz), 6.12 (1H, tt, J = 4.2, 55.1 Hz), 6.87 (1H,d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.7 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz). — 935 —H —CH3 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.96-1.10 (1H, m), 1.12-1.40 (5H, m), 1.47- 1.63 (6H, m), 1.67-1.76 (1H, m), 1.90-2.01 (1H, m), 2.21 (3H, m), 2.70- 2.87 (2H, m), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 3.07-3.22 (1H, m), 4.40-6.50 (1H, br), 6.94 (0.25H, s), 6.97- 7.03 (1H, m), 7.03-7.08 (1H, m), 7.09-7.15 (1.5H, m), 7.31 (0.25H, s), 9.01 (1H, brs), 9.56 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 936 —H —OCH3 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.02-1.40 (6H, m), 1.50-1.79 (7H, m), 1.96- 2.06 (1H, m), 2.78-2.95 (2H, m), 2.98-3.22 (2H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 6.75 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.80- 6.93 (1.25H, m), 7.01 (0.5H. s), 7.11-7.21 (1.25H, m), 7.21-7.75 (1H, br), 9.14 (1H, brs), 9.77 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 105 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 937

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.60 (10H, m), 1.60-1.86 (2H, m), 1.95-2.15 (2H, m), 2.47 (3H, s), 3.37 (1H, d, J = 14.2 Hz), 3.41-3.66 (2H, m), 3.88 (1H, d, J = 14.2 Hz), 5.32-7.05 (1.5H, br), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.45-9.40 (1.5 H, br). Oxalate

TABLE 106 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 938

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.17 (23H, m), 1.17-1.40 (6H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.59-1.68 (1H, m), 1.68-1.80 (3H, m), 2.32-2.41 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.77-2.85 (1H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 7.08 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.57-7.64 (2H, m). — 939

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.82-1.18 (23H, m), 1.20-1.40 (6H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.59-1.70 (1H, m), 1.70-1.85 (3H, m), 2.35-2.45 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.77-2.86 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.09-7.15 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.61-7.68 (2H, m). — 940

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97-1.41 (29H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.59-1.70 (1H, m), 1.70-1.80 (3H, m), 2.34-2.44 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.78-2.87 (1H, m), 2.89 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). — 941

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm :0.75-1.42 (29H, m), 1.44 (3H, s), 1.58-1.83 (4H, m), 2.34-2.42 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.78-2.87 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 5.19-5.27 (2H, m), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 2.2, 9.1 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.16 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 942

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.18 (23H, m), 1.18-1.40 (6H, m), 1.44 (3H, s), 1.57-1.77 (4H, m), 2.33-2.41 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.77-2.85 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.94 (2H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.88 (1H, s). —

TABLE 107 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 943

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.88-1.03 (4H, m), 1.10-1.37 (6H, m), 1.45-1.68 (5H, m), 2.25-2.36 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.62-2.71 (1H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 10.9 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.7 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.57 (1H, brs). — 944

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.88-1.04 (4H, m), 1.12-1.37 (6H, m), 1.45-1.74 (5H, m), 2.32-2.41 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.63-2.72 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz). 6.97-7.04 (2H, m), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.64 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). 9.62 (1H, s). — 945

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.10 (4H, m), 1.15-1.40 (6H, m), 1.51-1.75 (4H, m), 2.35-2.48 (1H, m), 2.60-2.88 (3H, m), 2.96- 3.88 (1H, br), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.92-11.38 (1H, br). — 946

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.12 (4H, m), 1.15-1.41 (6H, m), 1.54-1.80 (4H, m), 2.48-2.60 (1H, m), 2.70-2.87 (2H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.03-4.36 (1H, br), 7.08- 7.18 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.89-11.11 (1H, br). — 947

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.05 (4H, m), 1.13-1.37 (6H, m), 1.47-1.70 (5H, m), 2.30-2.39 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.64-2.73 (1H, m), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.88 (3H, s), 4.81 (1H, t, J = 5.2 Hz), 4.88 (2H, d, J = 5.2 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 9.1 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 948

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm : 0.95-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.50 (9H, m), 1.53-1.73 (3H, m), 1.77-1.87 (1H, m), 2.58-2.70 (1H, m), 2.85 (2H, s), 2.89-3.00 (1H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4,61 (2H, s), 6.46 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.22 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.79 (1H, s). 1/2 Fumarate

TABLE 108 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 949

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.91-1.05 (1H, m), 1.08 (3H, s), 1.12-1.62 (9H, m), 1.68-1.78 (2H, m), 2.42-2.50 (1H, m), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.91-3.00 (1H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.43-7.54 (2H, m), 8.21-8.26 (1H, m), 8.50-8.54 (1H, m). — 950

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.22 (2H, m), 1.26-1.44 (5H, m), 1.44-1.54 (1H, m), 1.56-1.77 (5H, m), 1.99-2.08 (1H, m), 2.62 (3H, s), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.98-3.08 (2H, m), 3.33-3.50 (1H, m), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.54-7.61 (2H, m), 7.97-8.03 (1H, m), 8.43-8.52 (1H, m), 9.10-9.25 (1H, br), 9.62-9.77 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 951

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.30 (2H, m), 1.30-1.45 (4H, m), 1.45-1.65 (2H, m), 1.65-1.85 (5H, m), 2.00-2.13 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.05-3.20 (2H, m), 3.41- 3.57 (1H, m), 3.93-4.29 (1H, br), 7.61-7.77 (5H, m), 7.98-8.05 (1H, m), 8.55-8.61 (1H, m), 8.77-8.88 (2H, m), 9.19-9.35 (1H, m), 9.669.81 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 952

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.96-1.45 (6H, m), 1.55-1.80 (7H, m), 2.00-2.12 (1H, m), 2.85-3.40 (4H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 7.05-7.26 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.42-7.73 (1H, br), 7.73-7.90 (2H, m), 8.75-9.60 (2H, br), 9.60-10.15 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 953

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.00 (1H, m), 1.10-1.70 (12H, m), 1.75-1.87 (1H, m), 2.62-2.81 (3H, m), 2.98-3.12 (1H, m), 3.20- 3.45 (4H, m), 6.46 (1H, s), 7.15-7.35 (3H, m), 7.35-7.52 (1H, m), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.05-9.35 (1H, br). 1/2 Fumarate 954

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.45 (6H, m), 1.55-1.80 (7H, m), 1.99-2.10 (1H, m), 2.91-3.08 (2H, m), 3.08-3.30 (2H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.67 (1H, brs), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.05 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.15-9.10 (1H, br), 9.17-9.40 (1H, m), 9.69-9.89 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 955

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-0.98 (1H, br), 1.03-1.17 (4H, m), 1.22-1.47 (6H, m), 1.63- 1.74 (1H, m), 1.74-1.89 (3H, m), 2.45-2.55 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.81-2.90 (1H, m), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 7.38-7.44 (2H, m), 7.49 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.4 Hz), 7.76- 7.81 (1H, m), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s). — 956

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.12-1.45 (6H, m), 1.55-1.90 (7H, m), 2.00-2.14 (1H, m), 3.08-3.40 (4H, m), 4.52-5.08 (1H, br), 7.45 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.9 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.73 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.5 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.49 (1H, s), 9.10-9.25 (1H, br), 9.60-9.75 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 957

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.03-1.45 (6H, m), 1.50-1.80 (7H, m), 1.98-2.10 (1H, m), 2.90-3.30 (4H, m), 3.95 (3H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.23-7.34 (1H, br), 7.38-7.49 (2H, m), 7.48-7.65 (1H, br), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 9.10-9.36 (1H, br), 9.60-9.88 (1H, br), 10.00-11.50 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 958

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.48 (6H, m), 1.55-1.80 (7H, m), 1.981-2.10 (1H, m), 2.95-3.10 (2H, m ), 3.10-3.21 (1H, m), 3.21- 3.85 (1H, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 7.26 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.7 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.66 (1H, brs), 7.93 (2H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 9.20 (1H, brs), 9.72 (1H, brs), 9.89-10.70 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 959

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.43 (6H, m), 1.56-1.80 (7H, m), 1.99-2.09 (1H, m), 2.95-3.06 (2H, m), 3.11 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.17-3.30 (1H, m), 6.05-7.25 (1H, br), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.8 Hz), 7.49 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.64 (1H, brs), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 9.15-9.34 (1H, br), 9.69-9.85 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 960

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.19 (5H, m), 1.24-1.44 (3H, m), 1.41 (3H, s), 1.59-1.73 (1H, m), 1.73-1.82 (2H, m), 1.90-2.00 (1H, m), 2.45-2.54 (1H, m), 2.73 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.81-2.92 (1H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 7.26 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.0 Hz), 7.38-7.47 (2H, m), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 1.3 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 7.94-7.99 (2H, m), 8.30 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, s). — 961

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.15-1.48 (6H, m), 1.55-1.80 (7H, m), 1.95-2.09 (1H, m), 2.91-3.05 (2H, m), 3.05-3.16 (1H, m), 3.16- 3.30 (1H, m), 3.70-4.4.10 (1H, br), 7.16 (0.25H, s), 7.32-7.40 (2.5H, m), 7.53 (0.25H, s), 7.62-7.70 (2H, m), 7.90 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz).9.05-9.25 (1H, br), 9.54-9.78 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 962

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.05-1.50 (6H, m), 1.55-1.80 (7H, m), 1.97-2.10 (1H, m), 2.40-3.05 (2H, m), 3.05-3.16 (1H, m), 3.16- 3.31 (1H, m), 3.65-4.25 (4H, m), 7.44 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.56 (1H, s), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.47 (1H, s), 9.05- 9.35 (1H, br), 9.53-9.84 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 963

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.08-1.46 (6H, m), 1.54-1.80 (7H, m), 1.97-2.08 (1H, m), 2.95-3.17 (3H, m), 3.17-3.31 1H, m), 4.65- 4.45 (1H, br), 7.46-7.50 (1H, m), 7.57-7.67 (3H, m), 7.97-8.04 (1H, m), 8.07-8.15 (1H, m), 9.13-9.35 (1H, br), 9.62-9.80 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 964

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.08-1.47 (6H, m), 1.53-1.82 (7H, m), 1.98-2.09 (1H, m), 2.93-3.17 (3H, m), 3.17-3.30 (1H, m), 4.30- 4.85 (1H, br), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 12.4 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 1.3 Hz), 7.51-7.64 (2H, m), 7.97 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 9.10-9.30 (1H, br), 9.67-9.85 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 965

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.15 (4H, m), 1.17-1.52 (7H, m), 1.58-1.68 (1H, m), 1.68- 1.79 (3H, m), 2.34-2.42 (1H, m), 2.69 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.77-2.86 (1H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 4.28 (2H, dt, J = 4.1, 13.1 Hz), 6.15 (1H, tt, J = 4.1, 55.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.9 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.63-7.72 (2H, m). — 966

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.15 (4H, m), 1.20-1.70 (8H, m), 1.70-1.88 (3H, m), 2.39- 2.48 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.79- 2.88 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 4.29 (2H, dt, J = 4.2, 13.1 Hz), 6.15 (1H, tt, J = 4.1, 55.2 Hz), 7.03-7.11 (2H, m), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.6 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.65- 7.74 (2H, m). — 967

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.91-1.05 (1H, m), 1.07-1.36 (5H, m), 1.36-1.63 (12H, m), 1.63-1.74 (1H, m), 1.80-1.83 (1H, m), 2.50- 2.62 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 2.86 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 2.92-3.02 (1H, m), 4.78 (2H, s), 6.48 (2H, s), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.6 Hz). 9.52-11.33 (1H, br). Fumarate

TABLE 109 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 968

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.96-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.25 (1H, m), 1.26-1.41 (4H, m), 1.47-1.78 (7H, m), 1.94-2.05 (1H, m), 2.56 (3H, s), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.90-3.02 (2H, m), 3.23-3.35 (1H, m), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.22-7.33 (2H, m), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 8.91-9.09 (1H, brm), 9.54-9.70 (1H, brm). Hydrochloride 969

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm (80° C.): 1.03- 1.46 (6H, m), 1.50-1.79 (7H, m), 2.02-2.12 (1H, m), 2.53 (3H, s), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.02-3.12 (1H, m), 3.12-3.27 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.62- 7.68 (2H, m), 9.25 (1H, brs), 9.75 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 970

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.41 (6H, m), 1.40-1.76 (7H, m), 1.96-2.05 (1H, m), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.93-3.01 (1H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.28-3.44 (1H, m), 7.25 (2H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.64 (1H, dd, J = 4.0, 5.3 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 9.04-9.19 (1H, brm), 9.63-9.75 (1H, brm). Hydrochloride 971

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97-1.43 (6H, m), 1.45-1.78 (7H, m), 1.96-2.06 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.94-3.06 (2H, m), 3.26- 3.43 (1H, m), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 9.12 (1H, brs), 9.66 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 972

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.92-1.80 (13H, m), 1.36-2.05 (1H, m), 2.75-3.05 (4H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 6.94 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.81 (1H, brs), 9.31 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 973

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (1H, m ), 1.15-1.3 (1H, m ), 1.3-1.45 (5H, m), 1.5- 1.7 (8H, m), 1.7, 1.8 (1H, m), 1.9-2.0 (1H, m), 2.85-3.1 (3H, m), 3.2-3.4 (1H, m), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 7.2Hz), 7.42 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7Hz), 7.70-7.77 (2H, m), 8.84 (1H, br), 9.28 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 110 absolute configuration

Exam- ple. R⁴ NMR Salt 974

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.41 (5H, m), 1.50-1.78 (7H, m), 1.94-2.05 (1H, m), 2.44 (3H, s), 2.75-3.09 (3H, m), 3.09-3.30 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, brs), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.19 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 9.00 (1H, brs), 9.59 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 975

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.44 (6H, m), 1.44-1.79 (7H, m), 1.95-2.08 (1H, m), 2.42 (3H, d, J = 0.9 Hz), 2.78-3.30 (4H, m), 3.78- 4.64 (1H, br), 6.55 (1H, s), 7.04 (1H, brs), 7.32 (1H, brs), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.91- 9.35 (1H, br), 9.54-9.90 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 976

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.14 (1H, m), 1.14-1.42 (5H, m), 1.43-1.77 (7H, m), 1.93-2.03 (1H, m), 2.72-3.12 (3H, m), 3.27 (1H, brs), 7.08 (1H, brs), 7.24 (1H, brs), 8.14 (1H, s), 8.95 (1H, brs), 9.57 (1H, brs). Hydrochloride 977

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.86-1.13 (5H, m), 1.13-1.40 (3H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.57-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68-1.79 (2H, m), 2.20-2.30 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.74-2.85 (2H, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 6.61 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 978

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.02-1.42 (6H, m), 1.49-1.78 (7H, m), 1.96-2.06 (1H, m), 2.82-2.97 (2H, m), 3.04-3.25 (2H, m), 6.55- 7.25 (3H, m), 7.30 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.11-9.30 (1H, m), 9.70-9.88 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 979

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.00-1.40 (6H, m), 1.45-1.78 (7H, m), 1.95-2.05 (1H, m), 2.82-2.95 (2H, m), 3.02-3.24 (2H, m), 3.78- 4.47 (1H, br), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 9.15 (1H, brs), 9.66 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 980

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.05 (1H m), 1.12-1.84 (13H, m), 2.55-2.95 (4H, m), 3.10-4.75 (2H, br), 6.43 (3H, s), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.9 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz). Fumarate 981

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.15 (4H, m), 1.15-1.45 (6H, m), 1.48-1.80 (5H, m), 2.21- 2.30 (1H, m), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.75- 2.85 (2H, m), 7.04 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 11.8 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz). — 982

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.15 (4H, m), 1.15-1.40 (3H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.55-1.70 (3H, m), 1.70-1.80 (2H, m), 2.23-2.35 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.75-2.86 (2H, m), 4.01 (3H, s), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.38 (1H, s). — 983

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.99-1.42 (6H, m), 1.50-1.78 (7H, m), 1.72-2.05 (1H, m), 2.75-3.11 (3H, m), 3.16-3.40 (1H, br), 4.95- 6.80 (1H, br), 6.95-7.11 (2H, m), 7.12-7.21 (1.25H, m), 7.33 (0.5H, s), 7.51 (0.25H, s), 8.08 (1H, brs), 9.05 (1H, brs), 9.64 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 984

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99-1.12 (4H, m), 1.20-1.43 (7H, m), 1.62-1.83 (4H, m), 2.34- 2.42 (1H, m), 2.70 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 2.76- 2.85 (1H, m), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.92 (3H, s), 6.45 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 6.80-6.83 (1H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz). — 985

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.01-1.15 (4H, m), 1.20-1.45 (7H, m), 1.67-1.90 (4H, m), 2.44- 2.53 (1H, m), 2.77-2.87 (2H, m), 2.98 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 11.5 Hz), 6.90-6.94 (1H, m), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 0.9 Hz). —

TABLE 111 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 986

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.83-1.44 (26H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.55-1.90 (7H, m), 2.36-2.62 (2H, m), 2.80-3.00 (2H, m), 6.69-6.84 (3H, m), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz). — 987

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.80-1.38 (26H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.58-1.77 (4H, m), 2.01 (3H, sextet, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.25-2.34 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.75-2.85 (2H, m), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 9.1 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 0.5 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz). — 988

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.76-1.40 (26H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.56-1.94 (7H, m), 2.35-2.64 (2H, m), 2.79-3.01 (2H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.54 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz). — 989

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.20 (22H, m), 1.20-1.45 (3H, m), 1.52 (3H, s), 1.62-1.90 (7H, m), 2.10-2.20 (1H, m), 2.57-2.68 (2H, m), 2.83-2.95 (1H, m), 3.26 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 6.55 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 5.2 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 5.2 Hz). — 990

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.17 (23H, m), 1.17-1.40 (3H, m), 1.42 (3H, s), 1.55-1.66 (2H, m), 1.66-1.76 (2H, m), 1.84 (3H, quint, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.28-2.37 (1H, m), 2.72(1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.76-2.85 (2H, m), 6.47 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz). — 991

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.89-1.40 (26H, m), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.60-1.80 (4H, m), 1.95-2.07 (3H, m), 2.30-2.40 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.80-2.90 (2H, m), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 1.6, 8.5 Hz), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 0.6 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz). —

TABLE 112 absolute configuration

Exam- ple R⁴ NMR Salt 992

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.77-0.92 (1H, m), 0.95 (3H, s), 1.09-1.35 (3H, m), 1.40 (3H, s), 1.46-1.57 (2H, m), 1.58-1.83 (3H, m), 2.29- 2.47 (2H, m), 2.60-2.85 (2H, m), 6.47 (1H, brs), 6.58-6.65 (1H, m), 6.81 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 11.0 Hz), 7.30 (1H, t, J = 2.7 Hz), 11.47 (1H, s). — 993

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.83-1.00 (4H, m), 1.08-1.34 (6H, m), 1.41-1.67 (5H, m), 2.19-2.27 (1H, m), 2.55 (1H, d, J = 10.8 Hz), 2.59-2.69 (2H, m), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.8 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 12.25 (1H, brs). — 994

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-0.99 (4H, m) 1.08-1.90 (11H, m), 2.20-2.45 (2H, m), 2.58- 2.86 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 6.38 (1H, brs), 6.47-6.66 (2H, m), 7.13 (1H, t, J = 2.5 Hz) 11.07 (1H, s). — 995

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.09 (1H, m), 1.21 (3H, s), 1.25-1.65 (7H, m), 1.69-1.79 (1H, m), 1.86-2.03 (2H, m), 2.88 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.96-3.21 (3H, m), 6.39 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 8.49 (2H, s), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.33-7.38 (1H, m), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.35-11.15 (1H, br), 11.58 (1H, s). Fumarate 996

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.10 (1H, m ), 1.10-1.23 (1H, m), 1.23-1.38 (4H, m), 1.38-1.60 (6H, m), 1.63-1.75 (1H, m ), 1.84- 1.95 (1H, m), 2.72-2.85 (2H, m ), 3.00-3.13 (2H, m), 6.38-6.43 (1H, m), 6.50 (1H, s), 7.43- 7.48 (1H, m), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.35-11.30 (2H, br), 11.61 (1H, s). 1/2 Fumarate 997

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.05 (4H, m), 1.10-1.36 (6H, m), 1.35-2.10 (5H, m), 2.25-2.35 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.62-2.70 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 1.2, 8.6 Hz), 7.02 (1H, s), 7.27 (1H, s), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) 11.93- 12.33 (1H, br). —

TABLE 113 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 998

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.72-1.19 (5H, m), 1.25-1.45 (3H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.65-1.82 (3H, m), 2.08-2.20 (1H, m), 2.65-2.80 (2H, m), 2.80- 2.95 (1H, m), 3.27 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.45 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz). — 999

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.60 (11H, m), 1.60-1.83 (2H, m), 1.83-1.95 (1H, m), 2.65- 2.83 (2H, m), 3.00-3.10 (2H, m), 3.79 (3H, s), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 6.48 (2H, s), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.77 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.35-10.85 (2H, br). Fumarate

TABLE 114 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1000

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.87-1.00 (1H, m), 1.15-1.40 (5H, m), 1.50-1.78 (7H, m), 1.90- 2.11 (3H, m), 2.65-2.80 (2H, m), 2.80-3.05 (5H, m), 3.09-3.25 (1H, m), 3.48 (1H, brs), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.90- 9.10 (1H, m), 9.40-9.64 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 1001

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.89-1.04 (1H, m), 1.20-1.40 (5H, m), 1.46-1.78 (7H, m), 1.88- 2.09 (3H, m) 2.64-3.00 (7H, m), 3.05-3.25 (1H, m), 3.25-3.50 (1H, br), 6.96 (1H, s), 7.12 (1H, s), 8.70-9.10 (1H, brs), 9.15-9.55 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1002

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.21 (2H, m), 1.22-1.43 (4H, m), 1.43-1.80 (7H, m), 1.90- 2.10 (1H, m), 2.58-3.40 (6H, m), 4.52 (2H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 5.35-6.40 (1H, br), 6.55-7.60 (3H, m), 8.60-10.20 (2H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 1003

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.98-1.13 (1H, m), 1.13-1.40 (5H, m), 1.47-1.65 (6H, m), 1.65- 1.77 (1H, m), 1.91-2.06 (1H, m), 2.74-2.90 (2H, m), 2.99 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.08-3.21 (1H, m), 4.05-5.00 (1H, br), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.94-9.20 (1H, br), 9.55-9.85 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 115 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1004

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.78-1.04 (2H, m), 1.04-1.14 (21H, m), 1.15-1.35 (6H, m), 1.38 (3H, s), 1.51-1.75 (4H, m), 2.12-2.20 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.69-2.78 (2H, m), 6.76-8.81 (2H, m), 6.92-6.97 (2H, m). — 1005

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.15 (23H, m), 1.15-1.37 (6H, m), 1.38 (3H, s), 1.60-1.77 (4H, m), 2.20-2.29 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.72-2.82 (2H, m), 6.60-6.65 (2H, m), 6.65-6.70 (1H, m), 7.07-7.13 (1H, m). — 1006

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.75-1.13 (23H, m), 1.13-1.39 (9H, m), 1.50-1.75 (4H, m), 2.08- 2.18 (1H, m), 2.55 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.69- 2.78 (2H, m), 6.68-8.74 (1H, m), 6.77-6.86 (2H, m). — 1007

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.38 (29H, m), 1.39 (3H, s), 1.58-1.76 (4H, m), 2.23-2.31 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.71-2.82 (2H, m), 4.79 (2H, s), 7.02-7.08 (2H, m), 7.22-7.31 (2H, m). — 1008

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.72-1.35 (29H, m), 1.36 (3H, s), 1.60-1.78 (4H, m), 2.21-2.30 (1H, m), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 2.71-2.84 (2H, m), 5.30 (2H, s), 6.72 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 12.0 Hz), 6.86 (1H, J = 2.0, 8.2 Hz), 7.44 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz). — 1009

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.72-1.39 (32H, m), 1.52-1.75 (4H, m), 2.08-2.18 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.67-2.77 (2H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.6 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz). — 1010

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.86-1.09 (23H, m), 1.09-1.36 (3H, m), 1.37 (3H, s), 1.50-1.75 (4H, m), 2.11-2.19 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.67-2.77 (2H, m), 4.95 (2H, s), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.5 Hz). —

TABLE 116 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1011

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.92-1.06 (1H, m), 1.09 (3H, s), 1.12-1.39 (3H, m), 1.41 (3H, s), 1.55-1.66 (2H, m), 1.66-1.79 (2H, m), 2.17- 2.25 (1H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.70- 2.83 (2H, m), 3.53-4.70 (2H, br), 6.73-6.79 (2H, m), 6.94-7.01 (2H, m). — 1012

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.82-1.00 (4H, m), 1.09-1.35 (6H, m), 1.40-1.52 (1H, m), 1.52- 1.70 (4H, m), 2.15-2.25 (1H, m), 2.44-2.55 (1H, m), 2.55-2.64 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 6.39-6.51 (3H, m), 6.99-7.09 (1H, m), 9.21 (1H, s). — 1013

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.03 (1H, m), 1.05-1.53 (10H, m), 1.53-1.62 (1H, m), 1.62-1.74 (1H, m), 1.80-1.90 (1H, m), 2.48- 2.59 (1H, m), 2.68 (1H, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.84 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.90-3.01 (1H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 4.45 (2H, s), 6.45 (1H, s), 6.86 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.6 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 8.10-10.15 (1H, br). ½ Fumarate 1014

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.83-1.00 (4H, m), 1.05-1.31 (6H, m), 1.40-1.51 (1H, m), 1.51- 1.65 (3H, m), 2.05-2.14 (1H, m), 2.47 (1H, d, J = 10.8 Hz), 2.53-2.62 (2H, m), 3.10-3.60 (1H, br), 6.67-6.73 (1H, m), 6.79-6.87 (2H, m), 9.00- 10.10 (1H, m). — 1015

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.84-1.12 (5H, m), 1.16-1.45 (6H, m), 1.59-2.14 (5H, m), 2.25- 2.35 (1H, m), 2.56-2.65 (1H, m), 2.72-2.85 (2H, m), 4.64 (2H, m), 7.07 (2H, dd, J = 1.3, 8.1 Hz), 7.29 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz). — 1016

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.44 (11H, m), 1.44-2.22 (5H, m), 2.26-2.35 (1H, m), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.72-2.87 (2H, m), 4.69 (2H, s), 6.75 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 12.0 Hz), 6.61 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.1 Hz), 7.29 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz). — 1017

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.89-1.12 (4H, m), 1.14-1.43 (6H, m), 1.53-1.77 (4H, m), 2.12- 2.21 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.67- 2.80 (2H, m), 2.80-3.30 (2H, br), 6.89-6.96 (2H, m), 7.05-7.09 (1H, m). — 1018

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.78-0.94 (1H, m), 0.95 (3H, s), 1.04-1.32 (6H, m), 1.39-1.66 (5H, m), 2.05-2.15 (1H, m), 2.45-2.62 (3H, m), 4.43 (2H, s), 4.70-5.15 (1H, br), 6.65 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 8.80-9.30 (1H, br). —

TABLE 117 absolute configuration

Example R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ NMR Salt 1019 —CH3 —H —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 0.88- 1.03 (1H, m), 1.10- 1.25 (1H, m), 1.25- 1.40 (4H, m), 1.45- 1.66 (6H, m), 1.67- 1.89 (1H, m), 1.92- 2.03 (1H, m), 2.26 (3H, m), 2.65 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.80 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.88-3.00 (1H, m), 3.15-3.28 (1H, m), 7.06-7.17 (2H, m), 7.19-7.26 (2H, m), 9.04 (1H, brs), 9.58 (1H, brs). 1020 —CH3 —CH3 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 0.89- 1.02 (1H, m), 1.09- 1.23 (1H, m), 1.24- 1.40 (4H, m), 1.40- 1.66 (6H, m), 1.67- 1.76 (1H, m), 1.93- 2.02 (1H, m), 2.21 (3H, s), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.76-2.95 (2H, m), 3.15-3.35 (1H, m), 6.97-7.03 (2H, m), 7.07-1.15 (1H, m), 9.07 (1H, brs), 9.61 (1H, brs). 1021 —H —F —CN —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- Fumarate d6) δppm: 1.21- 1.65 (10H, m), 1.65- 1.84 (2H, m), 1.90- 2.00 (1H, m), 2.10- 2.20 (1H, m), 3.38- 3.61 (3H, m), 3.78 (1H, d, J = 14.5 Hz), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.9 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 13.7 Hz), 7.65 (1H, t, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.93- 9.15 (1H, m), 9.51- 9.71 (1H, m). 1022 —H —H —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.00- 1.15 (1H, m), 1.15- 1.40 (5H, m), 1.50- 1.67 (6H, m), 1.67- 1.77 (1H, m), 1.95- 2.05 (1H, m), 2.80- 2.95 (2H, m), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.11-3.25 (1H, m), 5.15-5.32 (1H, br), 7.20-7.27 (2H, m), 7.31-7.37 (2H, m), 9.10 (1H, brs), 9.68 (1H, brm). 1023 —H —F —OCF3 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.04- 1.20 (1H, m), 1.20- 1.41 (5H, m), 1.479- 1.78 (7H, m), 1.97- 2.07 (1H, m), 2.86- 3.11 (3H, m), 3.15- 3.27 (1H, m), 4.45- 6.85 (1H, br), 7.00- 7.16 (1H, m), 7.22- 7.29 (1H, m), 7.46- 7.55 (1H, m), 9.12 (1H, brs), 9.77 (1H, brs). 1024 —H —H —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 0.98- 1.40 (6H, m), 1.49- 1.77 (7H, m), 1.95- 2.06 (1H, m), 2.76- 2.95 (2H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.10-3.23 (1H, m), 6.20-6.90 (1H, br), 7.01 (0.25H, s), 7.13-7.23 (4.5H, m), 7.38 (0.25H, s), 9.17 (1H, brs), 9.74 (1H, brm). 1025 —H —F —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.03-1.40 (6H, m), 1.50-1.67 (6H, m), 1.67-1.77 (1H, m), 1.96-2.05 (1H, m), 2.81-2.95 (2H, m), 3.02 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.10- 3.23 (1H, m), 3.88- 4.20 (1H, br), 6.96- 7.01 (1H, m), 7.02 (0.25H, s), 7.17 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 12.1 Hz), 7.20 (0.5H, s), 7.33 (1H, t, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.39 (0.25H, s), 9.08-9.22 (1H, m), 9.70-9.88 (1H, m). 1026 —H —Cl —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.02- 1.15 (1H, m), 1.15- 1.41 (5H, m), 1.50- 1.67 (6H, m), 1.67- 1.78 (1H, m), 1.93- 2.04 (1H, m), 2.78- 2.95 (2H, m), 2.95- 3.06 (1H, m), 3.10- 3.25 (1H, m), 3.50- 4.05 (1H, br), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, t, J = 73.3 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.34 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.90-9.20 (1H, br), 9.44-9.75 (1H, br). 1027 —H —OCHF2 —H —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.01- 1.15 (1H, m), 1.15- 1.42 (5H, m), 1.50- 1.68 (6H, m), 1.68- 1.78 (1H, m), 1.96- 2.06 (1H, m), 2.83- 2.96 (2H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.10-3.25 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, s), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.1 Hz), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.27 (1H, t, J = 74.1 Hz), 7.39 (1H, t, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.85-8.90 (1H, br), 9.00-9.25 (1H, br), 9.65-9.85 (1H, br). 1028 —H —OCHF2 —Cl —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.02- 1.41 (6H, m), 1.49- 1.80 (7H, m), 1.91- 2.07 (1H, m), 2.78- 2.90 (1H, m), 2.90- 3.05 (2H, m), 3.10- 3.27 (1H, m), 3.90- 4.65 (1H, br), 7.01- 7.08 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, t, J = 73.3 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.85-9.10 (1H, m), 9.39-9.70 (1H, m). 1029 —H —OCHF2 —F —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.00- 1.40 (6H, m), 1.47- 1.65 (6H, m), 1.67- 1.77 (1H, m), 1.90- 2.00 (1H, m), 2.70- 2.80 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.10-3.24 (1H, m), 7.02-7.11 (2.25H, m), 7.27 (0.5H, s), 7.37 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 10.5 Hz), 7.46 (0.25H, s), 8.80-9.00 (1H, br), 9.39-9.58 (1H, br). 1030 —H —CN —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.02- 1.15 (1H, m), 1.17- 1.40 (5H, m), 1.48- 1.81 (7H, m), 1.93- 2.07 (1H, m), 2.82- 2.91 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.08-3.25 (1H, m), 3.70-4.20 (1H, br), 7.39 (1H, t, J = 72.6 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.51 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 9.0 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 8.90-9.10 (1H, br), 9.35-9.70 (1H, br). 1031 —H —F —OCHF2 —F —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.08- 1.40 (6H, m), 1.43- 1.80 (7H, m), 1.95- 2.07 (1H, m), 2.88- 2.99 (1H, m), 3.05 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.09 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.17-3.30 (1H, m), 3.48-3.70 (1H, br), 6.97-7.06 (2.25H, m), 7.19 (0.5H, s), 7.37 (0.25H, s), 8.81-9.04 (1H, br), 9.45-9.65 (1H, br). 1032 —H —H —OCH2CHF2 −H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 0.98- 1.85 (13H, m), 1.90- 2.20 (1H, m), 2.60- 3.80 (4H, m), 4.20- 4.40 (2H, m), 4.40- 5.40 (1H, br), 6.38 (1H, tt, J = 3.4, 54.5 Hz), 6.85-7.70 (4H, brm), 8.84-10.40 (2H, br). 1033 —H —F OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) — δppm: 0.94-1.11 (4H, m), 1.14-1.41 (7H, m), 1.57-1.78 (4H, m), 2.13-2.22 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.70- 2.79 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, dt, J = 4.2, 13.1 Hz), 6.08 (1H, tt, J = 4.2, 55.1 Hz), 6.77- 6.83 (1H, m), 6.83- 6.95 (2H, m). 1034 —H Cl OCH2CHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.11 (4H, m), 1.15-1.41 (7H, m), 1.55-1.77 (4H, m), 2.14-2.23 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.68- 2.78 (2H, m), 4.20 (2H, dt, J = 4.2, 13.0 Hz), 6.12 (1H, tt, J = 4.2, 55.1 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.7 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz). 1035 —H —CH3 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 0.97- 1.10 (1H, m), 1.12- 1.40 (5H, m), 1.47- 1.63 (6H, m), 1.67- 1.76 (1H, m), 1.90- 2.01 (1H, m), 2.20 (3H, m), 2.70-2.80 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.08-3.22 (1H, m), 4.60-5.40 (1H, br), 6.94 (0.25H, s), 6.99 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.09-7.15 (1.5H, m), 7.31 (0.25H, s), 8.85-9.01 (1H, m), 9.40-9.55 (1H, m). 1036 —H —OCH3 —OCHF2 —H —H 1H-NMR (DMSO- 2 Hydrochloride d6) δppm: 1.00- 1.40 (6H, m), 1.50- 1.80 (7H, m), 1.95- 2.06 (1H, m), 2.75- 2.94 (2H, m), 2.96- 3.07 (1H, m), 3.09- 3.22 (1H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 6.08-6.65 (1H, br), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.80- 6.89 (1.25H, m), 7.01 (0.5H, s), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.19 (0.25H, s), 9.09 (1H, brs), 9.72 (1H, brs).

TABLE 118 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1037

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (3H, m), 1.4-1.55 (1H, m), 1.55-1.95 (8H, m), 1.95-2.05 (2H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.9Hz), 2.8-4.0 (5H, m), 6.55 (1H, s), 6.85-6.95 (2H, m), 7.14-7.22 (2H, m). ½ Fumarate 1038

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.4-2.1 (11H, m), 2.25-2.4 (1H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 10.9 Hz), 3.41 (1H, br), 3.45-3.58 (1H, m), 6.54 (1H, dd, J = 3.3, 8.4 Hz), 6.82 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 2.5 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 10.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 1039

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.5 (3H, m), 1.5-1.7 (2H, m), 1.7-2.3 (6H, m), 2.3-2.7 (3H, m), 3.0-3.4 (1H, m), 3.59 (2H, br), 3.73 (1H, br), 7.07 (1H, br), 7.3-7.45 (1H, m), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.64 (1H, br), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.75-10.3 (2H, m). Hydrochloride

TABLE 119 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1040

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.1-1.35 (3H, m), 1.4-1.55 (1H, m), 1.55-1.95 (8H, m), 1.95-2.05 (2H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 2.8-4.0 (5H, m), 6.55 (1H, s), 6.85-6.95 (2H, m), 7.14-7.22 (2H, m). ½ Fumarate 1041

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.4-2.1 (11H, m), 2.25-2.4 (1H, m), 3.01 (1H, d, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.40 (1H, br), 3.45-3.5 (1H, m), 3.97 (3H, s), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 1042

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.3-1.4 (1H, m), 1.4-2.1 (11H, m), 2.25-2.4 (1H, m), 3.04 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 10.9 Hz), 3.41 (1H, br), 3.45-3.58 (1H, m), 6.54 (1H, dd, J = 3.3, 8.4 Hz), 6.82 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 2.5 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 10.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz). — 1043

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.5 (3H, m), 1.5-1.7 (2H, m), 1.7-2.3 (6H, m), 2.3-2.7 (3H, m), 3.0-3.4 (1H, m), 3.59 (2H, br), 3.73 (1H, br), 7.07 (1H, br), 7.3-7.45 (1H, m), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.64 (1H, br), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.75-10.3 (2H, m). Hydrochloride

TABLE 120 relative configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1044

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.90-2.30 (10H, m), 2.36-3.40 (7H, m), 3.50-3.70 (1H, m), 7.30- 7.55 (3H, m), 7.55-7.75 (1H, m), 7.75-7.90 (3H, m), 9.75-10.40 (2H, br). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 121 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1045

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.0 (1H, m), 1.12-1.40 (2H, m), 1.42-1.83 (3H, m), 1.65-1.78 (1H, m), 1.84-1.97 (3H, m), 1.97- 2.06 (1H, m), 2.24-2.38 (2H, m), 2.39-2.49 (1H, m), 2.73-2.93 (2H, m), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.23 (1H, d, J = 12.5 Hz), 3.6 (1H, br), 7.15-7.25 (2H, m), 7.37-7.46 (2H, m), 9.37 (1H, br), 9.87 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride 1046

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (1H, m), 1.15-1.45 (3H, m), 1.45-1.95 (10H, m), 2.45- 2.7 (3H, m), 2.80 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.19 (1H, d, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.08- 7.15 (2H, m), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.63-7.71 (2H, m). — 1047

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.1 (1H, m), 1.1-1.45 (2H, m), 1.45-1.65 (3H, m), 1.65-1.8 (1H, m), 1.8-2.0 (3H, m), 2.0-2.15 (1H, m), 2.25-2.65 (3H, m), 2.85-3.35 (2H, m), 3.6-4.35 (3H, m), 6.9-7.2 (2H, m), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 9.3-10.3 (2H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 1048

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.8-1.0 (1H, m), 1.1-1.6 (5H, m), 1.6-2.0 (5H, m), 2.1-2.5 (3H, m), 2.75-2.95 (2H, m), 2.95-3.13 (1H, m), 3.17 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz ), 6.56 (4H, s), 6.99-7.14 (2H, m), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 10.7 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 11.4 (5H, br). 2 Fumarate

TABLE 122 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1049

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.05 (1H, m), 1.1-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-1.65 (3H, m), 1.65- 1.8 (1H, m), 1.8-2.0 (3H, m), 2.0-2.1 (1H, m), 2.25-2.4 (2H, m), 2.4-2.6 (1H, m), 2.75- 2.95 (2H, m), 3.0-3.1 (1H, m), 3.23 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.5-4.0 (1H, m), 7.15-7.25 (2H, m), 7.35-7.45 (2H, m), 9.3-9.6 (1H, m), 9.85-10.1 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 1050

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.1 (1H, m), 1.1-1.45 (3H, m), 1.45-1.95 (10H, m), 2.45- 2.7 (3H, m), 2.80 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.19 (1H, d, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.07- 7.15 (2H, m), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.63-7.71 (2H, m). — 1051

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.1 (1H, m), 1.1-1.4 (2H, m), 1.4-1.65 (3H, m), 1.65- 1.8 (1H, m), 1.8-2.0 (3H, m), 2.0-2.15 (1H, m), 2.25-2.65 (3H, m), 2.8-3.45 (2H, m), 3.5-4.25 (3H, m), 6.9-7.2 (2H, m), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 9.3-10.3 (2H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 1052

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.8-0.95 (1H, m), 1.1-1.4 (3H, m), 1.45-1.6 (2H, m), 1.6- 1.7 (1H, m), 1.7-1.9 (4H, m), 2.0-2.15 (1H, m), 2.15-2.3 (1H, m), 2.35-2.5 (1H, m), 2.65-2.85 (2H, m), 2.85-3.0 (1H, m), 3.13 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 6.53 (3H, s), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 10.8 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 10.3 (4H, br). 1.5 Fumarate

TABLE 123 relative configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1053

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14-1.29 (1H, m), 1.29-1.38 (1H, m), 1.38-1.58 (3H, m), 1.62- 1.86 (4H, m), 2.95-3.05 (2H, m), 3.1-3.25 (3H, m), 3.6-3.7 (1H, m), 6.74-6.82 (2H, m), 7.14-7.21 (2H, m). — 1054

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.14-1.36 (2H, m), 1.37-1.65 (3H, m), 1.65-1.77 (2H, m), 1.77- 1.91 (2H, m), 3.01-3.17 (2H, m), 3.19-3.28 (3H, m), 3.75-3.83 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.97-7.11 (3H, m), 7.23-7.30 (1H, m), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 1055

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.97-1.14 (2H, m), 1.32-1.43 (1H, m), 1.43-1.67 (2H, m), 1.68-2.03 (3H, m), 3.01-3.14 (2H, m), 3.25- 3.43 (2H, m), 3.55-3.64 (1H, m), 3.66-3.77 (1H, m), 6.55 (4H, s), 6.68 (1H, br), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 10.7 Hz), 7.22 (1H, br), 8.05 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 11.27 (5H, br). 2 Fumarate 1056

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.15 (2H, m), 1.28-1.40 (1H, m), 1.43-1.72 (3H, m), 1.94 (2H, br), 2.90-3.12 (2H, m), 3.19-3.30 (1H, m), 3.34-3.57 (2H, m), 3.70-3.87 (1H, br), 6.53 (2H, s), 7.00 (1H, br), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.5-7.65 (1H, m), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 10.5 (3H, br). Fumarate 1057

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.18 (2H, m), 1.33-1.72 (5H, m), 1.72-1.91 (1H, m), 1.92- 2.07 (1H, m), 2.82-2.92 (1H, m), 3.03-3.17 (1H, m), 3.17-3.27 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, br), 3.42-3.52 (1H, m), 3.52-3.61 (1H, m), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.21-7.28 (1H, m), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.40-7.47 (1H, m), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz). — 1058

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.26-1.42 (2H, m), 1.42-1.63 (2H, m), 1.63-1.91 (3H, m), 1.91-2.04 (1H, m), 3.01-3.18 (2H, m), 3.24- 3.42 (1H, m), 3.47-3.55 (1H, m), 3.55-3.65 (1H, m), 4.06-4.19 (1H, m), 6.95 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 9.0 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 9.00 (1H, br), 9.62 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 1059

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.9-1.15 (2H, m), 1.25-1.4 (1H, m), 1.4-1.7 (3H, m), 1.91 (2H, br), 2.82-2.92 (1H, m), 2.97-3.10 (1H, m), 3.15-3.60 (7H, m), 6.52 (2H, s), 6.94 (1H, br), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz ), 7.59 (1H, br), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz). Fumarate 1060

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.0-1.15 (2H, m), 1.28-1.40 (1H, m), 1.4-1.65 (2H, m), 1.65-1.77 (1H, m), 1.78-1.98 (2H, m), 2.95- 3.15 (2H, m), 3.15-3.25 (1H, m), 3.25-3.4 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, br), 3.7-3.8 (1H, m), 6.53 (2H, s), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.19 (1H, bs), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). Fumarate 1061

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.17-1.32 (2H, m), 1.34-1.56 (2H, m), 1.59-1.85 (3H, m), 1.86-1.96 (1H, m), 2.95-3.14 (2H, m), 3.23- 3.40 (3H, m), 3.90-3.99 (1H, m), 6.51 (2H, s), 7.13 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.9 Hz), 7.27-7.34 (2H, m), 7.66 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). Fumarate 1062

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.16-1.40 (3H, m), 1.40-1.55 (1H, m), 1.57-1.73 (2H, m), 1.73-1.87 (2H, m), 2.85-3.03 (3H, m), 3.04- 3.83 (4H, m), 3.85-3.93 (1H, m), 6.49 (1H, s), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.9 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.35-7.41 (2H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). ½ Fumarate

TABLE 124 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1063

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.23-1.43 (3H m), 1.44-1.57 (1H, m), 1.58-1.72 (1H, m), 1.74- 1.84 (1H, m), 2.08-2.27 (2H, m), 2.33-2.42 (1H, m), 2.72-2.79 (1H, m), 2.86-2.93 (1H, m), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz ); 3.14-3.25 (2H, m), 3.81-3.90 (4H, m), 4.22 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 6.97 (1H, bs), 7.02-7.09 (2H, m), 7.22-7.30 (2H, m), 7.31-7.38 (2H, m), 7.38- 7.43 (2H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 1064

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.2-1.4 (1H, m), 1.4-1.9 (3H, m), 2.0-2.5 (3H, m), 2.75-3.2 (4H, m), 3.38 (1H, br), 3.60 (1H, br), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.19 (1H, br), 6.54 (1H, br), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.82 (1H, br), 7.22-7.29 (1H, m), 7.29-7.38 (2H, m), 7.38-7.44 (2H, m), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). —

TABLE 125 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1065

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.56 (5H, m), 1.65-1.76 (2H, m), 1.76-1.90 (2H, m), 3.01- 3.18 (2H, m), 3.20-3.28 (3H, m), 3.76-3.83 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.25 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.0 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz) — 1066

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.22 (2H, m), 1.33-1.47 (1H, m), 1.47-1.70 (1H, m), 1.70-1.94 (2H, m), 1.94-2.19 (1H, m), 2.88- 3.22 (2H, m), 3.27-3.48 (2H, m), 3.59-3.78 (2H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.69 (1H, br), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.5 (1H, br), 9.00 (1H, br), 9.68 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 126 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1067

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.22-1.43 (3H m), 1.45-1.56 (1H, m), 1.58-1.72 (1H, m), 1.74- 1.84 (1H, m), 2.08-2.27 (2H, m), 2.32-2.42 (1H, m), 2.73-2.79 (1H, m), 2.86-2.93 (1H, m), 2.97 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.14-3.25 (2H, m), 3.8-3.9 (4H, m), 4.22 (1H, d, J = 13.2 Hz), 6.97 (1H, bs), 7.02-7.09 (2H, m), 7.22-7.30 (2H, m), 7.31-7.37 (2H, m), 7.37- 7.43 (2H, m), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 1068

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.0-1.2 (2H, m), 1.2-1.4 (1H, m), 1.4-1.85 (3H, m), 2.05-2.5 (3H, m), 2.65-3.15 (4H, m), 3.2-3.5 (1H, m), 3.60 (1H, br), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.05-4.4 (1H, m), 6.54 (1H, br), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.82 (1H, br), 7.22-7.29 (1H, m), 7.29-7.38 (2H, m), 7.38-7.44 (2H, m), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). —

TABLE 127 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1069

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.56 (5H, m), 1.65-1.76 (2H, m), 1.76-1.89 (2H, m), 3.00- 3.20 (2H, m), 3.20-3.28 (3H, m), 3.76-3.83 (1H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.26 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.0 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 1070

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.94-1.19 (2H, m), 1.35-1.47 (1H, m), 1.47-1.70 (1H, m), 1.70-1.91 (2H, m), 1.91-2.18 (1H, m), 3.0- 3.25 (2H, m), 3.25-3.55 (2H, m), 3.6-3.8 (2H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.69 (1H, br), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.90 (1H, br), 9.56 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 128 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1071

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.19 (19H, m), 1.19-1.41 (6H, m), 1.50-1.67 (2H, m), 1.67- 1.82 (3H, m), 2.48-2.65 (2H, m), 2.94-3.09 (2H, m), 3.09-3.25 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.28 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 11.0 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.59-7.66 (2H, m). — 1072

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.09 (1H, m), 1.14 (18H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.20-1.45 (3H, m), 1.48-1.85 (8H, m), 2.58-2.74 (2H, m), 2.90- 3.00 (1H, m), 3.00-3.08 (1H, m), 3.17-3.30 (2H, m), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.2 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.03-7.10 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). — 1073

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.09 (1H, m), 1.09-1.42 (21H, m), 1.53-1.80 (8H, m), 2.41- 2.50 (1H, m), 2.54-2.64 (1H, m), 2.95-3.10 (3H, m), 3.13-3.23 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, d, J = 0.4, 3.1 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.37-7.44 (2H, m). — 1074

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94-1.06 (1H, m), 1.05-1.25 (19H, m), 1.25-1.45 (2H, m), 1.53- 1.80 (8H, m), 2.42-2.50 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.90-3.00 (1H, m), 3.00-3.13 (2H, m), 3.16- 3.25 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.2 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.32 (1H, s), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). —

TABLE 129 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1075

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.09 (1H, m), 1.20-1.55 (4H, m), 1.55-1.63 (1H, m), 1.66- 1.86 (3H, m), 2.59-2.77 (2H, m), 2.81-3.01 (1H, m), 3.01-3.09 (1H, m), 3.18-3.30 (2H, m), 6.66- 6.71 (1H, m), 6.87 (1H, dd, J = 1.1, 7.2 Hz), 7.10-7.21 (3H, m), 8.25 (1H, brs). — 1076

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.43 (3H, m), 1.43-1.65 (3H, m), 1.65- 1.84 (2H, m), 2.42-2.53 (1H, m), 2.53-2.66 (1H, m), 2.97-3.12 (3H, m), 3.15-3.26 (1H, m), 6.51 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 2.1 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.17-7.23 (1H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.36 (1H, brs). — 1077

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.81-0.96 (1H, m), 1.06-1.35 (3H, m), 1.43-1.57 (2H, m), 1.58- 1.74 (2H, m), 2,01 (1H, brs), 2.30-2.41 (2H, m), 2.75-2.97 (4H, m), 6.31-6.37 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.25 (1H, t, J = 2.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 10.89 (1H, s). — 1078

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-0.98 (1H, m), 1.12-1.35 (3H, m), 1.48-1.73 (4H, m), 2.17 (1H, brs), 2.32-2.50 (2H, m), 2.76-3.01 (4H, m), 6.99-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.56 (1H, brs). —

TABLE 130 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1079

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.14 (1H, m), 1.20-1.45 (3H, m), 1.45-1.60 (1H, m), 1.60- 1.68 (1H, m), 1.68-1.85 (3H, m), 2.53-2.66 (2H, m), 2.95-3.10 (2H, m), 3.15-3.26 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.37-7.47 (2H, m), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.74-7.82 (3H, m). — 1080

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.12 (1H, m), 1.17-1.82 (8H, m), 2.48-2.64 (2H, m), 2.95- 3.25 (4H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 7.08-7.14 (2H, m), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.63-7.70 (2H, m). — 1081

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97-1.10 (1H, m), 1.15-1.69 (6H, m), 1.69-1.84 (2H, m), 2.45- 2.54 (1H, m), 2.54-2.63 (1H, m), 2.93-3.13 (3H, m), 3.13-3.25 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 5.27 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). — 1082

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.22 (2H, m), 1.22-1.37 (1H, m), 1.39-1.51 (1H, m), 1.51- 1.68 (2H, m), 1.68-1.78 (1H, m), 1.99-2.11 (1H, m), 2.92-3.75 (6H, brm), 4.30-5.75 (1H, br), 7.00-7.30 (2H, m), 7.30-7.52 (1H, m), 8.15 (1H, s), 9.45-10.15 (2H, brm). 2 Hydrochloride 1083

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.05 (1H, m), 1.10-1.38 (2H, m), 1.49-1.66 (3H, m), 1.67- 1.78 (1H, m), 1.96-2.08 (1H, m), 2.94-3.10 (1H, m), 3.10-3.42 (5H, m), 3.53-4.15 (1H, br), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.21 (1H, brs), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.51 (2H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1084

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.52 (4H, m), 1.52-1.69 (2H, m), 1.69-1.81 (1H, m), 2.03- 2.22 (1H, m), 3.20-4.30 6H, m), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.25-7.70 (1H, m), 7.70-8.05 (2H, m), 8.14 (1H, s), 9.60-10.47 (2H, m). (1H not found) 2 Hydrochloride 1085

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.13 (1H, m), 1.19-1.45 (3H, m), 1.58-1.90 (5H, m), 2.52- 2.65 (2H, m), 2.95-3.25 (4H, m), 7.22 (1H, dt, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.40 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.9 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.69-7.78 (2H, m). — 1086

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.79-0.97 (1H, m), 1.05-1.56 (4H, m), 1.56-1.72 (2H, m), 1.77- 1.90 (1H, m), 2.62-2.75 (1H, m), 2.79-3.19 (5H, m), 3.19-3.70 (1H, br), 3.75 (3H, s), 6.37-6.56 (2H, m), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.30-7.14 (1H, m), 7.14-7.33 (2H, m). Fumarate 1087

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.86-1.00 (1H, m), 1.04-1.47 (4H, m), 1.47-1.57 (1H, m), 1.61- 1.71 (1H, m), 1.77-1.86 (1H, m), 2.55-2.72 (2H, m), 2.92-3.16 (4H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 5.25-6.25 (1H, br), 6.35 (1H, dd, J = 0.4, 3.0 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.6 Hz), 7.25-7.33 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). (2H not found) Oxalate 1088

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.11 (1H, m), 1.11-1.42 (3H, m), 1.53-1.82 (5H, m), 2.45-2.55 (1H, m), 2.55-2.64 (1H, m), 2.98-3.12 (3H, m), 3.15-3.25 (1H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 6.43 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 3.1 Hz), 6.98-7.03 (2H, m), 7.12-7.15 (1H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz). — 1089

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.87-1.02 (1H, m), 1.08-1.50 (4H, m), 1.50-1.60 (1H, m), 1.62- 1.72 (1H, m), 1.75-1.86 (1H, m), 2.57-2.76 (2H, m), 2.92-3.16 (4H, m), 3.20-4.38 (1H, br), 6.91 (1H, s), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.5 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz). (2H not found) Oxalate

TABLE 131 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1090

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.99-1.18 (19H, m), 1.20-1.41 (6H, m), 1.49-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68- 1.82 (3H, m), 2.49-2.64 (2H, m), 2.94-3.10 (2H, m), 3.10-3.25 (2H, m), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.28 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 11.0 Hz), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.59-7.66 (2H, m). — 1091

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93-1.10 (1H, m), 1.14 (18H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.20-1.45 (3H, m), 1.49-1.85 (8H, m), 2.58-2.74 (2H, m), 2.90- 3.00 (1H, m), 3.00-3.08 (1H, m), 3.17-3.30 (2H, m), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.2 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.03-7.10 (1H, m), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). — 1092

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.41 (21H, m), 1.53-1.80 (8H, m), 2.41- 2.50 (1H, m), 2.53-2.62 (1H, m), 2.95-3.10 (3H, m), 3.13-3.23 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, d, J = 0.4, 3.1 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.37-7.44 (2H, m). — 1093

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94-1.06 (1H, m), 1.05-1.25 (19H, m), 1.25-1.45 (2H, m), 1.53- 1.80 (8H, m), 2.42-2.50 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.90-3.00 (1H, m), 3.00-3.13 (2H, m), 3.16- 3.25 (1H, m), 6.56 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 3.2 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.32 (1H, s), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). —

TABLE 132 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1094

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.09 (1H, m), 1.18-1.55 (4H, m), 1.55-1.63 (1H, m), 1.66- 1.85 (3H, m), 2.59-2.77 (2H, m), 2.81-3.01 (1H, m), 3.01-3.09 (1H, m), 3.18-3.30 (2H, m), 6.67- 6.71 (1H, m), 6.87 (1H, dd, J = 1.1, 7.2 Hz), 7.10-7.20 (3H, m), 8.15-8.47 (1H, br). — 1095

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.10 (1H, m), 1.11-1.43 (3H, m), 1.52-1.84 (5H, m), 2.42-2.52 (1H, m), 2.54-2.64 (1H, m), 2.97-3.10 (3H, m), 3.14-3.25 (1H, m), 6.51 (1H, dd, J = 1.0, 2.1 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.17-7.23 (1H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.20 (1H, brs). — 1096

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.81-0.95 (1H, m), 1.05-1.35 (3H, m), 1.41-1.57 (2H, m), 1.58- 1.74 (2H, m), 2.05 (1H, brs), 2.30-2.41 (2H, m), 2.75-2.97 (4H, m), 6.30-6.38 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.25 (1H, t, J = 2.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 10.89 (1H, s). — 1097

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-0.99 (1H, m), 1.12-1.36 (3H, m), 1.48-1.76 (4H, m), 2.17 (1H, brs), 2.31-2.50 (2H, m), 2.76-3.01 (4H, m), 6.99-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.57 (1H, brs). —

TABLE 133 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1098

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.14 (1H, m), 1.20-1.45 (3H, m), 1.45-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68- 1.85 (3H, m), 2.53-2.66 (2H, m), 2.95-3.10 (2H, m), 3.15-3.26 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.8 Hz), 7.37-7.47 (2H, m), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.74-7.82 (3H, m). — 1099

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.12 (1H, m), 1.17-1.45 (3H, m), 1.45-1.85 (5H, m), 2.49- 2.64 (2H, m), 2.95-3.25 (4H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 7.08-7.14 (2H, m), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.63-7.70 (2H, m). — 1100

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97-1.10 (1H, m), 1.15-1.69 (6H, m), 1.69-1.84 (2H, m), 2.45- 2.54 (1H, m), 2.54-2.63 (1H, m), 2.93-3.13 (3H, m), 3.13-3.25 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 5.27 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). — 1101

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.91-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.37 (2H, m), 1.41-1.66 (3H, m), 1.66- 1.79 (1H, m), 1.06-2.09 (1H, m), 2.95-3.55 (6H, m), 3.70-4.95 (1H, br), 7.00-7.17 (1H, m), 7.17- 7.40 (2H, m), 8.08-8.19 (1H, m), 9.33-9.90 (2H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 1102

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.92-1.09 (1H, m), 1.10-1.39 (2H, m), 1.47-1.68 (3H, m), 1.68- 1.78 (1H, m), 1.99-2.09 (1H, m), 2.94-3.14 (1H, br), 3.14-3.50 (5H, brm), 4.05-5.03 (1H, br), 7.08-7.19 (1H, m), 7.25-7.36 (1H, m), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 9.70 (2H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1103

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.12-1.51 (4H, m), 1.53-1.68 (2H, m), 1.69-1.79 (1H, m), 2.07- 2.19 (1H, m), 3.20-4.27 6H, m), 7.04 (1H, s), 7.30-7.65 (1H, m), 7.65-8.05 (2H, m), 8.13 (1H, s), 9.65-10.40 (2H, m). (1H not found) 2 Hydrochloride 1104

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.00-1.13 (1H, m), 1.18-1.45 (3H, m), 1.58-1.90 (5H, m), 2.52- 2.65 (2H, m), 2.95-3.11 (2H, m), 3.11-3.25 (2H, m), 7.22 (1H, dt, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.8 Hz), 7.40 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.9 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.69-7.78 (2H, m). — 1105

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.80-0.96 (1H, m), 1.05-1.56 (4H, m), 1.56-1.72 (2H, m), 1.77- 1.90 (1H, m), 2.62-2.75 (1H, m), 2.77-2.90 (1H, m), 2.90-3.19 (4H, m), 3.19-3.70 (1H, br), 3.75 (3H, s), 6.37-6.54 (2H, m), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.30-7.14 (1H, m), 7.14-7.31 (2H, m). Fumarate 1106

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.86-1.00 (1H, m), 1.04-1.47 (4H, m), 1.47-1.57 (1H, m), 1.61- 1.70 (1H, m), 1.77-1.87 (1H, m), 2.55-2.72 (2H, m), 2.90-3.16 (4H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 5.25-6.25 (1H, br), 6.35 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.6 Hz), 7.25-7.33 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). (2H not found) Oxalate 1107

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.44 (3H, m), 1.48-1.82 (5H, m), 2.45- 2.55 (1H, m), 2.55-2.64 (1H, m), 2.98-3.12 (3H, m), 3.15-3.25 (1H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 6.43 (1H, dd, J = 0.8, 3.1 Hz), 6.98-7.03 (2H, m), 7.12- 7.15 (1H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz). — 1108

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.87-1.02 (1H, m), 1.08-1.50 (4H, m), 1.50-1.60 (1H, m), 1.62- 1.72 (1H, m), 1.75-1.86 (1H, m), 2.54-2.76 (2H, m), 2.92-3.17 (4H, m), 3.20-5.40 (1H, br), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.6 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz). (2H not found) Oxalate

TABLE 134 relative configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1109

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.22-1.52 (6H, m), 1.56-1.97 (4H, m), 2.00-2.18 (1H, m), 2.75- 2.95 (1H, m), 3.20-3.40 (1H, m), 3.40-3.60 (2H, m), 3.96-4.10 (1H, m), 4.20-4.57 (1H, br), 6.91-7.01 (2H, m), 7.19-7.31 (2H, m), 8.69 (1H, brs), 10.11 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1110

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 1.15-1.33 (6H, m), 1.48-1.58 (2H, m), 1.66-1.85 (4H, m), 2.68 (1H, t, J = 11.8 Hz), 3.02-3.12 (1H, m), 3.23 (1H, dd, J = 3.3, 11.4 Hz), 3.29-3.24 (1H, m), 3.76 (1H, td, J = 3.3, 11.4 Hz), 3.88 (3H, s), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.02-7.30 (2H, m), 7.22-7.29 (1H, m), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz). — 1111

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.17-1.36 (2H, m), 1.36-1.51 (4H, m), 1.62-2.0. 0 (4H, m), 2.06- 2.17 (1H, m), 2.94-3.05 (1H, m), 3.30-3.50 (1H, m), 3.50-3.64 (2H, m), 4.04-4.13 (1H, m), 4.59- 5.50 (1H, br), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.38 (1H, brs), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz), 8.68 (1H, brs), 10.12 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1112

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.99-1.17 (2H, m), 1.30-1.49 (4H, m), 1.55-1.75 (2H, m), 1.75-1.98 (2H, m), 1.98-2.13 (1H, m), 3.12- 3.28 (2H, m), 3.28-3.50 (1H, m), 3.87-3.85 (2H, m), 6.67 (1H, dd, J = 3.4, 8.6 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 10.7 Hz), 7.28 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 2.6 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). 8.43 (1H, br), 9.94 (1H, br). Hydrochloride 1113

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.03-1.21 (2H, m), 1.37-1.48 (4H, m), 1.58-1.85 (3H, m), 1.95-2.14 (2H, m), 3.23 (1H, d, J = 10.6 Hz), 3.36-3.55 (2H, m), 3.64-3.76 (1H, m), 3.85- 3.96 (1H, m), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.57-7.62 (1H, m), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.35-8.6 (1H, m), 9.82 (1H, br). Hydrochloride

TABLE 134 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1114

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.10 (4H, m), 1.13 (18H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.19-1.47 (7H, m), 1.59-1.67 (1H, m), 1.70-1.84 (3H, m), 2.45- 2.53 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J = 10.3, 11.0 Hz), 2.62-2.70 (1H, m), 3.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.16-3.24 (1H, m), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.59- 7.65 (2H, m). — 1115

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94-1.12 (4H, m), 1.15-1.46 (4H, m), 1.57-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68- 1.85 (11H, m), 2.42-2.51 (1H, m), 2.59-2.70 (2H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.15- 3.25 (1H, m), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.6 Hz), 7.30-7.37 (1H, m), 7.42-7.49 (1H, m), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 8.21 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.29 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). —

TABLE 135 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1116

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-0.99 (4H, m), 1.13-1.35 (3H, m), 1.49-1.75 (4H, m), 1.99 (1H, brs), 2.32-2.50 (3H, m), 2.92-3.02 (2H, m), 7.00-7.09 (2H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.66 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.56 (1H, brs). — 1117

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.57 (7H, m), 1.57-1.71 (2H, m), 1.71-1.82 (1H, m), 2.11- 2.22 (1H, m), 3.00-3.40 (6H, m), 7.22 (1H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.35-7.85 (4H, m), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 8.37 (1H, brs), 9.96 (2H, brs), 11.61 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 136 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1118

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.11 (4H, m), 1.17-1.58 (4H, m), 1.58-1.85 (4H, m), 2.44- 2.53 (1H, m), 2.56-2.70 (2H, m), 3.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.2 Hz), 3.15-3.25 (1H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 7.08-7.16 (2H, m), 7.30 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz). — 1119

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.95-1.05 (1H, m), 1.11 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.15-1.5 (3H, m), 1.5-1.6 (1H, m), 1.65-1.75 (2H, m), 1.85-1.95 (1H, m), 2.65-2.85 (3H, m), 2.85- 4.35 (4H, m), 6.50 (1H, s), 7.33 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.4-7.5 (2H, m), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.8-7.9 (3H, m). 1/2 Fumarate 1120

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.12 (4H, m), 1.18-1.48 (4H, m), 1.58-1.69 (1H, m), 1.69- 1.85 (3H, m), 2.46-2.54 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J = 10.2, 11.0 Hz), 2.62-2.70 (1H, m), 3.10- 3.25 (2H, m), 7.22 (1H, dt, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.35 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.7 Hz), 7.40 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.9 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.68-7.77 (2H, m). —

TABLE 137 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1121

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97-1.17 (4H, m), 1.17-1.49 (4H, m), 1.53-1.89 (4H, m), 2.42- 2.55 (1H, m), 2.55-2.71 (2H, m), 3.08 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.3 Hz), 3.13-3.26 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d , J = 8.6 Hz). — 1122

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.85-1.02 (1H, m), 1.05 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.17-1.54 (4H, m), 1.54-1.63 (1H, m), 1.63-1.83 (3H, m), 2.40- 2.55 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.65-2.74 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.4 Hz), 3.15-3.26 (1H, m), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.30 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz). — 1123

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.04 (1H, m), 1.12 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.17-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.49 (1H, m), 1.50-1.62 (2H, m), 1.64- 1.74 (1H, m), 1.84-1.94 (1H, m), 2.65-2.84 (3H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 11.7 Hz), 3.21-3.34 (1H, m), 4.30-6.30 (1H, br), 6.49 (2H, s), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.4 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz). Fumarate

TABLE 138 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1124

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 0.96- 1.38 (6H, m), 1.40-1.50 (1H, m), 1.50-1.80 (3H, m), 2.06-2.17 (1H, m), 3.01-3.20 (2H, m), 3.27- 3.40 (2H, m), 3.50-3.65 (1H, m), 5.90-6.39 (1H, br), 7.05-7.22 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, brs), 8.03 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 9.64 (1H, brs), 9.81 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1125

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.00 (1H, m), 1.05-1.38 (5H, m), 1.38-1.75 (4H, m), 1.87- 2.00 (1H, m), 2.65-3.00 (3H, m), 3.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.9 Hz), 3.30-3.47 (1H, m), 6.53 (2H, s), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.14 (1H, brs), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.08 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). (3H, not found) Fumarate 1126

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.02- 1.38 (6H, m), 1.38-1.50 (1H, m), 1.50-1.79 (3H, m), 2.05-2.16 (2H, m), 3.10-3.29 (2H, m), 3.29- 3.57 (2H, br), 3.57-3.73 (1H, br), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.30-4.25 (1H, br), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.16 (1H, brs), 7.31 (1H, brs), 7.93 (1H, s), 9.72 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1127

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.03- 1.38 (6H, m), 1.40-1.79 (4H, m), 2.06-2.18 (1H, m), 2.45 (3H, s), 3.12-3.31 (2H, m), 3.31-3.56 (2H, m), 3.56-3.77 (1H, m), 5.39-6.13 (1H, br), 7.08-7.21 (2H, m), 7.21-7.40 (1H, m), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 9.79 (2H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1128

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.02- 1.39 (6H, m), 1.45-1.80 (4H, m), 2.08-2.18 (1H, m), 3.10-3.30 (2H, m), 3.32-3.55 (2H, m), 3.55- 3.74 (1H, m), 5.50-6.15 (1H, br), 7.16-7.25 (1H, m), 7.25-7.36 (2H, m), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 9.55-10.05 (2H, brm). 2 Hydrochloride 1129

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.89-1.03 (1H, m), 1.08-1.35 (5H, m), 1.35-1.60 (3H, m), 1.63- 1.73 (1H, m), 1.84-1.96 (1H, m), 2.62-2.85 (3H, m), 3.08 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.8 Hz), 3.22-3.35 (1H, m), 6.50 (2H, s), 6.91 (1H, dd, J = 0.9, 2.1 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.3 Hz), 7.36 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). (3H not found) Fumarate 1130

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.09-1.55 (7H, m), 1.55-1.80 (3H, m), 2.10-2.22 (1H, m), 3.35- 4.13 (5H, m), 4.13-5.22 (1H, br), 7.12 (1H, s), 7.60 (1H, brs), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.98 (1H, brs), 8.15 (1H, s), 10.09 (2H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1131

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.06 (1H, m), 1.15-1.38 (5H, m), 1.47-1.67 (3H, m), 1.67- 1.80 (1H, m), 1.99-2.11 (1H, m), 2.80-3.30 (4H, m), 3.40-3.60 (1H, m), 4.40-5.10 (1H, br), 7.13- 7.38 (2H, m), 8.15 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 9.05- 9.58 (1H, br), 9.70-9.95 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 139 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ NMR Salt 1132

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94-1.10 (4H, m), 1.13-1.65 (6H, m), 1.65-1.83 (2H, m), 2.37- 2.47 (1H, m), 2.55-2.69 (2H, m), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.2 Hz), 3.12-3.23 (1H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 0.7, 3.1 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.22- 7.30 (1H, m), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz). — 1133

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.05 (1H, m), 1.09-1.35 (5H, m), 1.39-1.60 (3H, m), 1.64- 1.76 (1H, m), 1.88-2.00 (1H, m), 2.68-2.79 (1H, m), 2.79-2.94 (2H, m), 3.01-3.11 (1H, m), 3.28- 3.40 (1H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 0.6, 3.1 Hz), 6.51 (2H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 1.7, 8.4 Hz), 7.18 (1H, s), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). (3H not found) Fumarate 1134

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.82-0.92 (1H, m), 0.94 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.06-1.34 (4H, m), 1.38-1.58 (2H, m), 1.59-1.75 (2H, m), 2.28- 2.37 (1H, m), 2.37-2.49 (2H, m), 2.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 10.8 Hz), 2.94-3.04 (1H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.9 Hz), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). — 1135

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.82-0.96 (1H, m), 1.01-1.35 (5H, m), 1.35-1.85 (4H, m), 1.85- 1.96 (1H, m), 2.53-3.05 (3H, m), 3.05-3.23 (1H, m), 3.23-3.40 (1H, m), 3.76 (3H, s), 6.39-6.57 (3H, m), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.09 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.17-7.28 (2H, m). (3H not found) Fumarate 1136

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.10 (1H, m), 1.10-1.35 (5H, m), 1.41-1.59 (3H, m), 1.64- 1.78 (1H, m), 1.91-2.04 (1H, m), 2.75-3.04 (3H, m), 3.11 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 12.0 Hz), 3.32-3.46 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.53 (2H, s), 7.15-7.23 (1H, m), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.6 Hz), 7.42- 7.49 (1H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.15 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz). (3H, not found) Fumarate

TABLE 140 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1137

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.88-1.08 (4H, m), 1.15-1.57 (4H, m), 1.60-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68-1.80 (2H, m), 2.31-2.39 (1H, m), 2.46 (1H, dd, J = 10.4, 11.0 Hz), 2.55-2.63 (1H, m), 3.00 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.2 Hz), 3.07-3.18 (1H, m), 7.03- 7.09 (2H, m), 7.23-7.29 (2H, m). — 1138

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.10 (4H, m), 1.20-1.46 (4H, m), 1.65-1.90 (4H, m), 2.46- 2.67 (3H, m), 3.10-3.25 (2H, m), 6.98 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.5 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) — 1139

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.89-1.03 (1H, m), 1.11 (3H , d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.17-1.34 (2H, m), 1.34-1.47 (1H, m), 1.51-1.74 (3H, m), 1.82- 1.94 (1H, m), 2.64-2.74 (2H, m), 2.74-2.84 (1H, m), 3.14 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 11.9 Hz), 3.20-3.33 (1H, m), 6.51 (2H, s), 6.97-7.04 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 11.3 Hz), 7.50 (1H, t, J = 8.7 Hz), 8.90-11.40 (2H, br). (1H not found) Fumarate 1140

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.89-1.03 (1H, m), 1.10 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.14-1.45 (3H, m), 1.48-1.62 (2H, m), 1.65-1.73 (1H, m), 1.82- 1.92 (1H, m), 2.58-2.81 (3H, m), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 11.7 Hz), 3.19-3.30 (1H, m), 6.51 (2H, s), 7.11-7.18 (1H, m), 7.31-7.41 (2H, m), 9.00- 11.60 (2H, br). (1H not found) Fumarate

TABLE 141 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1141

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.96-1.10 (4H, m), 1.13 (18H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.19-1.50 (7H, m), 1.58-1.67 (1H, m), 1.68-1.84 (3H, m), 2.45- 2.53 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J = 10.3, 11.0 Hz), 2.62-2.70 (1H, m), 3.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.15-3.24 (1H, m), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.9 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.59- 7.65 (2H, m). — 1142

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94-1.12 (4H, m), 1.15-1.46 (4H, m), 1.57-1.68 (2H, m), 1.68- 1.85 (11H, m), 2.42-2.51 (1H, m), 2.59-2.70 (2H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.15- 3.25 (1H, m), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.6 Hz), 7.30-7.37 (1H, m), 7.42-7.49 (1H, m), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 8.21 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.29 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). —

TABLE 142 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1143

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.83-1.00 (4H, m), 1.12-1.35 (3H, m), 1.48-1.75 (4H, m), 1.99 (1H, brs), 2.31-2.50 (3H, m), 2.92-3.03 (2H, m), 6.99-7.09 (2H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.66 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.57 (1H, brs). — 1144

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.10-1.57 (7H, m), 1.57-1.71 (2H, m), 1.71-1.82 (1H, m), 2.11- 2.22 (1H, m), 3.00-3.40 (6H, m), 7.22 (1H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.35-7.85 (4H, m), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 8.37 (1H, brs), 9.96 (2H, brs), 11.61 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 143 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1145

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.12 (4H, m), 1.18-1.58 (4H, m), 1.58-1.85 (4H, m), 2.45- 2.53 (1H, m), 2.56-2.70 (2H, m), 3.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.2 Hz), 3.16-3.25 (1H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 7.08-7.16 (2H, m), 7.30 (1H, dd, J = 2.01, 8.7 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz). — 1146

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.92-1.06 (1H, m), 1.11 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.16-1.51 (3H, m), 1.52-1.64 (1H, m), 1.64-1.78 (2H, m), 1.82-1.94 (1H, m), 2.65-2.85 (3H, m), 2.85- 4.2 (4H, m), 6.50 (1H, s), 7.33 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.39-7.51 (2H, m), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.80-7.89 (3H, m). 1/2 Fumarate 1147

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.12 (4H, m), 1.18-1.48 (4H, m), 1.60-1.69 (1H, m), 1.69- 1.85 (3H, m), 2.46-2.54 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J = 10.2, 11.0 Hz), 2.62-2.71 (1H, m), 3.10- 3.25 (2H, m), 7.22 (1H, dt, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 7.35 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.7 Hz), 7.40 (1H, dd, J = 2.5, 9.9 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.68-7.77 (2H, m). —

TABLE 144 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1148

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.97-1.17 (4H, m), 1.17-1.89 (8H, m), 2.41-2.50 (1H, m), 2.53- 2.69 (2H, m), 3.08 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.2 Hz), 3.13-3.22 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.5 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d , J = 8.5 Hz). — 1149

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.86-1.02 (1H, m), 1.05 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.17-1.54 (4H, m), 1.54-1.63 (1H, m), 1.63-1.83 (3H, m), 2.39- 2.55 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.65-2.74 (1H, m), 3.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.4 Hz), 3.15-3.26 (1H, m), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 0.7, 7.6 Hz), 7.30 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz). — 1150

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.04 (1H, m), 1.10-1.35 (5H, m), 1.35-1.62 (3H, m), 1.64- 1.74 (1H, m), 1.84-1.95 (1H, m), 2.65-2.84 (3H, m), 3.11 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.8 Hz), 3.21-3.35 (1H, m), 6.49 (2H, s), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.5 Hz), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.50-9.40 (1H, br). Fumarate

TABLE 145 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1151

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 0.96- 1.39 (6H, m), 1.40-1.50 (1H, m), 1.50-1.80 (3H, m), 2.05-2.15 (1H, m), 2.98-3.20 (2H, m), 3.20- 3.40 (2H, m), 3.42-3.64 (1H, m), 5.23-6.05 (1H, br), 7.05-7.21 (2H, m), 7.30 (1H, brs), 8.03 (1H, s), 9.56 (1H, brs), 9.77 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1152

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.00 (1H, m), 1.05-1.38 (5H, m), 1.38-1.75 (4H, m), 1.87- 2.00 (1H, m), 2.65-3.00 (3H, m), 3.12 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.9 Hz), 3.30-3.47 (1H, m), 6.53 (2H, s), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.14 (1H, brs), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.08 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). (3H, not found) Fumarate 1153

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.00- 1.38 (6H, m), 1.38-1.50 (1H, m), 1.50-1.79 (3H, m), 2.05-2.14 (2H, m), 3.09-3.25 (2H, m), 3.25- 3.50 (2H, br), 3.54-3.70 (1H, br), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.35-5.05 (1H, br), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.07-7.20 (1H, m), 7.27 (1H, brs), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 9.68 (1H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1154

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.05- 1.38 (6H, m), 1.38-1.52 (1H, m), 1.52-1.62 (1H, m), 1.62-1.79 (2H, m), 2.09-2.18 (1H, m), 2.46 (3H, s), 3.17-3.37 (2H, m), 3.37-3.66 (2H, m), 3.66-3.75 (1H, m), 6.25-7.10 (1H, br), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.19-7.30 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, brs), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 9.88 (2H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1155

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm at 80° C.: 1.00- 1.38 (6H, m), 1.45-1.80 (4H, m), 2.08-2.18 (1H, m), 3.06-3.27 (2H, m), 3.27-3.49 (2H, m), 3.53- 3.70 (1H, m), 4.94-5.68 (1H, br), 7.13-7.22 (1H, m), 7.25-7.35 (2H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 9.45-10.00 (2H, brm). 2 Hydrochloride 1156

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.89-1.03 (1H, m), 1.05-1.35 (5H, m), 1.35-1.61 (3H, m), 1.61- 1.75 (1H, m), 1.82-1.96 (1H, m), 2.62-2.86 (3H, m), 3.08 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.21-3.36 (1H, m), 6.50 (2H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 8.3 Hz), 7.36 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz). (3H not found) Fumarate 1157

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.09-1.55 (7H, m), 1.55-1.80 (3H, m), 2.10-2.22 (1H, m), 3.30- 4.10 (5H, m), 4.10-5.20 (1H, br), 7.11 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, brs), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.97 (1H, brs), 8.15 (1H, s), 10.06 (2H, brs). 2 Hydrochloride 1158

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.10 (1H, m), 1.15-1.38 (5H, m), 1.47-1.69 (3H, m), 1.69- 1.80 (1H, m), 2.00-2.11 (1H, m), 2.80-3.40 (4H, m), 3.40-3.60 (1H, m), 5.35-6.36 (1H, br), 7.13- 7.44 (2H, m), 8.15 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 9.08- 9.66 (1H, br), 9.66-10.08 (1H, br). 2 Hydrochloride

TABLE 146 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1159

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.95-1.10 (4H, m), 1.10-1.54 (4H, m), 1.54-1.65 (2H, m), 1.65- 1.83 (2H, m), 2.37-2.47 (1H, m), 2.55-2.69 (2H, m), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.2 Hz), 3.12-3.23 (1H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 0.7, 3.1 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.22-7.30 (1H, m), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz). — 1160

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.05 (1H, m), 1.09-1.35 (5H, m), 1.39-1.60 (3H, m), 1.64- 1.75 (1H, m), 1.88-2.00 (1H, m), 2.67-2.95 (3H, m), 3.07 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 12.0 Hz), 3.28-3.40 (1H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 0.6, 3.0 Hz), 6.51 (2H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 1.6, 8.4 Hz), 7.18 (1H, s), 7.27 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz). (3H not found) Fumarate 1161

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.82-0.92 (1H, m), 0.94 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.06-1.34 (4H, m), 1.38-1.58 (2H, m), 1.59-1.75 (2H, m), 2.28- 2.37 (1H, m), 2.37-2.49 (2H, m), 2.89 (1H, dd, J = 2.6, 10.8 Hz), 2.94-3.04 (1H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.9 Hz), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz). — 1162

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.80-0.99 (1H, m), 1.00-1.35 (5H, m), 1.35-1.98 (5H, m), 2.53- 3.25 (4H, m), 3.23-3.40 (1H, m), 3.76 (3H, s), 6.40-6.58 (3H, m), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.09 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.17-7.28 (2H, m). (3H not found) Fumarate 1163

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.93-1.08 (1H, m), 1.10-1.35 (5H, m), 1.401-1.60 (3H, m), 1.64-1.75 (1H, m), 1.90-2.03 (1H, m), 2.72- 3.00 (3H, m), 3.11 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 12.0 Hz), 3.32-3.43 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 6.52 (2H, s), 7.15-7.23 (1H, m), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.6 Hz), 7.43-7.49 (1H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz). (3H, not found) Fumarate

TABLE 147 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1164

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.88-1.08 (4H, m), 1.15-1.42 (3H, m), 1.42-1.60 (1H, br), 1.60- 1.69 (2H, m), 1.69-1.82 (2H, m), 2.31-2.39 (1H, m), 2.46 (1H, dd, J = 10.4, 11.0 Hz), 2.55-2.63 (1H, m), 3.00 (1H, dd, J = 2.8, 11.2 Hz), 3.07- 3.18 (1H, m), 7.02-7.09 (2H, m), 7.23-7.29 (2H, m). — 1165

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.98-1.10 (4H, m), 1.22-1.46 (4H, m), 1.65-1.90 (4H, m), 2.46- 2.67 (3H, m), 3.10-3.25 (2H, m), 6.98 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.6 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz) — 1166

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.90-1.03 (1H, m), 1.12 (3H , d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.17-1.34 (2H, m), 1.34-1.48 (1H, m), 1.52-1.74 (3H, m), 1.84- 1.94 (1H, m), 2.65-2.75 (2H, m), 2.74-2.84 (1H, m), 3.14 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 11.9 Hz), 3.22-3.34 (1H, m), 6.51 (2H, s), 6.97-7.04 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 11.3 Hz), 7.51 (1H, t, J = 8.6 Hz), 8.60-11.75 (2H, br). (1H not found) Fumarate 1167

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.88-1.02 (1H, m), 1.11 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 1.14-1.45 (3H, m), 1.48-1.62 (2H, m), 1.65-1.73 (1H, m), 1.82- 1.92 (1H, m), 2.60-2.81 (3H, m), 3.05 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 11.8 Hz), 3.19-3.30 (1H, m), 6.51 (2H, s), 7.11-7.18 (1H, m), 7.30-7.41 (2H, m), 8.85- 11.65 (2H, br). (1H not found) Fumarate

TABLE 148 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ NMR Salt 1168

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.8-1.0 (4H, m), 1.1-1.6 (7H, m), 1.6-1.7 (1H, m), 1.8-1.9 (1H, m), 2.5-2.75 (3H, m), 2.85-3.9 (5H, m), 6.5-6.55 (2H, m), 7.1-7.2 (2H, m), 7.3- 7.4 (2H, m). Fumarate 1169

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.94 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.95-1.1 (1H, m), 1.15-1.5 (5H, m), 1.5-1.85 (5H, m), 2.46-2.69 (3H, m), 2.91- 3.01 (1H, m), 3.18 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.08-7.14 (2H, m), 7.31 (1H , dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.64-7.71 (2H, m). — 1170

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.82-1.03 (4H, m), 1.09-1.36 (2H, m), 1.41-1.59 (4H, m), 1.59-1.75 (2H, m), 1.92-2.06 (1H, m), 2.71- 3.07 (3H, m), 3.10-3.20 (1H, m), 3.20-3.32 (1H, m), 6.56(4H, s), 6.97-7.26 (3H, m), 11.5 (5H, m). 2 Fumarate 1171

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.05 (4H, m), 1.1-1.4 (2H, m), 1.45-1.65 (4H, m), 1.65-1.85 (2H, m), 2.05-2.15 (1H, m), 2.85- 3.22 (3H, m), 3.22-3.38 (2H, m), 4.09 (1H, br), 7.24 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.35-7.5 (2H, m), 7.7-7.8 (2H, m), 9.15-9.35 (1H, m), 9.35-9.55 (1H, m). 2 Hydrochloride 1172

1H-NMR (CDCl3) δppm: 0.93 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.98-1.09 (1H, m), 1.14-1.50 (5H, m), 1.55-1.85 (5H, m), 2.44-2.53 (1H, m), 2.55-2.68 (2H, m), 2.91-3.00 (1H, m), 3.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.7, 11.1 Hz), 7.20 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 0.5, 5.4 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz). — 1173

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 0.85-1.05 (4H, m), 1.15-1.35 (2H, m), 1.35-1.5 (2H, m), 1.5-1.6 (3H, m), 1.65-1.75 (1H, m), 1.85- 1.95 (1H, m), 2.65-2.85 (3H m) 3.05-3.2 (2H, m), 3.6 (3H, br), 6.51 (2H, s), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 8.5 Hz), 7.39 (1H, dd, J = 0.5, 5.4 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz). Fumarate

TABLE 149 absolute configuration

Example R⁵ R⁶ R⁷ R⁸ R⁹ MS(M + 1) 1174 —H

—H —H —H 327 1175 —H —H

—H —H 317 1176 —H

—H —H —H 327 1177 —H

—H —H —H 314 1178 —H

—H —H —H 328 1179 —H

—H —H —H 310 1180 —H —H

—H —H 344 1181 —H

—H —H —H 357 1182 —H

—H —H —H 344 1183 —H —H

—H —H 328 1184 —H —H

—H —H 342 1185 —H

—H —H —H 323 1186 —H

—H —H —H 328 1187 —H

—H —H —H 330 1188 —H —Cl

—H —H 385 1189 —H —H

—H —H 351 1190 —H

—H —H —H 342 1191 —OCH3 —OCH3 —H —H —H 305 1192 —H —H —O(CH2)2CH3 —H —H 303 1193 —H —H

—H —H 343 1194 —F —H —OCH3 —H —H 293 1195 —Cl —H —H —CF3 —H 347 1196 —Cl —H —H —H —H 297 1197 —H

—OCH3 —H —H 381 1198 —OCH3 —H —Cl —H —H 309 1199 —F —Cl —H —H —H 297 1200 —CH3 —H —OCH3 —Cl —H 323 1201 —H —OCH3

—H —H 381 1202 —H —H

—H —H 311 1203 —H

—H —H —H 342 1204 —H —H

—H —H 357 1205 —H —H —OCH(CH3)2 —H —H 303 1206 —H

—H —H —H 312 1207 —OCH2CH3 —H —H —H —H 289 1208 —H

—H —H —H 337 1209 —Cl —CF3 —H —H —H 347 1210 —H —H —CH2CH(CH3)2 —H —H 301 1211 —CN —H —Cl —H —H 304 1212 —H —H

—H —H 330 1213 —H —H

—H —H 310

TABLE 150 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1214

296 1215

299 1216

296 1217

301 1218

338 1219

330 1220

303 1221

330 1222

296 1223

314 1224

299 1225

327 1226

316 1227

342 1228

315 1229

299 1230

314 1231

313

TABLE 151 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1232

277 1233

260 1234

316 1235

329 1236

315 1237

326 1238

322 1239

331 1240

280 1241

264 1242

276 1243

280 1244

246 1245

247 1246

323 1247

296 1248

260 1249

286 1250

302 1251

276 1252

332 1253

297 1254

314 1255

252 1256

261 1257

372 1258

330 1259

373 1260

326 1261

326 1262

277 1263

302 1264

297 1265

264 1266

271 1267

264 1268

246 1269

296 1270

322 1271

247 1272

276 1273

264 1274

247 1275

330 1276

280 1277

261 1278

297 1279

302 1280

266 1281

328 1282

263 1283

266

TABLE 152 absolute configuration

Example R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1284

315 1285

282 1286

245 1287

261 1288

277 1289

312 1290

274 1291

299 1292

281 1293

277 1294

337 1295

317 1296

261 1297

279 1298

267 1299

267 1300

275 1301

297 1302

283 1303

263 1304

249 1305

279 1306

285 1307

279 1308

279 1309

282 1310

275 1311

273 1312

296 1313

297 1314

297 1315

265 1316

259 1317

275 1318

299 1319

319 1320

271 1321

288 1322

277 1323

231 1324

249 1325

271 1326

288 1327

270 1328

309 1329

263 1330

296 1331

311 1332

333 1333

313 1334

328 1335

297 1336

286 1337

313 1338

371 1339

288 1340

323 1341

306

TABLE 153 absolute configuration

Exam- ple. R⁴ MS (M + 1) 1342

315 1343

282 1344

245 1345

261 1346

277 1347

312 1348

274 1349

299 1350

333 1351

245 1352

281 1353

299 1354

277 1355

337 1356

317 1357

261 1358

267 1359

267 1360

275 1361

297 1362

283 1363

263 1364

249 1365

279 1366

285 1367

279 1368

279 1369

282 1370

275 1371

273 1372

296 1373

297 1374

297 1375

265 1376

259 1377

275 1378

299 1379

319 1380

271 1381

288 1382

231 1383

249 1384

271 1385

288 1386

270 1387

263 1388

282 1389

337 1390

311 1391

333 1392

313 1393

328 1394

297 1395

286 1396

313 1397

282 1398

371 1399

288 1400

323 1401

306

TABLE 154 absolute configuration

Exam- ple. R⁴ MS (M + 1) 1402

307 1403

325 1404

309 1405

316 1406

309 1407

296 1408

321 1409

297 1410

341 1411

357 1412

331 1413

347 1414

331 1415

311 1416

333 1417

325 1418

335 1419

347 1420

297 1421

321 1422

314 1423

323 1424

332 1425

315 1426

331

TABLE 155 absolute configuration

Exam- ple. R⁴ MS (M + 1) 1427

307 1428

325 1429

309 1430

316 1431

309 1432

296 1433

321 1434

297 1435

341 1436

357 1437

331 1438

347 1439

331 1440

311 1441

333 1442

325 1443

335 1444

347 1445

297 1446

321 1447

314 1448

323 1449

332 1450

315 1451

331

TABLE 156 absolute configuration

Exam- ple. R⁴ MS (M + 1) 1452

307 1453

325 1454

309 1455

316 1456

313 1457

309 1458

296 1459

321 1460

297 1461

341 1462

357 1463

331 1464

347 1465

331 1466

327 1467

311 1468

333 1469

325 1470

335 1471

347 1472

321 1473

314 1474

323 1475

332 1476

315 1477

331

TABLE 157 absolute configuration

Exam- ple. R⁴ MS (M + 1) 1478

307 1479

325 1480

309 1481

316 1482

313 1483

309 1484

296 1485

321 1486

297 1487

341 1488

357 1489

331 1490

347 1491

331 1492

327 1493

311 1494

333 1495

325 1496

335 1497

347 1498

321 1499

314 1500

323 1501

332 1502

315 1503

331

TABLE 158 relative configuration

Exam- ple. R⁴ MS (M + 1) 1504

281 1505

299 1506

283 1507

290 1508

283 1509

270 1510

295 1511

271 1512

315 1513

331 1514

305 1515

321 1516

305 1517

301 1518

285 1519

307 1520

299 1521

309 1522

321 1523

271 1524

295 1525

288 1526

297 1527

306 1528

289 1529

305

TABLE 159 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1530

299 1531

270 1532

295 1533

271 1534

315 1535

331 1536

305 1537

321 1538

321 1539

295 1540

288 1541

306 1542

289 1543

305

TABLE 160 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1544

281 1545

299 1546

270 1547

295 1548

271 1549

315 1550

331 1551

305 1552

321 1553

305 1554

321 1555

295 1556

288 1557

306 1558

289 1559

305

TABLE 161 relative configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1560

275 1561

291

TABLE 162 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1562

267 1563

285 1564

269 1565

276 1566

251 1567

273 1568

269 1569

256 1570

281 1571

257 1572

301 1573

317 1574

275 1575

291 1576

307 1577

291 1578

271 1579

293 1580

285 1581

295 1582

307 1583

257 1584

281 1585

274 1586

283 1587

292

TABLE 163 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1588

267 1589

285 1590

269 1591

276 1592

251 1593

273 1594

269 1595

256 1596

281 1597

257 1598

301 1599

317 1600

275 1601

291 1602

307 1603

291 1604

271 1605

293 1606

285 1607

295 1608

307 1609

257 1610

281 1611

274 1612

283 1613

292

TABLE 164 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1614

285 1615

269 1616

276 1617

269 1618

281 1619

257 1620

301 1621

317 1622

291 1623

307 1624

287 1625

271 1626

293 1627

295 1628

307 1629

257 1630

281 1631

274 1632

292 1633

275 1634

291

TABLE 165 absolute configuration

Example. R⁴ MS(M + 1) 1635

285 1636

269 1637

276 1638

269 1639

281 1640

257 1641

301 1642

317 1643

291 1644

307 1645

287 1646

271 1647

293 1648

295 1649

307 1650

257 1651

281 1652

274 1653

283 1654

292 1655

275 1656

291

Pharmacological Study 1

Measurement of Serotonin (5-HT) Uptake Inhibitory Activity of Test Compound Using Rat Brain Synaptosome

Male Wistar rats were decapitated, and their brains were removed and directed to remove the frontal cortex. The separated frontal cortex was placed in a 20-fold weight of a 0.32 molarity (M) sucrose solution and homogenized with a poller homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 g at 4° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was further centrifuged at 20000 g at 4° C. for 20 minutes. The pellet was suspended in an incubation buffer (20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM glucose, 145 mM sodium chloride, 4.5 mM potassium chloride, 1.2 mM magnesium chloride, and 1.5 mM calcium chloride). The suspension was used as a crude synaptosome fraction.

Uptake reaction was performed using each well of a 96-well round-bottom plate and a 200 μl volume in total of a solution containing pargyline (final concentration: 10 μM) and ascorbic acid (final concentration: 0.2 mg/ml).

Specifically, a solvent, unlabeled 5-HT, and serially diluted test compounds were separately added to the wells, and the synaptosome fraction was added in an amount 1/10 of the final volume to each well and preincubated at 37° C. for 10 minutes. Then, a tritium-labeled 5-HT solution (final concentration: 8 nM) was added thereto to initiate uptake reaction at 37° C. 10 minutes later, the uptake reaction was terminated by suction filtration through a 96-well glass fiber filter plate. Furthermore, the fitter was washed with a cold saline and then sufficiently dried. MicroScint-O (PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.) was added thereto, and the residual radioactivity on the filter was measured.

An uptake value obtained by the addition of only the solvent was defined as 100%, and aa uptake value (nonspecific uptake value) obtained by the addition of the unlabeled 5-HT (final concentration: 10 μM) was defined as 0%. A 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated from the test compound concentrations and inhibitory activities thereat. The results are shown in Table 60.

TABLE 60 Test compound 50% Inhibitory concentration (nM) Compound of Example 2 7.1 Compound of Example 7 1.0 Compound of Example 8 2.4 Compound of Example 10 6.2 Compound of Example 13 5.1 Compound of Example 15 12.5 Compound of Example 27 5.8 Compound of Example 33 2.6 Compound of Example 72 2.6 Compound of Example 77 0.8 Compound of Example 85 7.2 Compound of Example 106 9.7 Compound of Example 112 7.1 Compound of Example 118 13.7 Compound of Example 120 9.2 Compound of Example 124 8.5 Compound of Example 125 4.7 Compound of Example 130 5.3 Compound of Example 131 6.1 Compound of Example 132 8.8 Compound of Example 136 1.3 Compound of Example 150 5.4 Compound of Example 165 12.0 Compound of Example 186 5.2 Compound of Example 187 5.8 Compound of Example 188 6.0 Compound of Example 191 3.2 Compound of Example 192 2.9 Compound of Example 193 3.4 Compound of Example 196 4.4 Compound of Example 233 7.4 Compound of Example 246 6.8 Compound of Example 247 42.8 Compound of Example 273 44.0 Compound of Example 276 7.2 Compound of Example 281 5.8 Compound of Example 285 19.7 Compound of Example 288 56.1 Compound of Example 300 89.1 Compound of Example 307 19.3 Compound of Example 322 9.6 Compound of Example 344 6.8 Compound of Example 346 10.0 Compound of Example 348 6.4 Compound of Example 405 6.4 Compound of Example 409 35.6 Compound of Example 468 3.8 Compound of Example 577 5.2 Compound of Example 579 4.5 Compound of Example 580 2.5 Compound of Example 582 4.1 Compound of Example 586 5.2 Compound of Example 587 0.9 Compound of Example 593 4.9 Compound of Example 610 4.6 Compound of Example 621 7.0 Compound of Example 641 2.2 Compound of Example 654 1.5 Compound of Example 717 4.2 Compound of Example 778 87.5 Compound of Example 780 6.5 Compound of Example 781 6.2 Compound of Example 791 1.4 Compound of Example 805 42.6 Compound of Example 841 28.1 Compound of Example 850 7.3 Compound of Example 867 4.7 Compound of Example 884 7.3 Compound of Example 895 5.4 Compound of Example 918 10.0 Compound of Example 962 18.7 Compound of Example 983 6.5 Compound of Example 993 4.8 Compound of Example 1026 2.4 Compound of Example 1047 0.7 Compound of Example 1083 5.1 Compound of Example 1113 5.4 Compound of Example 1121 8.5 Compound of Example 1124 7.1 Compound of Example 1318 40.7 Compound of Example 1326 37.8 Compound of Example 1333 84.2 Compound of Example 1341 6.8 Compound of Example 1534 38.1

Pharmacological Study 2

Measurement of Norepinephrine (NE) Uptake Inhibitory Activity of Test Compound Using Rat Brain Synaptosome

Male Wistar rats were decapitated, and their brains were removed and dissected to remove the hippocampus. The separated hippocampus was placed in a 20-fold weight of a 0.32 molarity (M) sucrose solution and homogenized with a potter homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 g at 4° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was further centrifuged at 20000 g at 4° C. for 20 minutes. The pellet was suspended in an incubation buffer (20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM glucose, 145 mM sodium chloride, 4.5 mM potassium chloride, 1.2 mM magnesium chloride, and 1.5 mM calcium chloride). The suspension was used as a crude synaptosome fraction.

Uptake reaction was performed using each well of a 96-well round-bottom plate and a 200 μl volume in total of a solution containing pargyline (final concentration: 10 μM) and ascorbic acid (final concentration: 0.2 mg/ml).

Specifically, a solvent, unlabeled NE, and serially diluted test compounds were separately added to the wells, and the synaptosome fraction was added in an amount 1/10 of the final volume to each well and preincubated at 37° C. for 10 minutes. Then, a tritium-labeled NE solution (final concentration: 12 nM) was added thereto to initiate uptake reaction at 37° C. Ten minutes later, the uptake reaction was terminated by suction filtration through a 96-well glass fiber filter plate. Furthermore, the filter was washed with a cold saline and then sufficiently dried. MicroScint-O (PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.) was added thereto, and the residual radioactivity on the filter was measured.

An uptake value obtained by the addition of only the solvent was defined as 100%, and an uptake value (nonspecific uptake value) obtained by the addition of the unlabeled NE (final concentration: 10 μM) was defined as 0%. A 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated from the test compound concentrations and inhibitory activities thereat. The results are shown in Table 61.

TABLE 61 Test compound 50% Inhibitory concentration (nM) Compound of Example 2 4.6 Compound of Example 7 9.5 Compound of Example 8 60.9 Compound of Example 10 8.8 Compound of Example 13 14.3 Compound of Example 15 11.0 Compound of Example 27 0.9 Compound of Example 33 0.7 Compound of Example 72 1.0 Compound of Example 77 3.9 Compound of Example 85 4.9 Compound of Example 106 37.2 Compound of Example 112 87.3 Compound of Example 118 3.7 Compound of Example 120 9.2 Compound of Example 124 0.8 Compound of Example 125 1.9 Compound of Example 130 0.5 Compound of Example 131 0.7 Compound of Example 132 3.1 Compound of Example 136 0.5 Compound of Example 150 23.6 Compound of Example 165 2.4 Compound of Example 186 3.8 Compound of Example 187 6.0 Compound of Example 188 0.8 Compound of Example 191 2.1 Compound of Example 192 3.6 Compound of Example 193 4.4 Compound of Example 196 1.7 Compound of Example 233 3.2 Compound of Example 246 3.8 Compound of Example 247 6.6 Compound of Example 273 6.8 Compound of Example 276 4.5 Compound of Example 281 2.0 Compound of Example 285 1.4 Compound of Example 288 22.0 Compound of Example 300 9.9 Compound of Example 307 40.4 Compound of Example 322 40.1 Compound of Example 344 7.5 Compound of Example 346 8.8 Compound of Example 348 4.6 Compound of Example 405 4.4 Compound of Example 409 9.1 Compound of Example 468 7.5 Compound of Example 577 5.9 Compound of Example 579 5.1 Compound of Example 580 5.4 Compound of Example 582 6.0 Compound of Example 586 4.0 Compound of Example 587 1.9 Compound of Example 593 3.3 Compound of Example 610 5.9 Compound of Example 621 0.7 Compound of Example 641 76.0 Compound of Example 654 1.0 Compound of Example 717 4.8 Compound of Example 778 4.2 Compound of Example 780 0.6 Compound of Example 781 3.0 Compound of Example 791 0.7 Compound of Example 805 30.4 Compound of Example 841 0.9 Compound of Example 850 1.0 Compound of Example 867 11.7 Compound of Example 884 4.8 Compound of Example 895 3.0 Compound of Example 918 0.8 Compound of Example 962 31.9 Compound of Example 983 47.6 Compound of Example 993 8.7 Compound of Example 1026 4.2 Compound of Example 1047 0.7 Compound of Example 1083 2.5 Compound of Example 1113 1.7 Compound of Example 1121 0.7 Compound of Example 1124 0.8 Compound of Example 1318 6.6 Compound of Example 1326 1.8 Compound of Example 1333 39.6 Compound of Example 1341 42.7 Compound of Example 1534 4.0

Pharmacological Study 3

Measurement, of Dopamine (DA) Uptake Inhibitory Activity of Test Compound Using Rat Brain Synaptosome

Male Wistar rats were decapitated, and their brains were removed and dissected to remove the corpus striatum. The separated corpus striatum was placed in a 20-fold weight of a 0.32 molarity (M) sucrose solution and homogenized with a potter homogenizes. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 g at 4° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was further centrifuged at 20000 g at 4° C. for 20 minutes. The pellet was suspended in an incubation buffer (20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM glucose, 1.45 mM sodium chloride, 4.5 mM potassium chloride, 1.2 mM magnesium chloride, and 1.5 mM calcium chloride). The suspension was used as a crude synaptosome fraction.

Uptake reaction was performed using each well of a 96-well round-bottom plate and a 200 μl volume in total of a solution containing pargyline (final concentration: 10 μM) and ascorbic acid (final concentration: 0.2 mg/ml).

Specifically, a solvent, unlabeled DA, and serially diluted test compounds were separately added to the wells, and the synaptosome fraction was added in an amount 1/10 of the final volume to each well and preincubated at 37° C. for 10 minutes. Then, a tritium-labeled DA solution (final concentration: 2 nM) was added thereto to initiate uptake reaction at 37° C. Ten minutes later, the uptake reaction was terminated by suction filtration through a 96-well glass fiber filter plate. Furthermore, the filter was washed with a cold saline and then sufficiently dried. MicroScint-O (PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.) was added thereto, and the residual radioactivity on the filter was measured.

An uptake value obtained by the addition of only the solvent was defined as 100%, and an uptake value (nonspecific uptake value) obtained by the addition of the unlabeled DA (final concentration: 10 μM) was defined as 0%. A 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated from the test compound concentrations and inhibitory activities thereat. The results axe shown in Table 62.

TABLE 62 Test compound 50% Inhibitory concentration (nM) Compound of Example 2 85.9 Compound of Example 7 78.9 Compound of Example 8 377.8 Compound of Example 10 64.8 Compound of Example 13 85.4 Compound of Example 15 68.4 Compound of Example 27 31.9 Compound of Example 33 15.1 Compound of Example 72 47.9 Compound of Example 77 41.2 Compound of Example 85 95.7 Compound of Example 106 336.8 Compound of Example 112 263.7 Compound of Example 118 8.3 Compound of Example 120 187.2 Compound of Example 124 9.1 Compound of Example 125 5.2 Compound of Example 130 3.9 Compound of Example 131 8.3 Compound of Example 132 3.9 Compound of Example 136 7.7 Compound of Example 150 200.5 Compound of Example 165 6.8 Compound of Example 186 29.8 Compound of Example 187 12.1 Compound of Example 188 7.9 Compound of Example 191 13.5 Compound of Example 192 8.6 Compound of Example 193 5.7 Compound of Example 196 18.3 Compound of Example 233 38.8 Compound of Example 246 8.8 Compound of Example 247 8.7 Compound of Example 273 8.7 Compound of Example 276 10.9 Compound of Example 281 6.6 Compound of Example 285 43.9 Compound of Example 288 74.7 Compound of Example 300 81.3 Compound of Example 307 68.2 Compound of Example 322 67.7 Compound of Example 344 9.8 Compound of Example 346 7.8 Compound of Example 348 27.3 Compound of Example 405 74.8 Compound of Example 409 165.3 Compound of Example 468 54.0 Compound of Example 577 47.9 Compound of Example 579 46.5 Compound of Example 580 202.0 Compound of Example 582 68.8 Compound of Example 586 93.0 Compound of Example 587 76.1 Compound of Example 593 9.7 Compound of Example 610 13.2 Compound of Example 621 128.5 Compound of Example 641 9.7 Compound of Example 654 9.0 Compound of Example 717 60.1 Compound of Example 778 4.9 Compound of Example 780 4.3 Compound of Example 781 5.2 Compound of Example 791 160.9 Compound of Example 805 83.8 Compound of Example 841 5.1 Compound of Example 850 7.0 Compound of Example 867 85.7 Compound of Example 884 52.8 Compound of Example 895 19.9 Compound of Example 918 42.0 Compound of Example 962 69.5 Compound of Example 983 172.6 Compound of Example 993 38.6 Compound of Example 1026 12.3 Compound of Example 1047 1.1 Compound of Example 1083 53.7 Compound of Example 1113 26.0 Compound of Example 1121 29.9 Compound of Example 1124 49.3 Compound of Example 1318 83.5 Compound of Example 1326 91.8 Compound of Example 1333 73.0 Compound of Example 1341 113.3 Compound of Example 1534 214.8

Pharmacological Study 4

Forced Swimming Test

This test was conducted according to the method of Porsolt el al. (Porsolt, R. D., et al., Behavioural despair in mice: A primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. Ther, 229, pp 327-336 (1977)).

A test compound was suspended in a 5% gum arabic/saline (w/v), and this suspension was orally administered to male ICR mice (CLEA Japan, Inc. (JCL), 5 to 6 week old). One hour later, the mice were placed in a water tank having a water depth of 9.5 cm and a water temperature of 21 to 25° C. and immediately thereafter allowed to try to swim for 6 minutes. Then, a time during which the mouse was immobile (immobility time) was measured for the last 4 minutes. A SCANET MV-20 AQ system manufactured by Melquest Ltd. was used in the measurement and analysis of the immobility time.

In this experiment, the animals treated with the test compounds exhibited a reduction in immobility time. This demostrates that the test compounds are useful as antidepressants. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein m is 2, l is 1 and n is 1; X represents —CH₂—; R¹ represents hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a hydroxy C1-C6 alkyl group, a protecting group selected from unsubstituted C1-C6 alkanoyl, phthaloyl, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, nitrophenylsulfenyl, aralkyl and C1-C6 alkylsilyl groups, or a tri C1-C6 alkylsilyloxy C1-C6 alkyl group; R² and R³, which are the same or different, each independently represent hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl group; or R₂ and R₃ are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and R⁴ represents any of (1) a phenyl group, (2) an indolyl group, (3) a benzothienyl group, (4) a naphthyl group, (5) a benzofuryl group, (6) a quinolyl group, (7) an isoquinolyl group, (8) a pyridyl group, (9) a thienyl group, (10) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, (11) a dihydrobenzodioxinyl group, (12) a dihydroquinolyl group, (13) a chromanyl group, (14) a quinoxalinyl group, (15) a dihydroindenyl group, (16) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, (17) a benzodioxolyl group, (18) an indazolyl group, (19) a benzothiazolyl group, (20) an indolinyl group, (21) a thienopyridyl group, (22) a tetrahydrobenzazepinyl group, (23) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, (24) a dihydrobenzodioxepinyl group, (25) a fluorenyl group, (26) a pyridazinyl group, (27) a tetrahydroquinolyl group, (28) a carbazolyl group, (29) a phenanthryl group, (30) a dihydroacenaphthylenyl group, (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, (32) an anthryl group, (33) a benzodioxinyl group, (34) a pyrrolidinyl group, (35) a pyrazolyl group, (36) an oxadiazolyl group, (38) a tetrahydronaphthyl group, (39) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, (40) a benzoxazolyl group, (41) a thiazolyl group, (42) a quinazolinyl group, (43) a phthalazinyl group, (44) a pyrazinyl group, and (45) a chromenyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic groups may have 1 to 4 substituent(s) selected from (1-1) a halogen atom, (1-2) a C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-3) a C1-C6 alkanoyl group, (1-4) a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-5) a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-6) a cyano group, (1-7) a C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-8) a C1-C6 alkylthio group, (1-9) an imidazolyl group, (1-10) a tri C1-C6 alkylsilyl group, (1-11) an oxadiazolyl group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkyl group(s), (1-12) a pyrrolidinyl group which may have one or more oxo group(s), (1-13) a phenyl group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkoxy group(s), (1-14) a C1-C6 alkylamino C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-15) an oxo group, (1-16) a pyrazolyl group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkyl group(s), (1-17) a thienyl group, (1-18) a furyl group, (1-19) a thiazolyl group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkyl group(s), (1-20) a C1-C6 alkylamino group, (1-21) a pyrimidyl group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkyl group(s), (1-22) a phenyl C2-C6 alkenyl group, (1-23) a phenoxy group which may have one or more halogen atom(s), (1-24) a phenoxy C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-25) a pyrrolidinyl C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-26) a C1-C6 alkylsulfamoyl group, (1-27) a pyridazinyloxy group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkyl group(s), (1-28) a phenyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-29) a C1-C6 alkylamino C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-30) an imidazolyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-31) a phenyl C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-32) a hydroxy group, (1-33) a C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl group, (1-34) a hydroxyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-35) an oxazolyl group, (1-36) a piperidyl group, (1-37) a pyrrolyl group, (1-38) a morpholinyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-39) a piperazinyl C1-C6 alkyl group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkyl group(s), (1-40) a piperidyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-41) a pyrrolidinyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-42) a morpholinyl group, and (1-43) a piperazinyl group which may have one or more C1-C6 alkyl group(s).
 2. The compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein R⁴ represents any of (1) a phenyl group, (2) an indolyl group, (3) a benzothienyl group, (4) a naphthyl group, (5) a benzofuryl group, (6) a quinolyl group, (7) an isoquinolyl group, (8) a pyridyl group, (9) a thienyl group, (10) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, (11) a dihydrobenzodioxinyl group, (12) a dihydroquinolyl group, (13) a chromanyl group, (14) a quinoxalinyl group, (15) a dihydroindenyl group, (16) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, (17) a benzodioxolyl group, (18) an indazolyl group, (19) a benzothiazolyl group, (20) an indolinyl group, (21) a thienopyridyl group, (22) a tetrahydrobenzazepinyl group, (23) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, (24) a dihydrobenzodioxepinyl group, (25) a fluorenyl group, (26) a pyridazinyl group, (27) a tetrahydroquinolyl group, (28) a carbazolyl group, (29) a phenanthryl group, (30) a dihydroacenaphthylenyl group, (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, (32) an anthryl group, (33) a benzodioxinyl group, (34) a pyrrolidinyl group, (35) a pyrazolyl group, (36) an oxadiazolyl group, (38) a tetrahydronaphthyl group, (39) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, (40) a benzoxazolyl group, (41) a thiazolyl group, (42) a quinazolinyl group, (43) a phthalazinyl group, (44) a pyrazinyl group, and (45) a chromenyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic groups may have 1 to 4 substituent(s) selected from (1-1) a halogen atom, (1-2) a C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-3) a C1-C6 alkanoyl group, (1-4) a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-5) a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-6) a cyano group, (1-7) a C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-8) a C1-C6 alkylthio group, (1-9) an imidazolyl group, (1-10) a tri C1-C6 alkylsilyl group, (1-11) an oxadiazolyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-12) a pyrrolidinyl group which may have 1 oxo group, (1-13) a phenyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-14) a C1-C6 alkylamino C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-15) an oxo group, (1-16) a pyrazolyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-17) a thienyl group, (1-18) a furyl group, (1-19) a thiazolyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-20) a C1-C6 alkylamino group, (1-21) a pyrimidyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-22) a phenyl C2-C6 alkenyl group, (1-23) a phenoxy group which may have 1 halogen atom, (1-24) a phenoxy C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-25) a pyrrolidinyl C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-26) a C1-C6 alkylsulfamoyl group, (1-27) a pyridazinyloxy group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-28) a phenyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-29) a C1-C6 alkylamino C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-30) an imidazolyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-31) a phenyl C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-32) a hydroxy group, (1-33) a C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl group, (1-34) a hydroxy C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-35) an oxazolyl group, (1-36) a piperidyl group, (1-37) a pyrrolyl group, (1-38) a morpholinyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-39) a piperazinyl C1-C6 alkyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-40) a piperidyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-41) a pyrrolidinyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-42) a morpholinyl group, and (1-43) a piperazinyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group.
 3. The compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 2, wherein m represents 2; l and n respecitvely represent 1; X represents —CH₂—; R¹ represents hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a hydroxy C1-C6 alkyl group, a benzyl group, or a tri C1-C6 alkylsilyloxy C1-C6 alkyl group; and R⁴ represents any of (1) a phenyl group, (2) an indolyl group, (4) a naphthyl group, (5) a benzofuryl group, and (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic groups may have 1 to 4 substituent(s) selected from (1-1) a halogen atom, (1-2) a C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-3) a C1-C6 alkanoyl group, (1-4) a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-5) a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-6) a cyano group, (1-7) a C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-8) a C1-C6 alkyithio group, (1-9) an imidazoiyl group, (1-10) a tri C1-C6 alkylsilyi group, (1-11) an oxadiazoiyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-12) a pyrrolidinyl group which may have 1 oxo group, (1-13) a phenyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 aikoxy group, (1-14) a C1-C6 alkylamino C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-15) an oxo group, (1-16) a pyrazolyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-17) a thienyl group, (1-18) a furyl group, (1-19) a thiazoiyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-20) a C1-C6 alkylamino group, (1-21) a pyrimidyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-22) a phenyl C1-C6 alkenyl group, (1-23) a phenoxy group which may have 1 halogen atom, (1-24) a phenoxy C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-25) a pyrrolidinyl C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-26) a C1-C6 alkylsulfamoyl group, (1-27) a pyridazinyioxy group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-28) a phenyl C1-C6 alkyl group. (1-29) a C1-C6 alkylamino C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-30) an imidazolyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-31) a phenyl C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-32) a hydroxy group, (1-34) a hydroxy C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-35) an oxazolyl group, (1-36) a piperidyl group, (1-37) a pyrrolyl group, (1-38) a morpholinyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-39) a piperazinyl C1-C6 alkyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group(s), (1-40) a piperidyl C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-41) a pyrrolidinyl C1-C6 alkyl group. (1-42) a morpholinyl group, and (1-43) a piperazinyl group which may have 1 C1-C6 alkyl group.
 4. The compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt therof according to claim 3, wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; R² and R³, which are the same or different, each independently represent a C1-C6 alkyl group; or R² and R³ are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and R⁴ represents any of (1) a phenyl group, (2) an indolyl group, (4) a naphthyl group, (5) a benzofuryl group, and (31) a pyrrolopyridyl group, wherein these aromatic or heterocyclic groups may have 1 to 2 substituent(s) selected from (1-1) a halogen atom, (1-2) a C1-C6 alkyl group, (1-5) a halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkoxy group, (1-6) a cyano group, and (1-7) a C1-C6 alkoxy group.
 5. The compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 4, which is selected from (4aS,8aR)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, 2-chloro-4-((4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)benzonitrile, (4aS,8aR)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, (4aS,8aR)-1-(7-fluorobenzofuran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, 5-((4aR,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile, (4a′R,8a′S)-4′-(7-methoxybenzofuran-4-yl)octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-quinoxaline], (4aS,8aR)-1-(6,7-difluorobenzofuran-4-yl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, 5-((4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxaline-1(2H)-yl)-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile, 6-((4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyloctahydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-2-naphthonitrile, (4aS,8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)decahydroquinoxaline, (4aS,8aS)-1-(4-difluoromethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, (4aS,8aS)-1-(4-difluoromethoxy)phenyl-3,3-dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline, and (4aR,8aR)-1-(4-difluoromethyoxy)-3-fluorophenyl-3,3 -dimethyldecahydroquinoxaline.
 6. A pharaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1 as an active ingredient and a pharaceutically acceptable carrier.
 7. A process for producing a compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1: the process comprising reacting the compound represented by the formula;

wherein m is 2, l is 1 and n is 1 respectively, and the compound represented by the general formula; R⁴—X₁ wherein X₁ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C6 alkanesulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy, aralkylsulfonyloxy, trihalomethanesulfonyloxy, sulfonio, and toluenesulfoxy. 